micro biolog 1

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Microbiology Agriculture And Forest Biotechnology

Cell Biology Environmental Biotechnology

Molecular Biophysics Plant Secondary Metabolites

Development Biology Production Of Recombinant Molecules

Immunology Industrial Biotechnology

Instrumentation and computercourse

Genome Analysis

Energy Resources And Utilization Plant Biotechnology

Biochemistry I Animal Biotechnology

Thermodynamics Of Biological

SystemsMedical Biotechnology

Molecular GeneticsFundamentals Of Bioinformation And

Nanotechnology

Diary And Food Technology Plant Tissue Culture And Biotechnology

Bioresource And Waste

ManagementProfessional Communication Skills

Biochemistry - II Industrialization And Entrepreneurship

Disseration Based On Lab And Field Work

MICROBIOLOGY

BT 101

Note : Question No. 1 shall consist of question requiring short answers and shall coverentire paper.

The paper is divided into four sections. Students are required to attempt five question in

all, selecting not more than one question from each section. All question carry equal

marks

Section A

General introduction : Microbial diversity and taxonomy. Prokaryotes. Types ofMicroorganisms.

Classification : Haeckel's three kingdom concept, Whitakers five kingdom concept .

Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, Basic Concept in Taxonomy

Characteristics and structure of microbes:Alage, fungi,mycoplasma, Viruses

Protozoanes and Helminthes

Section B

Bacteriology :Morphology and ultra structure of bacterio-morphological types, Cell
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Wall-Archaebacteria, gram negtive ,grma positive, Structure and function of cilis

chromosome,carboxysomes, plasmids, Bacterial spores, structure,formation and

germination.Diversity of bacterial nutriton: Autotrophics,heterorophic,bacterial genetics plasmids

nonconjugatives,metabolizable,resistance

Section C

Gene transfer in bacteria : Conjugation, transformation, transduction.

Growth microbial population : Batch culture of microbes, Simple continuous culture ofmicrobes,growth curve aerobic and anaerobic growth,effect of environment on microbial

growth: temperature,pH, radiation and atmosphere.

Enumeration of microbes:Cluture media, total cell count isolation,classification and

identification of microbes,bacteria-selective culture technique,fungi-culture techniques,virus-plaque assays,animal culture,tissue culture.

Section D

Microbial Metabolism : Metabolic pthways and bioenergetics,production of seconderymetabolites and their application in industry microbial products.

Food Microbiology: Overall general idea, spoilage & preservation.

Environmental Microbiology: Recycling of biomaterials production of Biogas.Leaching

ones by microorganisms, bio fertilisers, bio pesticide,pollution control through use of

consortium of microorganisms

Book :

1. Microbial Physiology, 4th ed. by Alber G.Moat & John W.Foster Wileyliss.

2. Microbiology by Pelczar M.J. Chan ECS & Krieg NR-Tata McGraw Hill.

3. Foundation in Microbiology by Talaro K, Talaro A, Cassida Plezar and ReidW.C.Brown Pub.

4. Microbiology by nester

5. General Microbiology by R.Y. Stanier6. General Microbiology by predcott.

7. General Microbiology by Brock.

8. Food Microbiology by Frazier

Other Books

Introductory Microbiology .F.C. Ross,Columbus Charles E. Metrill. Modern Concept of Microbiology H.D. Kumar and S Kumar Vikas Publishing House,

New Delhi. Microbiology: M.J. Pelczar ,C.E.C. Sun and N.R. Krieg, Tata McGraw Hill, New

Delhi Microbiology :K.L. Burdon and R.P Williams, Mcmillan Worth Publishers Microbiology B.D. Davis et al. Harper and row Publishers. Microbiology E.W. Nester et al. Sunders International edition . Principles of fermentation Technology : P.F. Stanbury and A Whittaker , Pegamon

Press. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology : A.J. Salle, Tata McGraw HillPracticalBased on theory


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CELL BIOLOGY

Note : Question No 1 shall consist of questions requiring short answers and shall cover

entire paper. The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt fivequestions in all, selectiong not more than one questions from each section. All questions

carry equal marks.

Section A

The Cell structural Organisation : Development of cell theory, Eukaryotic cells, the

mucleus and cell cycle (Mitosis and meiosis). The ultra structure of the cytoplasmic

reticulum & Golgi complex,membrane organelles, mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosome ,

peroxisomes.

Section B

Transport Across Cell Memberance :Molecular organization of cell membrane, passive

and active transport, Na-K pump,Ca2+ATPase pumps, Lysosmal and Vacuolar membraneATP dependent proton pumps, Co-transport into prokaryotic cells, endocytosis and

exocytosis, entry of viruses and toxins into cells.

Receptors and models of extra cellular signalling : Cytosolic, nuclear and membrancebound receptors, examples of receptors, autocrine,paracrine and endocrine model of

action.

Section C

Single Tranduction: Singal amplification, different model of signal amplifications,

cyclic AMP,role of inositol phosphatase messangers, Biosynthesis of inositol

triphosphatases, cyclic GMP and Glycoproteins in signal tranduction, Calcium models of

signal amplification, phosphorylation, three dimensional cultures.

Book :

1. Cell & Molecular Biology by De Robertis, Lea and Febiger

2. Cell & Molecular Biology by H.Baltimore, WH Freeman3. Cell & Biology by Kimball T.W. Wesley Pub.

MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS

BT- 103

Note : Question No. 1 shall consist of question requiring short answers and shallcover entire paper. The Paper is divided into four section. Student are required to

attemtp five questions in all selecting not more than one questions from each

section. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A

Introduction : Levels of molecular organization, Amino acids, Electroylytes,

Composition of primary structures of proteins. Nucleic acids.

Structure of Carbohydrates, Lipids, cofactors, vitamins and hormones.
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Section B

Ramachandran or steric contour diagram and potential energy calculation ofproteins, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions. ionic interactions,

dissulphide bonds and their role in protein structure.

Secondery Structural elements and organization of tertiary structure of porteins,helix-coil transition and zipper model, method for structural elucidation, X-ray

crystallography.

