MICROBIOLOGYFINAL REVIEW

USING TABLET PCs

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

ANTIBODY STRUCTURE

• USE YOUR TABLET PEN TO LABEL THE LIGHT CHAIN, HEAVY CHAIN, ANTIGEN BINDING SITE, AND VARIABLE REGIONS

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

ANTIBODY CLASSESFOR EACH, FILL IN WHERE IT IS FOUND AND WHAT IT

DOES - IgA

- IgD

- IgE

- IgG

- IgM

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

ANTIBODY PRODUCTION• WHAT HAPPENS IN THE PRIMARY

RESPONSE?

• WHAT HAPPENS IN THE SECONDARY RESPONSE?

• NEUTRALIZATION

• AGGLUTINATION

• PRECIPITATION

• OPSONIZATION

• ADCC

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONSWHAT HAPPENS IN EACH OF THESE?

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

COMPLEMENT

• SERUM PROTEINS• REACT SEQUENTIALLY• 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS:

– ENHANCED PHAGOCYTOSIS

– INFLAMMATION– CELL DESTRUCTION

(CYTOLYSIS)

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

COMPLEMENT• HOW IS THE CLASSICAL PATHWAY

ACTIVATED?

• HOW ARE THE ALTERNATIVE & LECTIN PATHWAYS ACTIVATED?

• WHAT DO ANAPHYLATOXINS DO?

• WHAT DOES THE MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX (MAC) DO?

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

HISTOCOMPATIBILITY

• HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS REGULATE CELL TO CELL INTERACTIONS (T CELLS) IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

• HUMAN FORM IS HLA ANTIGENS – ALSO ASOCIATED WITH TRANSPLANT REJECTION

• CODOMINANT INHERITANCE• HIGHLY POLYMORPHIC

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

CLONAL SELECTION

EFFECTOR CELLS MEMORY CELLS

FILL IN “THE BIG PICTURE”

Th

B

APC

BPlasma

Y Y

TcNK

What do these do?

Macrophage

Ts

B

DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

WRITE THE BASIC MECHANISMS IN EACH OF THESE• HYPERSENSITIVITY

– TYPE 1 (ANAPHYLACTIC)

– TYPE 2 (CYTOTOXIC)

– TYPE 3 (IMMUNE COMPLEX)

– TYPE 4 (DELAYED TYPE)

DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMWRITE THE BASIC MECHANISMS IN EACH OF THESE

• AUTOIMMUNITY

• IMMUNODEFICIENCY

DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• FOR A REVIEW OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF IMMUNE DISORDERS OPEN THE CASE STUDIES FOLDER AND TRY THE CASES

APPLIED & DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOLOGY

ACTIVE & PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION

• HOW ARE VACCINES MADE?

• VARIOUS TYPES:

– KILLED

– ATTENUATED

– COMPONENT/SUBUNIT

• WHAT IS PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION?

BLOOD TYPESAPPLIED & DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOLOGY TRANFUSION IMMUNOLOGY

– WHAT ARE THE ABO AND Rh ANTIGENS

– WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSFUSION REACTIONS?

APPLIED & DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOLOGY

TRANSPLANT REJECTION MEDIATED BY T CELLS FROM THE

RECIPIENT DIRECTED AGAINST THE CELLS OF THE TRANSPLANT

IMMUNOSUPPRESION TRIES TO PREVENT THIS

REMEMBER: GREATER MISMATCH REMEMBER: GREATER MISMATCH = STRONGER REJECTION= STRONGER REJECTION

APPLIED & DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

• HOW IS PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION DONE / HOW DOES IT WORK?

• HOW IS IMMUNODIFFUSION DONE / HOW DOES IT WORK?

• HOW IS IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE DONE / HOW DOES IT WORK?

• HOW IS THE EIA / ELISA DONE / HOW DOES IT WORK?

BACTERIAL DISEASESSYMPTOMS AND MECHANISMS

• FOR A REVIEW OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BACTERIAL DISEASES OPEN THE CASE STUDIES FOLDER AND TRY THE CASES

WHAT DOES THIS SHOW?

VIRAL DISEASESSYMPTOMS AND MECHANISMS

• FOR A REVIEW OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VIRAL DISEASES OPEN THE CASE STUDIES FOLDER AND TRY THE CASES

WHAT DISEASE IS THIS? USE YOUR TABLET PEN TO LABEL WHAT IS GOING ON IN EACH STAGE

PARASITIC DISEASESWHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS & SYMPTOMS FOR EACH?RESPIRATORY TRACT

PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA

DIGESTIVE TRACTAMEBIASIS

GIARDIASIS

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM

TAPEWORMS

CYSTICERCOSIS

PINWORM

TRICHINOSIS

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

WHAT PARASITIC DISEASE COULD CAUSE WHAT WE SEE IN THIS X-RAY? (LABEL THE PICTURE)

WHAT DISEASE IS THIS? USE YOUR TABLET PEN TO LABEL THE PICTURE

PARASITIC DISEASESWHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS & SYMPTOMS FOR EACH?

NERVOUS SYSTEMAFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (SLEEPING SICKNESS)

DISSEMINATED & CARDIOVASCULARMALARIA

TOXOPLASMOSIS

CHAGAS DISEASE

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY NUTRIENT CYCLES

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE CARBON CYCLE?

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY NUTRIENT CYCLES

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE NITROGEN CYCLE?

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

WATER QUALITY TESTING WHY TEST WATER?

WHAT IS THE FECAL COLIFORMS TEST?

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

WATER TREATMENT LABEL WHAT GOES ON IN EACH STAGE

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

SEWAGE TREATMENTWHAT GOES ON IN EACH STAGE?

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

NUTRIENT POLLUTION & ITS EFFECTS

• NUTRIENTS CAUSE “BLOOM” OF ALGAE IN LAKES OR RIVERS

• ALGAE EVENTUALLY DIE

• OXYGEN DEPLETED FROM WATER WHEN DECOMPOSERS BREAK DOWN DEAD ALGAE (INCREASE IN B.O.D.)

• WHICH LEADS TO? …..

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGYINDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

MICROBIAL PRODUCTSMICROBIAL PRODUCTS• ANTIBIOTICSANTIBIOTICS

– Penicillium, Penicillium, Streptomyces ...Streptomyces ...

• INSECTICIDESINSECTICIDES– Bacillus Bacillus

thuringensisthuringensis (BT) (BT)

• VITAMINSVITAMINS– B12, Riboflavin …B12, Riboflavin …

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGYINDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

BIOTECHNOLOGYBIOTECHNOLOGY

• PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTSPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

• AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGYINDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY BIOREMEDIATIONBIOREMEDIATION

WHAT IS IT?WHAT IS IT?

TREATED AREA TREATED AREA (RIGHT)(RIGHT)

FOOD MICROBIOLOGYFOOD MICROBIOLOGY

WINEWINE FERMENTATION OF SUGARS IN

GRAPE JUICE BY Saccharomyces cereviseae

RED WINES IT’S THE SKINS …

WHITE WINES SPARKLING WINES

ADD SUGAR!

HOW DO WE MAKE BREAD?

HOW DO WE MAKE BEER?

FOOD MICROBIOLOGYFOOD MICROBIOLOGY

CHEESECHEESE FERMENTATION OF SUGARS AND PROTEIN IN MILK BY

BACTERIA OR FUNGI CURDS & WHEY … UNRIPENED CHEESES

SINGLE FERMENTATION

RIPENED CHEESES FERMENTED BY TWO ORGANISMS

AGED