COMPARISON OF USE-PHASE ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR MULTIFAMILY HOME

Michael Street

PROBLEM

Annual energy use comparison of two multifamily home types: ICF and wood frame.

Use Phase energy scope: HVAC system (occupancy schedule,

nat./mech. Ventilation, heat transfer) Lighting (internal, external, task) DHW Outlet load

BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS

Available Fuel Types Electricity

Shape L shaped

Total Floor area 1076 m^2

Number of floors 4

Opaque Façade area 801.4 m^2

Glazing to solid wall ratio 18%

MULTIFAMILY HOME TYPE

ICF WOOD FRAME

0.56 ACH used Design Builder

calculated PHX: R-22.71 CHI: R-22.71

0.7 ACH used Minimum code

standards (ASHRAE 90.1-2007) PHX: R-13 walls, R-38 roof CHI: R-13 + Rc.i.-13 walls,

R-38 roof

BUILDING LOCATION

CHICAGO PHOENIX

Heating driven climate Climate Zone 3

Cold-wet Weather data provided

by DOE

Cooling driven climate Climate Zone 5

Hot-dry Weather data provided

by DOE

METHOD

Design Builder software Site orientation Averaging Comparing

PHOENIX RESULTS

January

Febru

ary

March

April

May

June

July

August

Septe

mber

Octo

ber

Novem

ber

Dece

mber

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0Normalized Monthly Loads Comparison (PHX)

Sensible Cooling (ICF)

Total Cooling (ICF)

Sensible Cooling (Wood Frame)

Total Cooling (Wood Frame)

Usa

ge

kW

h/m

^2

Sensible Cooling Total Cooling Zone Heating

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

-84-79

0

-86-82

1

Normalized Annual Loads Comparison (PHX)

ICFWood Frame

Usage k

Wh/m

^2

January February March April May June July August September October November December0

2

4

6

8

10

12

01

1

3

5

8

109

6

4

1

001

1

3

5

8

1010

7

4

100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

Normalized Monthly Energy Comparison (PHX)

Chiller (ICF)

Chiller (Wood Frame)

Heat Generation (Wood Frame)

Usage k

Wh/m

^2

Chiller Electricity Heat Generation Total Energy0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

47

0.4

134

49

1

136

Normalized Annual Energy Use Comparison (PHX)

ICFWood Frame

Electric Function

Usage k

Wh/m

^2

CHICAGO RESULTS

January February March April May June July August September October November December

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 0 0 -1 -1

-5-6

-5

-2

0 0 00 0 0 -1 -1

-5

-9

-7

-3

0 0 0

11

9

4

20 0 0 0 0 0

5

11

0 0 0 -1 -1

-4

-6

-4

-20 0 00 0 0 -1 -1

-5

-9

-6

-2

0 0 0

15

11

6

3

0 0 0 0 01

7

14

Normalized Monthly Loads Comparison (CHI)

Sensible Cooling (ICF)

Total Cooling (ICF)

Zone Heating (ICF)

Sensible Cooling (Wood Frame)

Total Cooling (Wood Frame)

Zone Heating (Wood Frame)

Usa

ge k

Wh

/m^

2

Sensible Cooling Total Cooling Zone Heating

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

-20

-26

42

-18

-25

57

Normalized Monthly Loads Comparison (CHI)

ICFWood Frame

Usage k

Wh/m

^2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 0 0 0 1

3

54

2

0 0 0

14

10

5

2

0 0 0 0 0 0

6

13

0 0 0 1 1

3

6

4

10 0 0

18

13

6

2

0 0 0 0 01

8

17

Normalized Monthly Energy Consumption (CHI)

Chiller (ICF)Heat Generation (ICF)Chiller (Wood Frame)Heat Generation (Wood Frame)

Usage k

Wh/m

^2

Chiller (Electricity) Heat Generation (Electricity) Total Energy (Electricity)0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

16

50

152

15

68

169

Normalized Annual Energy Use Comparison (CHI)

ICFWood Frame

Energy Function

Usage k

Wh/m

^2

CHALLENGES

Occupant schedules Variation of electricity usage Thermal mass optimization Measured data

i.e. infiltration rates for multifamily buildings

CURRENT WORK

Remove mech. ventilation Re-zoning of building floors

Zone scheduling Next step?