microbes in the sea dr. sonia dyrhman and sheean haley · microbes in the sea dr. sonya dyhrman and...
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Microbes in the SeaDr. Sonya Dyhrman and Sheean Haley
Originally presented 8 March 2014
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Microbial Oceanography Group
• Members of the Dyhrman group are interested in how phytoplankton interact with their geochemical environment
• Explore the interface of microbial physiology and the nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles.
• Use a suite of approaches to investigate nutrient assimilation in model cultures and field populations
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Microbial Oceanography Group
• Provides advanced training for graduate students
• Also used as framework for the development and implementation of inquiry-based educational activities for children
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/micro_ocean/Home.html
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Microbes
• Dominate our planet—oceans, land, in and on you!
• Invisible to naked eye—usually < 100 µm
• Taxonomically diverseautotrophic & heterotrophicproducers, consumers, decomposers
• Essential to understand their roles in structure and function of marine ecosystems
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Strategies for Research
• Isolate individual cell types (pure cultures)
• Mixed microbial assemblages in labs
• Ecological-field approach in the open sea
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• http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/index.htm
• Established in 2006
• Coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa
• Partners:LDEO, MIT, UC Santa Cruz, Oregon State, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,Monterrey Bay Aquarium
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4 Themes
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Phytoplankton
• Autotrophic
• Diatoms
• Cyanobacteria
• Coccolithophores
http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/album/autotrophs/index.html
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Nitrogen-fixers(diazotrophs)
• N essential for life– proteins, nucleic acids, other bio-compounds
• Only a few organisms can tap into N2dissolved in seawater
http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/album/diazotrophs/index.html
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Zooplankton (“grazers”)
• Feed directly on microbes
• Protozoans such as flagellates and ciliatesForaminiferaRadiolaria
• Copepods (tiny crustaceans)
• Others
http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/album/grazers/index.html
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Higher Organisms
• Some permanently plankton
• Some temporarily planktonic when larval
• Juvenile squid, crabs, fish
http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/album/higher_org/index.html
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Viruses
• Most numerous group in aquatic ecosystems
• 3x – 10x higher than bacteria
• Infect bacteria and plankton
http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/album/viruses/index.html
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Symbiosis
• Mutually beneficial arrangements
• Best example: corals and zooxanthellae
• Many protists and cyanobacteria
• Relationships not well understood
http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/album/symbionts/index.html
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http://cmore.soest.hawaii.edu/microscopy/cmore_microscopy.html
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http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/images/nitrogencycle.jpg
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http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/ag101/impactphosphorus.html
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Animation
Crash Course—Nitrogen & Phosphorus Cycles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leHy-Y_8nRs
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Finally, some key terms
• “Genome” – genetic material of an organism
• “Phenotype” – all observable traits of an organism
• “Proteomics” – large-scale study of proteins
• “Biogeochemistry” – biological/geological/ chemical/physical processes and reactions
• “Cycles” among the “spheres”/”reservoirs
‘SYSTEM SCIENCE’