Nanotechnology for Energy Production

AMAN TAKSHAKU-73892535

INTRODUCTIONMaterials with size below 100 nm compared with a human hair

More precisely nano-particle can be characterized by the following illustrations- Nano-meter is one thousand millionth of a meter. Red blood cell is approximately 7,000 nm wide Water molecule is almost 0.3nm across

Nanotechnology enabled material carbon nano-tubes nano-composite structures nano-particles of a particular substance

Nanotechnology process nano-patterning quantum dots for medical imaging

Materials can be produced that are nano-scale in one dimension .Example very thin surface coatings in two dimensions . Example, nano-wires and nano-tubes in all three dimensions . Example, nano-particles

 

 

CLASSIFICATION(A)0D spheres and clusters(B) 1D nano-fibers, wires, and rods(C)2D films, plates, and networks(D) 3D nano-materials

SIGNIFICANCE• Nano-phased particles are more ductile at elevated temperatures as

compared to the coarse-grained ceramics. • Nano-structured semiconductors show various non-linear optical properties.• Nano-structured semiconductors are used as window layers in solar cells.• Nano-sized metallic powders used for the production of gas tight materials,

dense parts and porous coatings. • Nano-structured metal-oxide thin films are receiving a growing attention for

the realization of gas sensors.• Nano-structured metal-oxide (MnO2) used in rechargeable batteries for cars

or consumer goods. • Nano-crystalline silicon films for highly transparent contacts in thin film

solar cell • Nano-structured titanium oxide porous films for its high transmission and

strong absorption in dye sensitized solar cells.

NANO-MATERIAL PROPERTIESMechanical properties large grain boundaries allows grain boundaries extension leading to high

plasticityCatalytic properties The large surface on nano particles made of thermal element oxides exhibit

interesting catalytic properties.Magnetic propertieso Energy pertaining to magnetic anisotropy may be very small as the vector of

magnetization fluctuates thermally which is known as super-magnetism.o Combining particles with high energy of anisotropy with super-magnetic ones leads

to a new class of permanent magnetic materials Optical propertieso distributions of non-agglomerated nano-particles in a polymer are used to tune the

index of refraction.o Gold as will as Cadmium nano-particles as well as semi-conducting nano-particles

exhibit fluroscence showing blue shift decreasing particle size.Electrical propertieso bulk materials have their electrical conductivity based on their electronic band

structures and the mean free path between two collisions with the lattice.

NANO-MATERIAL PROPERTIES(cont.)Strength and elasticity oBelieved to have high strength fibers and single

walled nano-tubes are in some cases stiffer than steelo applications such as high resolution scanning probe

microscopy.

High aspect ratiooHigh aspect ratio means that a lower loading of nano-

materials needed compared to other conductive additives to achieve the same electrical conductivity.

oNano-materials have excellent additives in order to impart electrical conductivity in plastics

oHigh aspect ratio, about 1000:1 imparts electrical conductivity at lower loadings

METHODS FOR CREATING NANOSTRUCTURES •Mechanical Grinding•Wet chemical Synthesis•Gas Condensation Processing •Chemical Vapour Condensation•Laser ablation

INDUSTRIES ADOPTING NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN ENERGY SECTOR

Food sector• Nano capsules improve bioavailability in cooking oils• Nano-capsules for delivery of pesticides, fertilizers and vaccines• Modified permeation in behavior of foils• Bind and remove chemicals or pathogens from food.Environment• Used to make battery recycling economically attractive• Clear up waste water• Check oil spills for instance the gulf of Mexico spill in 2010Energy• High voltage transfer in grid lines • Wireless transmission by laser and micro-waves• Wear and corrosion protection of engine components• Used in super conductors for temperature resistant interface

design

INDUSTRIES ADOPTING NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN ENERGY SECTOR

Automotive Industry• Polymer glazing for car exterior as well as ultra thin layer and

electro chromatic layers.• GMR sensors and fuel cells for sensors • Piezo –injectors as fuel insertion devices• Nano filters and anti glare coating for car interior

Construction• Carbon nano-tubes – Expected benefits are mechanical

durability and crack prevention • Silicon dioxide nano-particles  coolant, light transmission, and

fire resistance (in ceramics); flame-proofing and anti-reflection (in windows).

• Titanium dioxide nano-particles super hydrophilicity, anti-fogging, and fouling-resistance (in windows); non-utility electricity generation (in solar cells).

• Iron oxide nano-particles – Expected benefits are increased compressive strength and abrasion-resistant in concrete.

SUMMARY Nano-technology would bring our society for better

living conditions for all man kind.

• With the break through in health the human life span can be extended up-to 150 years

• The improved technology in agriculture could eventually eliminate famine.

• Dust size computers are now possible with nano technology which will have much more powerful impact than current computers.

• Needle tip size robots can perform surgeries inside human body as good as removing cancer cells

• Robots with artificial intelligence can do complex functions which are beyond man.

• Application in space which can increase the area of expanse and reach of spacecrafts.

Introduction