Aztec EmpireAztec Empire1345-15211345-1521

Tenochtitlan MarketTenochtitlan MarketDiego RiveraDiego Rivera

►Tenochtitlan built on Lake Texococo at Tenochtitlan built on Lake Texococo at site of vision of eagle on a cactus site of vision of eagle on a cactus eating a snakeeating a snake

►Advanced city by 1500 – capital of a Advanced city by 1500 – capital of a large empirelarge empire

►Aztecs are an aggressive war-like Aztecs are an aggressive war-like “colonial” power“colonial” power

Spanish Conquest of the AztecsSpanish Conquest of the Aztecs15211521

ConquestConquestJose OrozcoJose Orozco

►Cortes arrives in 1519Cortes arrives in 1519►The Aztecs believe he is the God The Aztecs believe he is the God

QuetzlcoatlQuetzlcoatl►Through disease, superior weapons, Through disease, superior weapons,

and horses he conquers the Aztecs.and horses he conquers the Aztecs.

Creation of the Creation of the MestizosMestizos1500’s1500’s

Absorption of the IndianAbsorption of the IndianJose OrozcoJose Orozco

►European settlers intermarry with European settlers intermarry with natives create Mestizosnatives create Mestizos

►First union between Malinche’ (traitor) First union between Malinche’ (traitor) and Cortes is mythicaland Cortes is mythical

► Spaniards (Peninsulares) mistreat the Spaniards (Peninsulares) mistreat the MestizoMestizo

Spanish Treatment of IndiansSpanish Treatment of Indians1500’s – 1800’s1500’s – 1800’s

Colonial DominationColonial DominationDiego RiveraDiego Rivera

►Catholic church and state colonize Catholic church and state colonize Latin AmericaLatin America

►Land grants, Land grants, encomiendasencomiendas, in which , in which Spaniards control all resources on land Spaniards control all resources on land – including people.– including people.

Mexican IndependenceMexican Independence1810-18211810-1821

Fight for LibertyFight for LibertyJose OrozcoJose Orozco

►Rank: Indians, Mestizos, Criollos, then Rank: Indians, Mestizos, Criollos, then PeninsularesPeninsulares

►Peninsulares have all the religious and Peninsulares have all the religious and political power in Mexicopolitical power in Mexico

►Father Miguel Hidalgo leads a Father Miguel Hidalgo leads a revolution against the Spanish revolution against the Spanish governmentgovernment

►Eventually Criollos come to the political Eventually Criollos come to the political front and take political control and front and take political control and declare independence from Spain declare independence from Spain forming an indepedent Mexicoforming an indepedent Mexico

Dictatorship of Porfiro DiazDictatorship of Porfiro Diaz1876-19101876-1910

Revolution against Porfirian Revolution against Porfirian DictatorshipDictatorship

David Alforo SiqueirosDavid Alforo Siqueiros

►Porifiro Diaz comes to power with Porifiro Diaz comes to power with Mexico riddled with problemsMexico riddled with problems

►Dictator for 34 yearsDictator for 34 years►Wants Mexico to be European style Wants Mexico to be European style

industrial nationindustrial nation►All efforts go to industrialization and All efforts go to industrialization and

peasant (campesinos) Indians and peasant (campesinos) Indians and Mestizos sufferMestizos suffer

►Wealthy prosper – poor suffer – Wealthy prosper – poor suffer – average peasant life expectancy under average peasant life expectancy under Diaz is 30 yearsDiaz is 30 years

The Mexican RevolutionThe Mexican Revolution1910-19201910-1920

The TrenchThe TrenchJose OrozcoJose Orozco

►Francisco Madero is jailed for Francisco Madero is jailed for challenging the policies of Diazchallenging the policies of Diaz

►From jail plans a revolt of the From jail plans a revolt of the campesinos in Mexicocampesinos in Mexico

►They overthrow Diaz but this sets off a They overthrow Diaz but this sets off a 10 year civil war between various 10 year civil war between various groupsgroups

► Institutional Party International (PRI) Institutional Party International (PRI) takes power in 1920 and rules for 8 takes power in 1920 and rules for 8 decades decades

The Legacy of the Mexican The Legacy of the Mexican RevolutionRevolution

1920 and beyond1920 and beyond

Land DistributionLand DistributionDiego RiveraDiego Rivera

►New constitution which called for New constitution which called for campesinos to own landcampesinos to own land

a. 1910 – 2% of Mexicans own land by a. 1910 – 2% of Mexicans own land by 1940 – 30% own land1940 – 30% own land

Mexico establishes Mexican identity Mexico establishes Mexican identity rather than looking to Spainrather than looking to Spain

Criollos dominate Mexican politics for Criollos dominate Mexican politics for many yearsmany years