michael batistatos (academic laboratory teacher)

University Of PeloponneseFaculty of Economy, Management and Informatics Department of Informatics and Telecommunications

Michael Batistatos(Academic Laboratory Teacher)

Tripolis (Greece)

Newcastle (UK)

Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab

Electromagnetic Radiation Measurements


We are exposed to a sea of EM radiation

(nature sources, communication devices, power lines, appliances e.g. microwave oven)


World goes wireless


Modern society – What are the sources of the microwave radiation?


Equipment for RF measurements: Narda srm-3000


RF Bands


RF Spectrum Analysis


Real Scenario - Area and landscape


Yellow Pins: Measurement Locations

Red & Blue Pins: Mobile Phone Base Stations


Electric Field Strength (V/m)

Location A Location B

Location C Can you explain the graph of the Location C measurement?


Electric field strength versus time

Some interesting results


Bioinitiative Report 2007 (proposed limit of 0.614 V/m) and 2012 (proposed limit of 0,036 V/m)

ICNIRP: International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection

WHO: Worldwide Health Organization

Exposure Limits by:


0,07150.00810,02388850,03946950,0319880

Λ97,5%Λ2,5%-U+U

Conclusion:In the Limits

(The total exposure ratio is

31 times under the exposure reference

levels)

95% confidence interval

UncertaintyTotal exposure

ratio

0,0000085

0,0000155

0,000010347,20,151362483,5 -

3000

0,0000015

0,0000028

0,000001947,20,064484

2400 –2483,5 WIFI-RLAN

0,0000020

0,0000037

0,000002547,20,0742462200 -2400

0,0049807

0,0082658

0,006676746,243,77821885 –2200

UMTS

0,0180516

0,0299580

0,024198444,046,85081710 –

1885 GSM 1800

0,0000098

0,0000157

0,000013633,000,12182960 - 1710

0,0000579

0,0000933

0,000080731,680,2847885 – 960GSM 900

0,0000069

0,0000111

0,000009523,090,07119470 – 885TV - UHF

0,0000025

0,0000034

0,000002921,300,036552400 – 470 TETRA

0,0000061

0,0000098

0,000008421,70,063033230 - 400

0,0007504

0,0010727

0,000968421,70,67529108 – 230TV-VHF

0,0000066

0,0000105

0,000009521,70,06676587,5 – 108

FM -RADIO

0,0000040

0,0000070

0,000005121,70,04913175-87,5

-U

B(Λf)+U

B(Λf)

Uncertainty

Exposure Ratio Λf

Exposure Reference

Levels 60%Ε (V/m)

Max Electric

Field Strength (V/m)

Frequency Bands(MHz)

0,07150.00810,02388850,03946950,0319880

Λ97,5%Λ2,5%-U+U

Conclusion:In the Limits

(The total exposure ratio is

31 times under the exposure reference

levels)

95% confidence interval

UncertaintyTotal exposure

ratio

0,0000085

0,0000155

0,000010347,20,151362483,5 -

3000

0,0000015

0,0000028

0,000001947,20,064484

2400 –2483,5 WIFI-RLAN

0,0000020

0,0000037

0,000002547,20,0742462200 -2400

0,0049807

0,0082658

0,006676746,243,77821885 –2200

UMTS

0,0180516

0,0299580

0,024198444,046,85081710 –

1885 GSM 1800

0,0000098

0,0000157

0,000013633,000,12182960 - 1710

0,0000579

0,0000933

0,000080731,680,2847885 – 960GSM 900

0,0000069

0,0000111

0,000009523,090,07119470 – 885TV - UHF

0,0000025

0,0000034

0,000002921,300,036552400 – 470 TETRA

0,0000061

0,0000098

0,000008421,70,063033230 - 400

0,0007504

0,0010727

0,000968421,70,67529108 – 230TV-VHF

0,0000066

0,0000105

0,000009521,70,06676587,5 – 108

FM -RADIO

0,0000040

0,0000070

0,000005121,70,04913175-87,5

-U

B(Λf)+U

B(Λf)

Uncertainty

Exposure Ratio Λf

Exposure Reference

Levels 60%Ε (V/m)

Max Electric

Field Strength (V/m)

Frequency Bands(MHz)

Example of RF exposure analysis


Location EnvironmentTotal value

Ε (V/m)Bioinitiative Ebio

(V/m)Times above/below

Hondos Center urban 4,003661056 0.614 42,5 above

Πλ. Αγ. Βασιλείου urban 1,461722264 0.614 5,7 above

ΟΤΕ 2 urban 1,163019113 0.614 3,6 above

Πλ. Κολοκοτρώνη urban 0,838044459 0.614 1,8 above

ΕΥΔΑΠ urban 0,744563805 0.614 1,5 above

Παιδική Χαρά urban 0,644091512 0.614 1,1 above

ΟΤΕ 1 urban 0,558388418 0.614 1,2 below

Δημοτικό Σχολείο urban 0,474597871 0.614 1,7 below

ΒΙΠΕ suburban 0,471235704 0.614 1,7 below

Νοσοκομείο suburban 0,3971682 0.614 2,4 below

4ο Γυμνάσιο urban 0,387266509 0.614 2,5 below

Πανεπιστήμιο suburban-rural 0,382382428 0.614 2,6 below

Στάδιο (πίσω) suburban 0,367865548 0.614 2,8 below

2ο Λύκειο (LoS-περιπτωση) suburban 0,316994893 0.614 3,7 below

4ο Νηπιαγωγειο suburban 0,294429056 0.614 4,3 below

Στάδιο suburban 0,294390583 0.614 4,3 below

ΙΚΑ suburban 0,258114301 0.614 5,7 below

8ο Νηπιαγωγείο suburban 0,242179641 0.614 6,4 below

1ο Λύκειο suburban 0,240301014 0.614 6,5 below

2ο Λύκειο (ΝLoS-περίπτωση) suburban 0,23600913 0.614 6,8 below

Άλσος Αγ. Γεωργίου suburban-rural 0,22261223 0.614 7,6 below


No L.O.S. Τέλος Διαδρόμου με θόρυβο 800.2ΜΗz,BW:200KHz

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101 105 109 113

Measurement Number (0-14s)

V/m

E(V/m), 5 cm distance, weak signal

L.O.S. BASKET 800.2MHz, BW:200Mhz

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 193 205 217 229

Measurement Number(0-30s)

V/m

E(V/m), 5 cm distance, strong signal

Electric Filed Strength measurement when the mobile phone is transmitting in GSM mode


Practical approach to communications systems in Matlab-Simulink

-Introduction to Simulink

-Build simple systems

-Study PCM modulation


Introduction to Simulink

Download the pdf and mdl files and follow the instructions

Pdf file: Introduction to Simulink

Mdl file: Intro.mdl


Build simple systems


Pdf file: Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Mdl file: PAM.mdl


Study PCM modulation


Pdf file: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

Mdl files: Sampling.mdl , Quantization.mdl , PCM.mdl


Thank you

Questions?

michael batistatos (academic laboratory teacher)

Documents

mobile communications

mobile communications

mobile communications

communications systems

instructionspdf file

simulinkmdl file

microwave radiation

proposed limit