Microgrid project Laborelec

2007 - 2010

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Mission

– Sustainable development - New generation technologies

– Distributed Generation - Impact on the grid activities

– Support to project activities for GDF-Suez, Electrabel, DNO’s, (i.e. Princess Elisabeth Antarctica project)

– Active Contribution of Laborelec to the Technology Watch

Electrical system of generation, storage and consumption

– Use of local energy sources

– Uninterruptible

– Stable voltage and frequency

Stand alone or grid connected if needed

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Grid - connected

– Advantages of distributed generation• Less transport losses

• Use of renewable sources where present

• Smoothing unpredictable generation profiles

– Immunity to Grid failures / interruptions

Off - grid

– Cover local energy needs where

grid – connection is costly or impossible

– Use of renewable sources instead of

diesel generators

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Generation– Renewable sources, CHP etc

Storage system – Batteries or other types. Load supply during low or no production

Control system (Energy flow regulator)– Load supply from generation

– Load supply from storage system if needed

– Battery charging

– Energy exchange with the grid if system is grid connected.

– Balance generation - consumption

Variable loads

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3 types of technology:

– Multicrystalline Si (135 Wp/m² - Photovoltech – 639€/m²)

– Amorphous Si (58 Wp/m² - MSK – 189€/m²)

– Multi layer: Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) (168 Wp/m² - Sanyo – 659€/m²)

30 kW peak (10 kWp/technology) : +/- 180 k€

State of the art SMA converters

Equivalent generation at full load: +/- 845h/year

Estimated generation/year: 25.350 kWh

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Amorphous Si

Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin

Layer (HIT)

Multicrystalline

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What is the efficiency gain from the use of a tracking system?

Energy yield increase claimed by the manufacturer: 35-45%

Implementation– Installation of a two-axis system 5kWp

– Comparison with fix installation

(same PV & inverter technology)

Control system: – light sensors

– movement E-W, inclination0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

04:48 09:36 14:24 19:12P

AC

[W]

PAC

FIX_ 15/08 TRACK_15/08

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6 kW 5 kW

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Model PROVEN FORTIS

Rotor downwind upwind

Max Power 6 kW 5 kW

Rated Wind Speed 12 m/s 17 m/s

Cut-in Wind Speed 2,5 m/s 2,5 m/s

Survival Wind Speed 70 m/s 60 m/s

Rotor Diameter 5,5 m 5 m

Tower Height 15 m 24 m

Grid Inverter 1 unit 6 kW 2 units 2,3 kW

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Control system

– Sunny Island 5012

– 3 single phase 4 quadrantinverters

– Master – slaves configuration

Storage system:

– 600Ah 48V C10 Lead – Acid battery bank (2V cells)

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IV-curve

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Voltage (V)

Cu

rre

nt

(A)

HIP 210NHE1

MSK AJG 055-B (new)

MSK AJG 055-B (stable)

Photovoltech Mithras 200Wp

• The data found on the manufacturer’s data sheets are checked

• The performance of the technologies is measuredunder real operatingconditions

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Parameters

– Electrical: V [V], I [A]

– External parameters: G [W/m²], T [°C]

Comparison of theoreticaly expectedproduction underspecific operatingconditions with actualproduction 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00

Pd

c[W

]

model

measured

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• The average efficiency of the inverters is calculatedfor the different levels of AC output power

80.00

82.00

84.00

86.00

88.00

90.00

92.00

94.00

96.00

98.00

Eff

icie

ncy %

5 10 20 30 50 100

% Pac_nom

Inverter Measured Efficiency

• The results are compared with the manufacturer’s efficiency curves

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The power output of the generator Vs the recorded wind speed on site is compared to the manufacturer’scurve

Parameters recorded:

– Electrical: PAC [W]

– External: v [m/s]

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• Reference Yield YR

• Array Yield YA

• Final Yield YF

• Performance Ratio PR

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

January February March April May June

[kW

h/k

Wp

/mo

nth

]

Energy Yields & Losses

YF Ls Lc

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Power Quality Results – Grid connected

– RMS – Voltage & Current

– Flicker

– Unbalance

– Voltage Harmonics

– Current Harmonics

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New decoupling protection requirements

Islanding detection strategies. Potential islanding detection problems in low voltage networks.

Experimental setup on the LBE site investigating island mode

L1

L2

L3

N

Mai

n

Gri

d

10 kW PV 10 kW PV 10 kW PV

71 mH

From 100 µF to 200 µF

From 0 kW to 21,5 kW

Adjusted to match the localproduction

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Rafaël Jahn

EPSM - MMDMGSM: 0475/693697

Email: Rafael.Jahn@laborelec.com

Dries Lemmens

EPSM - MMDMGSM: 0477/690801

Email: Dries. Lemmens@laborelec.com

Vasiliki Balafouti

EPSM - EPSACGSM: 0473/170386

Email: Vasiliki.Balafouti@laborelec.com

Sebastian Falkenberg

SPRT - INDUGSM: 0475/752576

Email: Sebastian.Falkenberg@laborelec.com

Sven Kerremans

EPSM - EPSACGSM: 0473/992988

Email: Sven.Kerremans@laborelec.com

[ Five reasons for you to choose Laborelec ]

One-stop shopping for your energy related servicesMore than 40 years of experience Increased profitability of your installations Independent and confidential advice Recognized and accredited laboratory

The Technical Competence Centrein energy processes and energy use

Laborelec BelgiumRodestraat 1251630 LinkebeekBelgium

T. +32 2 382 02 11F. +32 2 382 02 41RPR/RPM Brussels 0400.902.582 BTW/TVA BE 0400 902 582

www.laborelec.cominfo@laborelec.com

Laborelec The NetherlandsAmerikalaan 356199 AEMaastricht-Airport

The NetherlandsT. +31 63 88 26 022

© LABORELEC