General features and thermodynamic aspects or protein folding.

Section C

General characteristics of nucleic acid structure, backbone rotation angles and

steric hindrances, conformational properties of bases, stabilizing order formsstacking interactions, A,B,and type doublehelices.

TRNA structure, tetriay structure,higher organization of DNA, protein nucleic,

studies of bilayer structure and function, order disorder transitions.

Section D

Interforces transport across membranes (the Nerst Planks approach end ratetheory of transport).

Photochemical and photobiological phenomena, mechanism of photosynthesis,

vision,absorption and fluorescene

Text/Reference :

1. C.R. Cantor and P.R. Schermer, Biophysical chemistry (Parts 1 and 3).

W.H. Freeman, 1980).

2. G.Schuiz and R H Shrimer, Principles of Protein Structure SpnngerVerlag,1984

3. W. Saenger, Principles of Nucleic acid Structure.

4. B L. Siler, Physical Chemistry of mamberanes: An Introduction to thestructure and dynamics of biological membranes Allen and Unviks and the

Solomon Press, 1985.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

BT-201Note : Question No 1 shall consist of questions requiring short answers and shall

cover entire paper. The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to

attempt five questions in all, selectiong not more than one questions from eachsection. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A

Plant development, plant versus animal development, development of plant
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embryo, development of seeding, shoot apex organization vegetative and floral

apex, root, shoot,leaf and flower development Programmed cell death,ageing and

senescence.

Section B

Genes and their role in devlopment, signal tranduction in development, celldivision cycle, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix:

Unicellular models, sporulation in Bacillus subtilis,mating type switching in yeast

aggregation and culmination in Dicyostelium discordeum

Section C

Sex gametes and fertilization, germ line speciation, germ cell migration,

gametogenesis, gastrulation in invertebrate and vertebrate,cell, lineage, Axisspecification in vertebrates, fate of ectoderm,measoderm and endoderrn.

Section D

Cell differentiation mechanism and factors affecting it developmental gradient inhydra, axial gradients in Drosophild development.Orgaogenesis in invertebrates

and vertebrates.

Books :

R M. Twyman 2001 Development Biology. Viva Books private Ltd. New Delhi

Gilbert S. 1997 Development Biology, 6th edition, seneaur AssociateInc. Slack JMV 1991, From egg to embryo, Second edition Cambridge University

Press U.K.

Wolpert L. 1997 Principles of Development. Oxford Unversity Press. Oxford

University.

IMMUNOLOGY

BT - 202

Note : Question No 1 shall consist of questions requiring short answers and shall

cover entire paper. The paper is divided into four sections. Student are required to

attempt five questions in all, selectiong not more than one questions from each

section. All questions carry equal marks.

Section - A

1. Historical Background : Humoral and Cellular components of the immune

system.Innate Immunity. Skin and mucosal surface, PhysiologicalBarriers,Phagocytic Barrers,Inflammation, Adaptic immunity. Immune

Dysfunction and its consequences; Allergy and Asthma,

2. Cells and Organs of Immune System :Lymphoid cells: Stem cells, B and T

Lymphocytes, Natural killer cells, Mononuclear phagocytes. Granulocytic cells.

Organs. Thymus Bone Marrow,Lymphatic System, Lymph nodes spleen

Section -B


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1. Antigens-Antibody Interaction : Antigenss Structure, properties, types,

Epitopes, Haptens, Antibodies:Structure and functionAntibody mediated functions

Antibody classes and biological Activites

Monoclonal AnibodiesAntigen-Antibody Interaction :Preciptation reaction

AgglutinationRadioimmunoassay ;ELSIA

western Blotting

Major Histocompatibility Complex

General Stucture and function of MHCMHC Molecules and genes

Antigen Processing and presentation

T-Cell receptors

T-Cell Maturation and DifferentitationB-Cell Generation, Activation & Differentiation

Section C

3. Immune Effector Mechanism Cytokinesis (Properties,receptors,antagnoists &

secretion) The complent system (functions, components, aciation regulation anddeficiencies.

Cell mediated effector responses : Cytotoxics T-Cells, natural killed cells,

antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicty.

Inflammation Hypersensitive reaction (Type I,II,III and displayed type(DTH).

Section D

Immunology in Health & Disease viral, bacterial and protozoan Vaccines AIDSand other immunodeficiencies

Transplantation and Autoimmunity : Orange specific autoimmune

diseases,systemic autoimmune diseases.Graft refelection, evidence andmechanism of graft rejection prevention of graft rejection, immunosuppressive

drugs, hla and diseases,mechanism of immunity to tumor antigens.Autoimmune in

human pathogenic mechanism , experimental models of autoimmundence

disease ,treatment of autoimmune disorders.

Reference Books :

5. Roitt, I, Essential immunology, Blackwell Se Pub. Oxford. III ed.

6. Benjamin E and Leskowitz S. Immunology a short course Wiley Liss NY,to 1991

7. Richard A. Goldshy et.al. Immunology, 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman and Ce.,

NY 2003.8. Pravesh C.Sen Gupta, Clinical Immunology. Oxford India, 2003, (2 vols.).

9. Kuby J. Immunology, II ed (1994) W.H. Freeman and Co. NY

10. Klans D.Elgret (1996), Immunology-understanding of immune System.

Wiley-Liss.NY


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11. Topley and Wilson's (1995) Text Book on Principles of

Bacteriology,virology and immunology, IX Ed. Edward Arnold, London.

INSTRUMENTATION AND COMPUTER COURSE

BT 203 :

Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short answers and

shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into four sections. Student are

required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one questionfrom each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section - A

General principles; buffers,electroanalytical methods: potentiometric and

conductometric;photometry;

Nature and stability of biochemical metabolites,physical/chemical/biologicaltechniques metablites, physical/chemical/biological techniques used in assay of

biotechnology products, Principels and application of analytical instruments inbiotechnology.

Section - B

Chromatographic methods of separationgel permeation, ion exchange,reversephase and affinity chromatrography, HPLC and FPLC:

Centrifugation; radiotracer technique, gel, electrophoresis techniques.

