mhhi 01 01 gsm intro bg
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GSM
Introduction
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History of Mobile Communications
The beg innings:
Åarchaic mobile communicationµ
� Visual tr ansmission ( smok e / light)
� Audible tr ansmission (drums, horns)
Electronic communication:
Åt err estrial networkµ
� Teleg r aph1st t eleg r aph line 1843 Washing ton
� Telephone
P. Reis 1861
A.G. Bell 1876 World exhibition Philadelphia
Radio tr ansmission
� 1873 Max well·s t heory of electromag netic waves
� 1887 H. Hertz: experiment al proof
� 1895 Marconi: 1st wir eless tr ansmission
� 1901 1st tr ansatlantic tr ansmission� 1903 Telefunk en GmbH, AEG, Siemens + Halsk e
� 1906 1st speech and sound tr ansmission
� 1909 1st r adio broadcast
� 1907 1st mobile tr ansmission: r adio st ation - tr ain
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Single Cell Systems
� The fir st Mobile Telephone Ser v ice to off er duplex
connections compar able to fixed network based
t elephone ser v ices st art ed in 1946 as a car phoneser v ice in St . Louis, Missouri.
� Compar able mobile t elephone ser v ices appear ed in
post -war Europe some y ear s lat er .
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Single Cell Systems ² Cellular Systems
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¶1G· Cellular Mobile Radio Systems
� Infor mation tr ansmission of fir st gener ation cellular
mobile r adio sy st em t ak es place v ia analog ue r adio
int erf ace.
� These sy st ems wer e t est ed in many countries in t he end
of t he 70s.
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¶2G· Cellular Mobile Radio Systems
� A furt her and very sig nificant innovation in mobile r adio
communications took place wit h t he introduction of t he
second gener ation cellular mobile r adio sy st em ( e.g.
GSM) in t he early 90s.
� T r ansmission v ia r adio int erf ace is now dig it al.
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¶2G· Cellular Mobile Radio Systems
� Along wit h a sig nificant improvement of tr ansmission
quality and expansion of ser v ices, t her e has been a
consider able incr ease in capacity .
� The incr ease in subscriber s led to mor e convenient ,
light er and less expensive equipment wit h a wide r ange
of possibilities for use.
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Portable Mobile Equipment
� Mobile phones wer e fir st introduced in 1988. The
weight of t he equipment decr eased from 1 k g to less
t han a 100 g wit hin f ew y ear s.
� At t he same time, mobility clearly improved despit e
decr easing weight owing to improvement s in
r echar geable batt eries.
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GSM
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The GSM Recommendations
� The GSM St andard is a consist ent and open st andard
for cellular mobile communication sy st ems est ablished
by t he ETSI.
� All aspect s of t he r ealization of t he GSM St andard have
been est ablished in now mor e t han 150
r ecommendations (t echnical specifications).
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The GSM Recommendations
� At t he same time t he Recommendations ar e flex ible
enough for t he diff er ent r ealizations of various vendor s.
� The Recommendations ar e or ganized into 12 seriesaccording to diff er ent aspect s.
� This structur e r eflect s t he structur e of t he PLMN ( Public
Land Mobile Network) sy st em and it s int erf aces.
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GSM Recommendation
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The Evolutionary Concept
� GSM Phase 1: (closed 1991) comprises all of t he most
import ant pr er equisit es for dig it al infor mation
tr ansmission. Speech tr ansmission is of t he g r eat est
import ance her e. Dat a tr ansmission is also defined ( 0.3
to 9.6 k bps). GSM Phase 1 comprises only a f ew
supplement ary ser v ices such as call forwarding and
barring.
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The Evolutionary Concept
� GSM Phase 2: (closed 1995) Supplement ary Ser v ices
compar able to ISDN wer e included in t he st andard.
Technical improvement s have been specified, e.g. t he
Half Rat e Speech. In Phase 2, t he decision on futur e
downward-compatibility wit h older ver sions is of high
import ance.
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The Evolutionary Concept
� GSM Phase 2+: Indiv idual topics ar e discussed separ at ely
and t he updat e is added to t he GSM st andard in Annual
Releases. Main topics ar e new Supplement ary Ser v ices as
t he ASCI ser v ices, t he IN f eatur e CAMEL and VHE ar e very import ant . Especially t he introduction of f eatur es to
achieve higher dat a r at es, i.e. HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE has
r eceived much att ention. GSM Phase 2+ t hus paves t he
way to 3G (UMTS).
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GSM Adaptations
F r equency Range [MHz] Useable HF channels Application Ar ea
GSM400450.4 ² 457.6 / 460.4 ² 467.6
478.8 ² 486 / 488.8 ² 49635 Rur al env ironment
GSM900
E-GSM
890 ² 915 / 935 ² 960
880 ² 905 / 925 ² 960
124
174
Worldwide ex cept
America
GSM1800 1710 ² 1785 / 1805 ² 1880 374Worldwide ex cept
America
GSM1900 1850 ² 0910 / 1930 ² 1990 299 America
GSM-R 876 ² 880 / 921 ² 925 19 Railway sy st ems
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PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
� A PLMN is a t err estrial mobile communication network
set up and run by public and privat e oper ator s.
� It is used to prov ide public mobile communication
ser v ices.