mgt 386 section 11 goal setting theory.ppt11
TRANSCRIPT
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Section 11- Goal Setting Theory
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Leaders are Readers
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Stephen R Covey (2004)
#2 Begin with the End in Mind The HP Way, David Packard (2005)
We thought if we could get everyone to agree on
what our objectives were and to understand what
we were trying to so, then we could turn them
loose and they would move in a common
direction.
This is Goal Setting
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Goal Setting
Goal: What an individual is trying to accomplishthrough his or her behavior and actions.
Goal Setting Theory: A theory that focuses onidentifying the types of goals that are most
effective in producing high levels of motivationand performance and why goals have theseeffects.
Goal setting can operate to enhance both intrinsic
motivation (in the absence of any extrinsicrewards) and extrinsic motivation (when workersare given extrinsic rewards for achieving theirgoals).
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Solid Goal Characteristics
S Specific
M Measurable
A Achievable
R Result based
T Time specific
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(Continued)
Goal Setting
Major Dimensions of Goal Setting
Research on the Impact of Goal Setting
The Importance of Specific Goals
The Importance of Difficult and Challenging Goals
Goal Acceptance, Participation, and Commitment
Self-Efficacy and Goals
Objective and Timely Feedback
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Characteristics of Motivating Goals SpecificitySpecificity
Often quantitative
DifficultyDifficulty
Should be hard but not impossible for mostworkers to achieve
AcceptabilityAcceptability
Especially important when managers set goals forsubordinates
FeedbackFeedback
So that workers know how well they are doing
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Specific, Difficult Goals Affect Motivation
and Performance by:
Directing workers attention and action
toward goal-relevant activities
Causing workers to exert higher levels of
effort
Causing workers to develop action plans to
achieve their goals
Causing workers to persist in the face ofobstacles or difficulties
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Limits to Goal Setting Theory
There are two circumstances under whichsetting specific, difficult goals will not lead tohigh motivation and performance:
When workers lack the skills and abilities neededto perform at a high level. (never forget: performance = ability * motivation * support)
When workers are given complicated anddifficult tasks that require all of their attentionand require a considerable amount of learning.
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Goal Setting(Continued)
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Management by Objectives (MBO) A goal-setting process in which a manager meets
with his or her supervisor to set goals andevaluate the extent to which previously set goalshave been achieved.
Although less common, MBO can also be used asa motivational tool for nonmanagers.
Necessary characteristics for MBO success:
Set goals should contribute to organizationaleffectiveness.
Goals should be specific and difficult.
A certain amount of trust and rapport must existbetween managers and their supervisors.
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Goal Setting(Continued)
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Advice to Managers
1. Be sure that a workers goals are specific anddifficult, whether set by you, by the worker, orby both of you.
2. Express confidence in your subordinatesabilities to attain their goals, and givesubordinates regular feedback on the extent ofgoal attainment.
3. When workers are performing difficult andcomplex tasks that involve learning, do not setgoals until the workers gain some mastery overthe task.
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Personal Goal Framing and Development
15-20 Minutes
James B. Avey PhD
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Develop Your Goal
Take a moment and think about somethingyou want to accomplish in the next 6 months.
Can be personal, work, school, whatever
domain is salient. Make it YOUR goal,something that REALLY matters to you.
Write it down
Frame it in the following ways: Reasonably difficult- some chance of failure
Approach vs. avoidance (something to do; not
something to avoid)
Clearly measurable
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Develop Your Goal
List 3-5 milestones or sub-goals that you willneed to accomplish along the way. Maybe
draw it in a sequence if you wish.
Take a moment and think about what will
prevent you from accomplishing the goal.
These are obstacles. Write down 3-5 of these obstacles.
Write down what you will do to overcome the
obstacles
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Questions