Section - C

Analysis of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid, biosensor and

diagnostics. On line bioprocess instrumentation and computer aided analysis.Section - D

Basic of computer: Programming,language C.

Workong Knowledege of window 1997 onwords, Windows 2003. Excel,Powerpoint Presentations. Use of scanners for preparation of reports.

Internet awareness. Conversant with e Journals and books. Retrieval of electronic

resources through Internet.

Texts/References:

12. D.Holem and H.Peck; Analytical Biochemistry. Longmam, 1983

13. T.G. Cooper ; The Tools of Blochemistry.Wiley Inter-Science. 1997

14. R. Scopes, Portein Purification : Principels and Practices Springer Verlag1982

15. Selected reading from methods in Enzymology, Academic Press.

16. Mano, M.M. Computer System Architecture 2nd prentics Hall of India,New Delhi

17. Dhamdhere,D.M.,"Introduction to System Software, Tata McGraw

Hill,New Delhi


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ENERGY RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION

BT - 301



required to attempt five questions in all, selecting not more than one question

from each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section - A

o Introduction :Nature : crude and bio-crude,Synthetic fuels and theirmanufacture, Bio-fuels and their synthesis History Properties of coal,

Agriwaste as bio-fuels. Briquetiing

o Environmental audit. Carbon sequestration. Carbon credits.

Section - B

o Gasifrom Coal: Gasification technologies, Steam/Oxygen and Stem /Air

Gasification; Hydrogasification and Catalytic gasification UndergroundGasification.

o BiofuielsBiomass production, Biofuel resource production and

improvement of biofuels,Solid, liquid biofuels,hydrocarbons from plants,biodiesel, bio-ethanol, non-edidble oils as bio-fuel resources. Euro I,II,III

standards of the fuel.

Section - C

o Conversion Fundamentals : Pyrolysis including vacuum pyrolysis;Gasification,Gas shift and synthesis; Direct Liquefaction;Comparison of

synthetic Fuel and bio-fuels.

o Conversion Ethanol production technologies; biochemical

conversion;thermal Conversion .Catalysts: Environmental Aspects-Environmental effect and their measure; Air pollution control water

Management. Solid waste disposal .

Section - D

1. Economic and Perspective :Large Scale productionand convertion technology

for the bio-fuel resources bio-refineries. Economic considerations resources

process and product considrations. Industrial furances used in Chemical Process


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Industry. Fuels for the future , Hybrid fuels and economy.

Text/Reference Books :

1. Probstein R.F. and Hi11,NY.2. Sarkar ,S Fuels and Combustion, 2nd Ed., Orient Longman, 1990

BIOCHEMISTRY I

BT-302





Section - A

1. Concept of life and living Processes - The identifying characteristics of a

living matter.

2. Cell membrane System and Cell wall: Cell Memberane and its

Organization ; Elementory idea of cellular constituents: Nucleus,

Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosomes and

Micrabodies; Bacterial and Plant Cell walls.

Section - B

1. Important properties of water, the law of mass action association of water

and its ionic product, pH Bronsted acids, ionization of week acids and

Henderson Haeselbatch equation, Titration Curves,buffering action andphysiological buffers.

2. Biomolecules :The small molecules of life- Sugars, Organic acids, amino

acids and nucleotides Macromolecule of life polysaccharides, fats, porteins

and nucleic acids, General idea of primary,secondary, tretiary and

quaternary structures

Section - C

1. Nucleus and Heredity: Nuclear rnernbrane; Nucleolus; Nuclear pores;

Chromosomes; Packing of DNA; DNA as Genetic material ; DNA

replication- basic concept : From Dna to Rna: Ribosomes and protein

synthesis.2. Mitochondria and Release of Energy : Structure , organization and

function;Elementry account of Glycolysis and Krebs cycle and role of

mitochondria in the later process.

Section - D

1. Chloroplats:Capturing energy from the sun :Structure organization and

function; Basic information on 'light' and 'dark' reactions of photosynthesis


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and participation of chloroplast in the process in C3+C4 and CAM plants.

2. Enzymes : Nomenclature and classifaction, co-enzymes and co-factors,

reaction and derivation of Mchaelis-Menten equation kinetics and allosteric

regulation of enzymes, isozymes; mode of catalysis.

3. Vitamins : Their structure, properties and biological structures.

Suggested readings:

3. Lehninger, Albert L. 1978. Biochemistry., M/s Worth Publishers Inc.

New York.

4. Lehninger, Albert L. 1978. Princples of Biochemistry., M/s Worth

Publishers Inc,, New York.

5. Mattews & Van Holde, 2nd Biochemistry.,Benjamin Cummings Pub.

Co.

6. Styer, L.,4th Ed. Biochemistry

7. Rawn, 1989 Biochemistry

8. Voet & Voet, 1991 Biochemistry

References :

Biochemistry Lehninger

Biochemistry Stures & Cohen

Biochemistry Voet and Voet

Biochemistry Garrett & Grasim

THERMODYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

BT - 303





Section -A

9. Thermodynamics of cellular processes - New concepts for

quantitative bioprocess research and development

10.First and Second laws of thermodynamics, activity coefficientsand phase equilibrium, biological system as open, non-

equilibrium system , failure of classical (closed, equilibrium).

Section -B


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11. Thermodynamics in describing biological processes

Thermodynamics concepts for irreversible biological

processes, concept of thermodynamics flux. & force concept of

entropy production , constructive equations, reciprocal

relations, prigogines prigogines principle.

Section -C

Concept of cupling in biological processors thermodynamics

of coupled biochemical reactions, cells as non equilibrium

stationary state, non-equilibrium thermodynamics of passive

and active transport, prigogine -curie law,

Section -D

Thermodynamics analysis of oxidative phosphorylation,

stability of none-equilibrium stationery states, giycolytic

oscillations, biological clock.

MOLECULAR GENETICS

BT-401

NoteQuestion No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short

answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided

into four sections. Student are required to attempt five

questions in all, selecting not more than one question from

each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

1. Macromolecular Synthesis; Chromosome structure and

replication - DNA structure, DNA replication, , Replication of

bacterial chromosome .

