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1. What is a Microprocessor? - Microprocessor is a program-controlled device, which fetches the instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions.Most Micro Processor are single- chip devices.

2. Give examples for 8 / 16 / 32 bit Microprocessor? - 8-bit Processor - 8085 /Z80 / 6800; 16-bit Processor -8086 / 68000 / Z8000; 32-bit Processor - 80386 / 8

0486.

3. Why 8085 processor is called an 8 bit processor? - Because 8085 processor has8 bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Review). Similarly 8086 processor has 16 bit ALU.

4. What is 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor? - The processor made of PMOS / NMOS / HMOS / HCMOS technology is called 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generationprocessor, and it is made up of 4 / 8 / 16 / 32 bits.

5. Define HCMOS? - High-density n- type Complimentary Metal Oxide Silicon fieldeffect transistor.

6. What does microprocessor speed depend on? - The processing speed depends on DATA BUS WIDTH.

7. Is the address bus unidirectional? -The address bus is unidirectional becausethe address information is always given by the Micro Processor to address a memory location of an input / output devices.

8. Is the data bus is Bi-directional? - The data bus is Bi-directional because the same bus is used for transfer of data between Micro Processor and memory or input / output devices in both the direction.

9. What is the disadvantage of microprocessor? - It has limitations on the sizeof data. Most Microprocessor does not support floating-point operations.

A Instructions, and also it is defined as a device that includes micro processor, memory, &input / output signal lines on a single chip.

11. What is meant by LATCH? - Latch is a D- type flip-flop used as a temporary storage device controlledby a timing signal, which can store 0or 1. The primary function of a Latch is data storage. It is used in output devices such as LED, tohold the data for display.

12. Why does microprocessor contain ROM chips? - Microprocessor contain ROM chipbecause it contain instructions to execute data.

13. What is the difference between primary & secondary storage device? - In prim

ary storage device the storage capacity is limited. It hasa volatile memory. Insecondary storage device the storage capacity is larger. It is a nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are: RAM / ROM. Secondary devices are: Floppy disc / Hard disk.

14. Difference between static and dynamic RAM? - Static RAM: No refreshing, 6 to8 MOS transistors arerequired to form one memory cell, Information stored as voltage level in a flip flop. Dynamic RAM: Refreshed periodically, 3 to 4 transistors are required to form one memory cell, Information is stored as a charge in the gate to substrate capacitance.

15. What is interrupt? - Interrupt is asignal send by external device to theprocessor so as to request the processor to perform a particular work.

16. What is cache memory? - Cache memory is a small high-speed memory. It is used for temporary storage of data & information between the main memory and the CP

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U (center processing unit). The cache memory is only in RAM.

17. What is called .Scratch pad of computer.? - Cache Memory is scratch pad of computer.

18. Which transistor is used in each cell of EPROM? - Floating .gate Avalanche Injection MOS (FAMOS) transistor is used in each cell of EPROM.

19. Differentiate between RAM and ROM? - RAM: Read / Write memory, High Speed, Volatile Memory. ROM: Read only memory, Low Speed, Non Voliate Memory.

20. What is a compiler? - Compiler is used to translate the high-level languageprogram into machine code at a time. It doesn.t require special instruction to store in a memory, it stores automatically. TheExecution time is less compared toInterpreter.

21. Which processor structure is pipelined? - All x86 processors have pipelinedstructure.

22. What is flag? - Flag is a flip-flop used to store the information about thestatus of a processor and the status of the instruction executed most recently

23. What is stack? - Stack is a portionof RAM used for saving the content of Program Counter and general purpose registers.

24. Can ROM be used as stack? - ROM cannot be used as stack because it is not possible to write to ROM.

25. What is NV-RAM? - Nonvolatile Read Write Memory, also called Flashmemory. Itis also know as shadow RAM. (UC Browser)

30) Which operations are not available in 8085?# What are the flags in 8086? - In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliarycarryflag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, andSign flag.# What are the various interrupts in 8086? - Maskable interrupts, Non-Maskable interrupts.# What is meant by Maskable interrupts? - An interrupt that can beturned off bythe programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.# What is Non-Maskable interrupts? -An interrupt which can be never be turned off (ie.disabled) is known as Non-Maskable interrupt.# Which interrupts are generally used for critical events? - Non-Maskable interrupts are used in critical events. Such as Power failure,Emergency, Shut off etc.,# Give examples for Maskable interrupts? - RST 7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5 are Maskableinterrupts# Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts? - Trap is known as Non-Maskable interrupts, which is used in emergency condition.# What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086? - 5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.# What are the various segment registers in 8086? - Code, Data, Stack, Extra Segment registers in 8086.# Which Stack is used in 8086? - FIFO(First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first stored information is retrieved first.# What are the address lines for the software interrupts? -#

RST 0 0000 HRST1 0008 HRST2 0010 H

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RST3 0018 HRST4 0020 HRST5 0028 HRST6 0030 HRST7 0038 H# What is SIM and RIM instructions? -SIM is Set Interrupt Mask. Used to mask thehardware interrupts. RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. Used to check whether the inte

rrupt is Masked or not.# Which is the tool used to connect the user and the computer? - Interpreter isthe tool used to connect the user and the tool.# What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the PUSH instruction? - The address line is 02 less than the earlier value.# What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the POP instruction? - The address line is 02 greater than the earlier value.# Logic calculations are done in which type of registers? - Accumulator is the register in which Arithmetic and Logic calculations aredone.# What are the different functional units in 8086? - Bus Interface Unit and Execution unit, are the two different functional units in 8086.# Give examples for Micro controller? - Z80, Intel MSC51 &96, Motorola are the b

est examples of Microcontroller.# What is meant by cross-compiler? -A program runs on one machine and executes on another is called as cross-compiler.# What are the address lines for the hardware interrupts? -#RST 7.5 003C HRST 6.5 0034 HRST 5.5 002C HTRAP 0024 H# Which Segment is used to store interrupt and subroutine return address registers? - Stack Segment insegment register is used to store interrupt and subroutinereturn address registers.# Which Flags can be set or reset by the programmer and also used to control the

operation of the processor? - Trace Flag, Interrupt Flag, Direction Flag.# What does EU do? - Execution Unit receives program instruction codes and datafrom BIU, executes these instructions and store the result in general registers.# Which microprocessor accepts the program written for 8086 without any changes?- 8088 is that processor.# What is the difference between 8086 and 8088? - The BIU in 8088 is 8-bit databus & 16- bit in 8086.Instruction queue is 4 byte long in 8088and 6 byte in 8086.31) What is the difference between min mode and max mode of 8086?