Mexicano Contributions to the Mexicano Contributions to the SouthwestSouthwest

Chapter 17Chapter 17Pgs. 233 - 243Pgs. 233 - 243

17.1 Introduction17.1 Introduction

• The United States adopted many things from The United States adopted many things from the Mexican heritagethe Mexican heritage

• Heritage (tradition)- something that is passed Heritage (tradition)- something that is passed down from previous generationsdown from previous generations

17.2 Mexicano Mining Contributions17.2 Mexicano Mining ContributionsGold MiningGold Mining::Mexicans gave Americans the:Mexicans gave Americans the:• Batea: The gold panBatea: The gold pan• Riffle box: Separated mud and gold Riffle box: Separated mud and gold • Arrastra: Crushed rocks so gold could be Arrastra: Crushed rocks so gold could be

removedremoved

17.2 Continued…17.2 Continued…

Silver and Copper MiningSilver and Copper Mining::• Henry Comstock found silver in NevadaHenry Comstock found silver in Nevada• Americans looked for Mexicans for help Americans looked for Mexicans for help

when they mined for copper in Arizonawhen they mined for copper in Arizona

17.3 Cattle Ranching17.3 Cattle Ranching• Cattle were very thin with long hornsCattle were very thin with long hornsThe RanchoThe Rancho::• The main products produced on Ranchos were: The main products produced on Ranchos were:

meat hides and tallow (lard)meat hides and tallow (lard)• Vaqueros (Cowboys) worked thereVaqueros (Cowboys) worked there

17.3 Continued…17.3 Continued…

The RoundupThe Roundup::• Vaqueros most important jobs were rodeo Vaqueros most important jobs were rodeo

and brandingand branding• They branded to see and show which cattle They branded to see and show which cattle

was theirs so no one would steal them was theirs so no one would steal them • This is still done in today’s cattle farming!This is still done in today’s cattle farming!

17.4 The Cowboy17.4 The Cowboy• American cowboys gained their skills from the American cowboys gained their skills from the

Mexican VaquerosMexican VaquerosCowboy Clothes and GearCowboy Clothes and Gear: : • Cowboy hats = sombrerosCowboy hats = sombreros• Cowboys chaps = chaperrerasCowboys chaps = chaperreras• Cowboys boots = botasCowboys boots = botas• Cowboys ponchos Cowboys ponchos • Vaqueros created the horn on the saddleVaqueros created the horn on the saddle• Vaqueros also created the Vaqueros also created the la riatla riat

17.4 Continued…17.4 Continued…

Cowboy LingoCowboy Lingo::• The terms Americans Cowboys use come The terms Americans Cowboys use come

from Spanish Wordsfrom Spanish Words• Example: Ranch came from RanchoExample: Ranch came from Rancho

QuestionsQuestions• Who did American cowboys gain their skills from?• Describe what Spanish cattle looked like?• What did Vaqueros do to their cattle to show that they

belonged to them?• Vaquero is Spanish for what English word?• Something that is passed down from past generations is

called a what?• Draw Cowgirl Buzz and label the 5 items that she got from

the Mexican Vaqueros.• What were the three things that the Mexicans gave to

Americans during the gold rush?• When the Spanish came to Mexico what did they find

instead of gold?

17.5 Sheep Raising17.5 Sheep RaisingTwo types of sheep raised:Two types of sheep raised:

1) Merios1) Merios2) Churros2) Churros

The Spanish Sheep Raising SystemThe Spanish Sheep Raising System::• Americans started raising sheep when they saw Americans started raising sheep when they saw

how much money could makehow much money could makeAmericans adopt the Spanish SystemAmericans adopt the Spanish System::• Because of increased sheep raising American Because of increased sheep raising American

wool production went from 5 to 22 Million wool production went from 5 to 22 Million pounds of wool in 18 yearspounds of wool in 18 years

17.6 Irrigated Farming17.6 Irrigated Farming• When the farmers moved west they had to use When the farmers moved west they had to use

irrigation because it did not rain as much as irrigation because it did not rain as much as the Eastthe East

The Mexican Style of IrrigationThe Mexican Style of Irrigation::• They brought water from streams by creating They brought water from streams by creating

damsdams• They would fill up a square of crops with water They would fill up a square of crops with water

and when was filled they would make a hole to and when was filled they would make a hole to spread the water to the next square of cropsspread the water to the next square of crops

17.6 Continued…17.6 Continued…

America’s Fruit BasketAmerica’s Fruit Basket::• Mexicanos introduced Americans to many Mexicanos introduced Americans to many

fruits that could not be produced in the Eastfruits that could not be produced in the East• Grapes, Olives, Apples, Peaches, Lemons, Grapes, Olives, Apples, Peaches, Lemons,

Limes, and OrangesLimes, and Oranges

17.7 Mexican Food17.7 Mexican FoodThe Food RevolutionThe Food Revolution::• Spanish came to Mexico for gold but instead found Spanish came to Mexico for gold but instead found

Indian FoodIndian Food• Corn, Tomatoes, Chocolate, Peanuts, Vanilla, Corn, Tomatoes, Chocolate, Peanuts, Vanilla,

Beans, Squash, Avocados, Coconuts, Sunflower Beans, Squash, Avocados, Coconuts, Sunflower Seeds, and Chili PeppersSeeds, and Chili Peppers

• Spain took foods from Mexico, but also brought Spain took foods from Mexico, but also brought some of theirssome of theirs