2. Gene Expression - Genetic code and its feature Deciphering

of Gene code.


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Section -B

3. RNA structure and function, Transcription, ribosome post

of mRNA,rRNA, tRNA reverse transcription

ribosomestructure.4. Translation details of protein synthesis, regulation of

protein synthesis with 'Lac' poeron as rnodel, inhibition of

translation post translation, modification of the protein

Section -C

1. Mution elementary concept; types of mutations; Point

mutations (Base pair change, frame shift ,deletion, etc)2. Plasmids : Properties ( Replication, function of on

regions incompability)

3. Plasmid Genetics: Plasmid cloning vactors

-Cinjugtion (Gene transfer choromosome transfer by

plsmids)

- transformation

- Bacteriophage- transposition & Non homologous

recombination

Section -D

4. Recombinant DNA techniques and cloning

-Restriction endonunucleases and recombinant DNA

-DNA cloning with restraction endonucleases

-Cloning bacterial genes

- Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)

-Genomic and cDNA library

Books :

5. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria by Larry Synder and

wendy Champness ASM Press, Washington, 1997.

6. Genetics by Goodenough U, Hold Saunders Inter-

National ,1985.


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7. Principles of Genetics by Gardener ,E.j, Simmons M.J.

Siustd DP.

8. Genes VIII by Benjamin Lewin, Oxford Univ. Press,

Oxford, NY, 1994

9. Molecular Biology by Freirelder D. joners & Barilett

Pub. Inc.

DIARY AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY

BT - 402

Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring

short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is

divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt five

questions in all, selecting not more than one question from

each section. All question carry equal marks.

Section -A

10.Microbial role in food processes, operation and

production new protein foods- mushroom, food yeasts,

algal proteins

11.Fermentation as a method for preparing and perserving

foods. food additives like coloring flavours and

vitamins.

12.Organisms and their use for production of fermented

foods and beverages: Picking, alcoholic beverages,

cheese, sourkrat, idli, vinegar

Section -B

13.Deoxygenating and desugaring by glucose oxidase, beer

mashing and chill proofing or cheese making by proteas


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in and various other enzyme catalytic action in food

processing Classification of fruit juice.

14.Post harvest technology and process of food

preservation.

Section -C

1. Milk : Defination, composition, chemical and functional

properities of milk components : physicochemical properties

of milk protein, aggregation of Casein, micelles, factors

affecting milk compsition, milk secretion and lactation.

2. Micro-organisms : Importance in dairy science and technology

. Microbial spoilage of milk, hydrolytic rancidity in milk and milk

product, autooxidation of milk fats and effects on milk quality.Section -D

3. Milk processing operation : Milk pasteurization,

Homogenization & Sterilization. Effect of processing of milk

component and their functional properties.

4. Skimming of milk, Cream & Cream charecteristics,

manufacture of yoghurt and other fermented milk product Ice

cream manufacture, Butter making technology, technology of

cheese and processing of concentrated milks and dried milk

powder. 5. Milk quality control, sanitation in the dairy plant,

adulteration of milk, dairy equipment maintenance and waste

disposal.

Books

15.Frizer, Food Microbiology, THM Publications.

16.Heller. Genettic Engineering of food: Detection of Genetic

Modifications, Wiley Publications.

17.Lel A. et. al. Microorganism & Fermentations - N.Y.

Chemical. Rehm, Biotechnology set Wiley Publication

18.Keshav Trehan Biotechnology, 'New Age International PvtLtd.,2002

BIORESOURCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT


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BT- 403

Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short

answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into

four sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all,

selecting not more than one question from each section. All

question carry equal marks.

Section -A

1.General : Bioresources : Biomass of food, fuels and chemical

2.Biodiversity : and its characterization, use of Global positioning

system in bioresource management. Problems associated with

solid waste Disposal

3. Generation of Solid Wastes : Goals and objectives of solid

waste management, classifaction of solid waste. Solid waste

generation factors influencing Genertion of solid waste.

characteristics of solid waste, analysis of solid waste

Section -B

4. Onsite Handling, Storage and Processing : Public Health and

Aesthetics onsite Handiing, onsite Storage, Dustbins. Community

Containers, Container Locations, Onsite Processing Methods.

5. Solid waste collection, transfer and transport : Collection

System equipment and labour requirment, collection routes,

options for transfer and transport systems.6. Processing and Disposal methods : Processing techniniques

and methods of disposal, sanitary land filling, composting and

incineration, Bioremediation.

7. Recovery of resources, conversion products and

energy: Material,recovery, energy generation and recovery

operation reuse in other industry

Section -D

8. Industrial solid waste :Nature, treatment and disposal

methods.9. Biowaste including medical waste : Disposal and safety

regulations.

Text/References :


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19.G. Techobanogious, H. Theisen and R. Blassen- Solid

waste engineering, Principles and Management issue,

McGraw Hill Book Co., New York 77.

20.C.L. Mantell, Solid Waste Management John Wiley, New

york, 1975

21.Bhide and Sundershen, Solid waste Management in

Developing Counteries .

Books :

22.Molecular Genetics of Bacteria by Larry Synder and

Wendy Champness. Asm Press, Washington, 1997.

23.Genetics by Goodenugh U. Hold Saunders International,

1985

24.Principles of Genetics by Garener, E.j., Simmons M.J.

Slustad DP

25.Genes VI Benjamin Lewin, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

NY, 1994.

26.Molecular Biology by Freifelder D., Jones & Barilett Pub.

Inc.

BIOCHEMISTRY - II






Section -A

27.Bioenergetics : First and second laws of thermodynamics

and concept of free energy, high-energy phosphate

compounds28.Carbohydrate methabolism : Glycolysis, Kreb's ycle

pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxylate cycle,

glycogenolysis and glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis,

Anaerobic respiration and basics of fermentation.

Section -B


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29.Lipid metabolism : Biosynthesis of odd and even carbon

saturated and Unsaturted Fatty acids formation of ketone

bodies, biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, membrane

phospholipids, cholestrol and steroids.

Section -C

30.Protein metabolism Metabolic fate of amino group,

transamination and deamination, decarboxylation and

oxidative degradation of amino acid, Nitrogen excretion

and urea cycle.

Section -D

31. Nucleic acid metabolism : Biosynthesis and break downof purine & pyrimidine nucleotide by De novo and salvage

pathway.

32.Phosphours and sulphur regulation

33.Metabolic regulation

Books :

Principles of Biochemistry : Lehniger, 3rd ed. McMilklan

Biochemistry: G. Zubay

Biochemistry : Stryer, 5th ed., 2001, W.H. Freeman

Biochemistry : Garret and Grasirii Pub. Somders College

AGRICULTURE AND FOREST BIOTECHNOLOGY




selecting not more than one question from each section. Allquestion carry equal marks.

BT 502

Section -A


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34.Conventional methods for forest trees and agricultural

crops. Crop improvement : Pedegree breeding, Heterosis

breeding, Mutation breeding,

35.Tissue culture in crop improvement Micropropagation ; for

virus-free plants. Somaclonal variation, Somatic

hybridization, haploids in plant breeding.

Section -B

36.Genetic engineering for increasing crop productivity by

manipulation of photosynthesis, Nitrogen fixation, Nutrient

uptake efficiency

37.Genetic engineering for biotic stress tolerance. Insects,

fungi, bacteria, viruses, weeds.

Section -C

38.Genetic engineering for biotic stress Drought, flooding, salt

and tempereture.

39.Genetic engineering for quality improvement. Protein,

lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins & mineral nutrients

Section -D

40.Plants as bioreactor

41.Molecular breeding, Constructing molecular maps.

Molecular tagging of genetictraits. Marker- assisted

selection of qualitative and quantittave traits. Physical maps

of chromosome .the concept of gene synteny the concept of

map- based cloning and their use in transgenics

Books

42.H.J.J Nijkamp & LHW van der Plan (1990), Program in

plant Cellular & mol. Biol. Kluwer Academic press

Dordrecht.

43.Sharma B. (1995) Gen. Res & Education , Society of

Genetic & Plani Breedings, New Delhi

44.Simmonds N.W. 1979 Principles of Crop Improvement

Longman, London and New York

45.Sharma J.R. 1994 Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding

Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co.,Ltd.. New Delhi.


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52.Process strategies for Bioremediation through microbes and

plant. Bioremediation by industries, impact for process in

global Bioremediation industry, exploiting microbial

metabolism Bioremediation of organic contaminants, heavy

metals and nitrogenous wastes.

Section -D

53.Waste disposal and management, legislation of

environmental problems, microbiological and biochemical

aspects of waste water treatment processes, microbial strain

improvement with view to develop scavengers,

bioremediation.

Reference:

54.J. Winter, Environmental Processes I-III, 2nd Ed., WileyPublications.

55.Metcalf Eddy - Waste water Biotechnology.

56.Ted Munn, Encyclopaedia of Global Environmental

Changes, 5 Vol. Set Wiley Publications.

57.Metcalf Eddy - Waste water Engineering - 3rd ed., THM

publications.

58.R.S. Ramalho - Introduction to waste water treatment

PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

BT - 601





question carry equal marks.Section -A

59.Introduction, secondry plant products in nature and their

occurrence, type and uses. Basic tools and techniques used

in isolation and separation.


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Section -B

60.Production in vitro- optimization selection effect of

metabolism on secondary metabolite- production,

production under stress factors.

61.Production of alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Mechanism

and control by different factors, detoxification of secondary

metabolites.

Section -C

62.Production of secondary metabolites by bioconversion

genetic transformation for production of secondary

metabolite. Large scale production in bioreactor.

Commercial production of secondary metabolites using cell

cultures. Use of biorectors, immobilized cells.

Biotransformation. Applications and limitations.

Cryopreservation and ex situ conservation of germplasm.

Microbial secondary metabolites, their occurrence types

and uses.

Section -D

63.Sources and type of antitumor compounds, food additives

and insecticides.

64.Products obtained in traditional medicinal systems and their

significance in plant biotechnology

65.Biotechnological approach on production of secondary

metabolites e.g. ginkolides from cell cultures of Ginkgo

biloba L.

66.Use of immobilized cell svstems for the production of

industrially important chemicals

67.Genetic regulation of metabol. Gene expression in response

to environmental stimuli, Regulation of gene expression

68.Analysis of metabolic control and the structure metabolic.

BOOK RECOMMENDED :

69.Secondary Metabolites- K G.Ramawat .Oxford Press.

Reprint 2000


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PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT MOLECULES

Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring shortanswers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided into




Section -A

70.Introduction to gene cloning, tools and enzymes used in

gene manipulation.Restriction enzymes, DNA ligases,

DNA Polymerase Reverse Transcriptase, Polynucleotide

kinease, End labeling and other processes used in rDNAtechnology

71.Major cloning vehicle and their applications-Plasmid

vectors, cosmid, Phagemid, Phage vectors, Transposons.

Section -B

72.Making of genomic and DNA libraries, their screening and

major application

73.Production of transgenic Microbes and their application in

Biotechnology74.Production of transgenic Animals and their application in

Biotechnology

75.Production of transgenic Plant and their application in

Biotechnology

Section -C

76.Requirement of recombinant molecules: in health,

pharmaceutical, agriculture and industrial sectors in

research laboratories, criteria of purity.77.Rationale for the design of vectors for the over expression

of recombinant proteins, selection of suitable promoter

sequences, ribosome binding sites, transcription terminator,

fusion protein tags, purification tags, protease cleavage

sites and enzymes plasmid copy number, inducible

expression system.


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Section -D

78.Over expression conditions, production of inclusion bodies,

solubilizatin insoluble proteins, Purification protocols and

upscaling

79.Determination of purity and activity of over expressed

protein.