17.7 Continued…17.7 Continued…

A New Style of CookingA New Style of Cooking::• When they combined Spanish and Indian When they combined Spanish and Indian

food came up with Mexican foodfood came up with Mexican food• When Americans adopted Mexican food to When Americans adopted Mexican food to

their culture started combining it with their culture started combining it with American foods called “American foods called “Tex-MexTex-Mex””

QuestionsQuestions • When farmers moved west, why did they use When farmers moved west, why did they use

irrigation systems?irrigation systems?• What were the two types of Spanish sheep?What were the two types of Spanish sheep?• What two types of food were combined in order to What two types of food were combined in order to

make Mexican food?make Mexican food?• When Americans combined their food with When Americans combined their food with

Mexican food it became known as what?Mexican food it became known as what?• What was the main reason that the Spanish What was the main reason that the Spanish

started raising sheep?started raising sheep?• In a paragraphIn a paragraph explain how the Mexicano explain how the Mexicano

irrigation system works.irrigation system works.

17.8 Spanish-style Architecture17.8 Spanish-style Architecture• Homes were created to suit hot, dry climates of Homes were created to suit hot, dry climates of

SouthwestSouthwestAdobe BuildingAdobe Building::• Wood was hard to get a hold of so used adobe Wood was hard to get a hold of so used adobe

bricksbricks• AdobeAdobe: mixture of earth, grass, and water baked : mixture of earth, grass, and water baked

in the sunin the sun• Covered homes with red clay tilesCovered homes with red clay tiles• Most homes had a patio and a veranda Most homes had a patio and a veranda • Newcomers adopt the Spanish StyleNewcomers adopt the Spanish Style

17.8 Continued…17.8 Continued…

Advantages of Adobe HousesAdvantages of Adobe Houses::• Cooler in summer and warmer in winterCooler in summer and warmer in winter• Can be made from local materialsCan be made from local materials• 1930’s nearly 1 million adobes were made1930’s nearly 1 million adobes were made• Homes, court-houses, trading post, and post Homes, court-houses, trading post, and post

officesoffices

17.9 Mexican Laws17.9 Mexican Laws

• American Legal tradition came from English LawAmerican Legal tradition came from English Law• Mexicano Legal tradition came from Spanish Mexicano Legal tradition came from Spanish

Law Law Mining LawMining Law: : • Because of all of the miners, America came up Because of all of the miners, America came up

with the “laws of the mines” based on the with the “laws of the mines” based on the Mexican mining lawsMexican mining laws

• These laws moved throughout AmericaThese laws moved throughout America

17.9 Continued…17.9 Continued…Water LawWater Law::• East LawEast Law: Water that was on a farm or moved : Water that was on a farm or moved

through a farm was that farmer’s water and through a farm was that farmer’s water and could be used anyway they wanted could be used anyway they wanted

• Mexican/West LawMexican/West Law: water belonged to : water belonged to everyone and anyone could use iteveryone and anyone could use it

17.9 Continued…17.9 Continued…

Community Property LawCommunity Property Law::• East LawEast Law: Anything that a woman “owned” : Anything that a woman “owned”

belonged to her husbandbelonged to her husband• Mexican/West LawMexican/West Law: “Community Property” : “Community Property”

anything that a couple owns will be split in anything that a couple owns will be split in half if that couple separateshalf if that couple separates

• This law still is in most Western U.S. StatesThis law still is in most Western U.S. States

17.10 Mexicano Entertainments 17.10 Mexicano Entertainments

Music and DancingMusic and Dancing::• Mexicano music influenced country and Mexicano music influenced country and

western music in the Southwestwestern music in the Southwest• Most important influence was the Most important influence was the Corridor Corridor (A (A

dramatic story accompanied by guitars)dramatic story accompanied by guitars)• Mexican dances have also influenced Mexican dances have also influenced

America ( La Bamba, Fanadango, and Jota)America ( La Bamba, Fanadango, and Jota)

17.10 Continued…17.10 Continued…

Fiestas and RodeosFiestas and Rodeos::• Largest religious fiesta is the one that honors Largest religious fiesta is the one that honors

Our Lady of Guadalupe, the patron saint of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the patron saint of MexicoMexico

• Largest celebrated holiday is El Cinco de Largest celebrated holiday is El Cinco de Mayo (the Fifth of May) Mayo (the Fifth of May)

• Rodeos are a big part of Mexican tradition Rodeos are a big part of Mexican tradition and that has also spread into American and that has also spread into American cultureculture

QuestionsQuestions• What is the largest celebrated holiday in Mexico?What is the largest celebrated holiday in Mexico?• In order to make an Adobe brick, what three materials are In order to make an Adobe brick, what three materials are

needed?needed?• What are the two advantages of an Adobe house?What are the two advantages of an Adobe house?• Adobe homes were created to suit what types of climates in Adobe homes were created to suit what types of climates in

the Southwest?the Southwest?• Who have Mexican dances influenced?Who have Mexican dances influenced?• The Largest Religious holiday in Mexico is to honor Our Lady of The Largest Religious holiday in Mexico is to honor Our Lady of

what?what?• In a In a paragraphparagraph please explain the difference between the please explain the difference between the

Water Laws in the East and the Mexican /West.Water Laws in the East and the Mexican /West.• In a In a paragraphparagraph please explain the difference between the please explain the difference between the

Community Property Laws in the East and the Mexican/West.Community Property Laws in the East and the Mexican/West.