80.Expeirments using model systems E.coli, Yeast,

Baculovirus. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Practicals :

81.Genomic DNA isolation

82.electrophoresis of DNA

83.Isolation of RNA

84.Isolation of Plasmid

85.Restriction digestion

86.To prepare absorption spectra of nucleic acid

87.Quantification of DNA by DPA method.

88.Quantification of RNA by orcinol method

89.Determination of Tm value

90.PCR analysis

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

91.Gene Cloning : T.A. Brown, 4th Ed, Print 2001

92.Gene VII : Benzamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, 1st

Ed. Print 2003

93.From genes to Clones : Winacker, 1st Ed. Print 2003.

Panirna Publishing Crop.

94.From genes to Genomes : Dale and Schantz, John Wiley

and Sons, Print 2002

95.Gene manipulation : Old and Primrose, Blackwell Science,

Print 2001

96.Molecular Biotechnology : Glick and Pasternak, ASM

Press.

INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


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BT - 603

Section -A

97.Introduction, Classification of Microbial product, Microbial

Process for production of organic acids, solvents,

antibiotics, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments and

aroma.

98.Equipments and Accessories for industrial processes,

Stability of Enzymes, Enzymes stabilization by selection

and genetic engineering, protein engineering.

99.Reaction Environment rebuilding, Chemical modification,

intramolecular cross linking, immobilization.

100. Application of enzymes in industey, analytical

purpose and medical therapeutic.

Section -B

101. Microbial production of therapeutic agents:

Pharmaceuticals - Isolation of interferon, cDNAs;Engineering human interferon and human growth hormone;

optimizing gene expression. Enzymes - DNAase I and

Alginate lyase against ctstic fibrosis. Monoclonal antibody

as therapeutic agent - Production of antibodies in E. coil,

HIV therapeutic agents.

102. Vaccines: Subunit vaccine- Herpes simplex virus,

Foot and mouth disease, Tuberculosis, Peptide vaccines,

Genetic immunization, Attenuated vaccines - Vector

Vaccines.

Section -C

103. Synthesis of commercial product by recombinant

microorganisms : Restriction endonucleases, Small

biomolecules - L- Ascorbic acid, indigo, amino acids,

Antibiotics, Biopolymers.


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104. Biorecombination and biomass utilization Microbial

degradation of xenobiotics; Commercial production of

fructose and alcohol; Silage fermentation, Utilization of

cellulose.

105. Economically important primary and secondary

metabolites. Production of Single cell protein from

carbohydrates, n-alkanes, methane and methanol for use in

food and feed. Liquid and gaseous fuel.

106. Production of beer wine, vinegar and distilled

beverages, Microbial food production.

Books Recommended :

107. Industrial Microbiology : Casida, Newage

Publication, 2001.

108. Industrial Microbiology : Prescott and Dunn, CBS

Publicatins 4th ED., 1999.

109. Enzymes : Trevor, Horwood, 2001

110. Gene Manipulation : Old and Primrose, Blackwell

Science. Print 2001

111. Protein Engineering : Lilia Alberghina, Harvard

Academy, 2003

112. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology : Vyas and Dixit,

CBS Publications, 1999

113. Recombinant DNA : Waston and Gilman, ScientificBook, 2nd Ed., 2001.

114. Molecular Biotechnology : Glick & Pasternak, ASM

Press

GENOME ANALYSIS

BT - 701Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring short





Section -A


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PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT- 702






Section -A

130. Tools of Plant biotechnology : Inducible geneexpression systems as tools for plant functional genomics,

Somatic embryogenesis System and artificial seed

production.

131. Plant genetic transformation : Methods and emerging

trends. Screening procedures. Micropropagation - Seed

versus soma, Use of micropropagation in multiplication of

specific genotypes, rare and/ or improved varieties,

endangered species , hardening of Micropropagated plants

& their transfer to soil.

Section -B

132. Micropropagation methods for the following

category of plants (one example for each category) -

(a)Floriculture, (b)Horticulture, (c) Medicinal and

ornamental plant , (d) Cereal, pulse, oilseed and fiber crops,

(e) Forest trees, fruit trees- Problems in propagating trees

namely system systemic contaminates, phenolic leaching,

seasonal variation in respons to genotypic

recalcitrance.Designing new plant genotypes with enhancedresistance to salinity.

Section -C

133. The engineering of recombinant plastids in higher

plants.


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134. Isolated Microspore Embryogenesis in cereals :

Aspects and prospects.

135. In vitro propagatation of tropicl and sub-tropical

fruit crops.

136. Application of biotechnology : in Indian ginseng

(Ashwagandha).

137. Ornamental foliage plants : improvemint through

biotechnology.

138. Wild species of Oryza as an important reservoir of

useful alleles.

139. In vitro propagation of tropical and sub-tropical fruit

crops. Genetic transformations of foodgrains, legumes,

fruits and horticultural crops.

140. Somaclonal variation : Application and Limitation,

Exploitation for selecting superior phenotype - disease

resistant, stress tolerant, high secondary metabolite

producing.

141. Disease elimination. Morphogenesis, regeneration of

plantslets, multipliplication of plantets, rooting.,

142. Commerical producation of tissue cultured plants -

(i) Technology transfer, equipment and procedures, (ii)

Aseptic techniques and control of contamination in a

commercial laboratory, quarantine, pathological indexing,

packaging, cost mamlysis, marketing

Section -D

143. Genetic improvement of Plants through tissue

culture - comparison with classical methods (a) Transgenic

Plants, antisense RNAs, tissue specific sequences,

elimination of plant viruses Homozygous plant production

through another ovule, poolen cultures .

144. In vitro pollination and fertilization, embryo rescue,

endosperrn culture and production of seedless plants.

145. Protoplast culture and its genetic improvement : (i)Somatic Hybridization , cybrids : limitations,

(Micromanipulation of genes using protoplast

146. Genetic engineering in plant : Identity serservation

in Genetically Modified Crops

Books /Reference :


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1. Dodds. J.H. & Roberts L.W. (1985). Experiments in

plant tissue culture, Cambridge Univ. Press.

2. Kumar A and S Roy (2006 ), Plant biotechnology

and its applications in culture. I.K. International,

New Delhi.

3. Beversadorf W.D. (1990) Progress in plant cellular

& Mol. Boli. (Eds.) HJJ. Nijkamp, Kluwar Acad.

Pub. Dordrecht.

4. Green D.A. & Somerspm (1987), Progress in PLant

Cellular & Mol. Biol., Kluwar Academic Press

Dordrecht.

5. Vasil, I.K. and Thorpe, T.A. 1994. Pliant Cell and

Tissue Culture, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The

Netherlands

6. Hall R.D. (Ed.) 1999 Plant Cell Culture Protocols.

Human Press Inc. New Jersey, USA.

7. Molecular Bilogy of cell. Garland Pulishing Co.,

Inc.New York, USA.

8. Dixon R.A. (ED) 1987. Plant Cell Culture: A

Practical Approach. IRL Press, Oxford.

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT - 703

Note : Question No. 1 shall consisit of wuestions requiring

short answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is

divided into four sections. Student are required to attempt

five questions in all, selecting not more than one question


Introduction to animal tissue culture

Historical Background

The application of tissue cultureTerminology

Stages in cell culture

Outline of the key technology of animal cell culture

Setting up the laboratory

Culturing cell

Maintaining the culture


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Quantification of cells in cell culture

Cloning and selecting cell lines

Physical methods of cell seperation

Hazards and safety in the cell culture laboratory

Animal cell culture media

General cell culture media design

Natural media

Synthetic media

Further Considration in Media formulation

Nutritional components of media

The Role of serum in cell culture

Choosing a medium for different cell types

Characterization of cell lines

Species verification

Intra-species contamination

Charac terization of cell type and stage of

differentiation

Microbial contamination

Section II

Preservation of animals cell lines

Variation and instability in cell line

Preservation of these cell lines

Freezing of cells

Quantification of cell viabilityCell banks

Hybridism's

The limition of traditional antibody preparation

The basis of hybridoma technology

The details of hybridoma technology

Long term storage of hybridoma cell lines

Contamination

Hybridomas from different species

Human hybridomas

Commerical scale production monoclonal antibodies Large scale animal cell culture

Culture parameters

Scale of anchorage- dependent cells

Suspension culture


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Books

Cell and tissue culture : Lab Procedures in Biotechnology, Alan

Doyal (ed) J. Bryan Griffth (ed).

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT - 703






Section -A

General Introduction to Biomedical Engineering. Application of

Engineering in medicine, Electrical Potentials in the human body.

Neuromuscular system: neurons, synapases and muscles,

electrical properties of nerves and muscles, problems and

diagnostics. Cardiovascular system : anatomy & physiology of

heart, ECG and the cardiac cycle, problems and solulations to

electrical problems in the heart, blood and vascular modeling,

haemodynamics, vascular disease management, Skeletal System

(Including Prosthetics). Biomaterials and Implantable sensors,

testing of Biomaterials in vitro and in vivo.Excretory, system (including Dialysis) : renal anatomy &

physiology, the nephron, dialysis machines & mass transport.

Medical Imagining: X-rays, design considerations of X-ray tubes,

medical Image Processing - projections, 3D-2D, sclice

identification, CAT, NMR, MRI,PET/ SPECT. Cellilar

engineering and genetic engineering - Ethical consideration in

Medical research.

Section -B

- Innate and Acquired Immunity.- Antigens : types of antigen specificty, haptens, antibody

structure and functions

- MHC, Complement System.

- Cell mediated cytotoxicity : Origin, maturation and

characterization of TY- lymphocytes, Monocytes & Macrophages,

Mechanisn of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis, ADCC,


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macrophage mediated cytotoxicity, lymphokines the product of T

cell activation.

- Humoral immune response : Origin maturation and

characterization of B-lymphocytes, Activation and proliferation of

B- cells, Formation of plasmablast, Plasma cells and memory

cells, Interaction of B and T cells.

Section -C

- Hypersensitivity, Monoclonal antibodies and its applications.

- Radioimmunoassay, enzyme - linked immunosorbant assay,

immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and flowcytometry.

- Characteristics of infectious diseases, Herd immunity.

- Disease cycle (Source of disease, reservoir, carriers).

- Transmission of pathogens ( Air Borne. contect transmission and

vector transmission) .

Section -D

- Bacterial Diseases : Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, Laboratory

Diagnosis, Prevention & control of the following diseases :

Anthrax, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Whooping cough, Tetanus,

Diphtheria Lerprosy.

- General Account of viral & protozoan diseases : Chickenpox,

AIDS and Malaria, Leishmniasis,

- Brief account of sexually transmitted diseases.

Books Recommended2. Text Box of Microbiology R. Ananthanarayanan and C.K.

Jayaram Paniker, Orient Longman, 1997.

3. Medical Microbiology , Vol 1 ; Microbial infection :

Mackie and MaCartny, Churchil Livingstone, 1996

4. Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology : Baron EJ,

Peterson LR and Finegold SM Mosby, 1990.

5. Essential immunology (1995) - Roitt, I.M. Blackwell

Scientific Publictions Oxford.

6. Fundamental immunology : W.E. Paul 1984, Raven Press,

New York.7. Fundamentals of immunology : R.M. Coleman, M.F.

Lombord and R.E. Sicarc (1992), 2nd ed, C. Brown

publishers.

8. Immunology : D.M. Weir and J Steward, 7thEd, (1993).

9. Broude A.I. (1981) : Medical " Microbiology" ; and

Infectious Diseases, W.B. Saunders & Co. Philadelphia.


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10.Immunology : Jaind Kuby.

11.An Introduction to Immunology : Ian R. Tizzard.

12.J.T. Bushberg. J.A. Scibert, E.M. Leidholdt (JR), J.M.

Boone : The Essential Physics of medical Imaging,

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, 2002.

13.R.B. Buxton : Introduction to Functional Magnetic

Resonance Imagining :Principle & Techniques, Cambridge

Univ. Press, UK, 2002.

14.J.Enderle, S. Blancechard & J. Bronzino (Eds) :

Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press,

2000.

15.John G. webster(Ed): Medical Instrumentation -

Application and Design, 3rd Ed, John Wiley & Sons, 1989

16.J.B. West. (Ed) Best and Taylor's Physiological basis of

Medical Practice, 11th Ed., Williams and Wilkins,

Baltimore 1985

17.Y.C. Fung: Biomechanics, Spring and Verlag, New York,

1981.

18.S. Oka: Cardiovascular H-emorheology, Cambridge

University Press, 1981.

Fundamentals of Bioinformation and Nanotechnology

BT - 802






19.Introduction to Bioinformatics

20.Aspects of Bioinformatics

21.Role of Bioinformatics in Biotechnology22.Application of Bioinformatics

23.Introduction to Nanotechnology

24.Carbon Nanostructres

25.Properties of Nanopraticles

26.Biological ,Materials in Nanotechnology

27.Nanomachines and devices


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28.Advanced Nenotechnology

29.Medical Nanotechnology

30.Bio Nanotechnology

31.Nanotechnology and Society

PLANT TISSUE CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT - 803

Section -A

- Historical background and terminology used in cell & tissue

culture.- Basic techniques of cell and tissue culture, surface sterilization,

aseptic tissue transfer, concept of totipotency.

- Nutritional requirement of cell in vitro, various types of nutrient

media.

Section -B

- Someatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in plant .

- Variability in tissue cultures, somaclonal and other variations.

- Isolation of cells, single cell cultures and cloning.

Section -C

- Micropropagation and cloning of plants, applications of

micropropagation in agriculture, horticulture & forestry.

- Haploid production. various techniques, applications.

Section -D

- Production of disease free plants by tissue culture methods.

- Protoplast isolation and culture, fusion of protoplast .

- Somatic hybrids, selection methods. gene expression in somatic

hybrid .Books Recommended :

32.Plant Tissue Culture : S.S. Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan ,

Elsevier Science, The Netherlands.

33.An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture : M.K. Razdan

34.Cell Culture Methods and Cell biology, Vol. 4: D. W.

Barens


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35.Cell and tissue culture - laboratory procedure : A. Doyle.

36.Plant Tissue culture - A practical Approach : R.A. Dixon,

IRL Press.

37.Biotechnology in Agriculture and forestry : Y.P.S. Bajaj,

Narosa.

38.Plant cell and Tissue Culture : Rienert and Yeoman.

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

BT - 805


answers and shall cover entire paper . The paper is divided intofour sections. Student are required to attempt five questions in all,



Section -A

39.Communication : Definition, Barriers in communicatinns

implication of Communication, Purpose of communication.

40.Elements : Preparation, structure and personal interaction.

Section -B

41.Oral Communication; Skill and Techniqques of Speaking

preparation of speaking, Development of speaking skills ,

barriers to speaking , speaking structure, bridging points,

time limination/length of speech, Use of Humore .

42.Visual Communication : Nature ans scope of visual aids,

Bolds, slides, overhead Projector, cutouts .

Section -C

43.Technical letter writing : Purpose of writing, space/ layout,

economy of words, use of verb/ passive voice , type face

(italics, bold,underline) and use of information.

44.Report writing : Preparation, report structure( Purpose of

report, scope, shape, presentation of report, Introduction of


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report, bridging of report, style of report, and index of

report.

Section -D

45.Public communication : meeting, planning and discussion,opening procedure, timing, degree of formality, behavior,

repetitive, interviews (complexity of situation, preparation

of thinking, preparation of setting, opening of the

interview, style of interview).

Note : Group discussion may be introduced to enhance oral

communication and debates, speeches; addresses may be

introduced for Public.

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

BT - 806






Section -A

Principle of Management - The topic mentioned below are to be

covered with respect to Bioindustries and Bioproducts.

Management - meaning and importance, evolution of management

thoughts.

Function of management :

i i Planning - meaning and importance, steps in the process of

planning, Decision making.

iii Organizing - process of organizing, types of organizational

structures, informal organizations

Section -B

iiii Directing - Communitation process barriers to effective

Communication, Mediation - theories of Motivation,

Leadership style.


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vi i Controlling - Control techniques.

Personnel Management : Manpower planning, source of

recruitment, selection and training of staff , job evaluation ,merit

rating, performance appraisal, wage administration and system of

wage payment, incentive, trade unions and industrial relation.Section -C

Purchases and Stores Management : Concepts of quotations,

tenders and comparative ststement, inspection and quality control,

inventory - Carrying cost and fixed cost of inventers, BEP

analysis stores management, functions of storekeeper, methods of

inventory - LIFO, FIFO.

Marketing, Management : Concept of selling, marketing, market

research, Pricing-methods, penetration and Skimming pricing,

Physical distribution methods, advertising and Sales promotion.

Section -D

Export and Import Management : Concept of international

trade, duties and antidumping duty, cost involved in exporting a

roduct, pricing of export product. Government assistance for

export promation. export house, export promation counsel,

MODVAT, patent and patent rights.

Management Laws : Concept of Contract act, offer and

acceptence, type of Contract, Void Contract, Concept ofGuarantee and warranty, introduction of MRTP and FERA.

Work Study : Work Measurement time and motion study, flow

process chart, flow diagram, Sio chart, string Chart therbligs.

Quality Management : TQM, quality management, ISO

Systems.

Reference Book :

i i Management for Business and Industry - C.S. Georage Jr.

i i Principles of Management - Koontz and O' Donnell.

i i Business Organization and Management _ M.C. Shukla .

i i Basic Biotechnology , Colin and Bjorn Kristiansen,Cambridge University press .

The above syllabus is to be taught keeping in mind the aspect of

Commercialization.

Marketing and Management of Biotechnological product. Term

work - Minimum five case studies based on the above Syllabus.


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Disseration Based on Lab and Field Work

BT - 807Disseration will have 200 marks distributed a below : (1) 50 marks viva voce

(2) 150 Disseration its contain, Quality, style of presentation.

micro biolog 1

Documents