meuhjgu uhrjhdpapd; tpo;;r;rpak; - e-thaksalawa · pdf filefp>k 993,y; (gj;jhk; e}w;whz;bd;...

,ytrg; ghlE}y; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf tuyhW juk; 764

njd;dpe;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gk;mEuhjGu ,uhrjhdpapd; tPo;;r;rpAk;

03

mEuhjGu ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; tPo;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

Mapuj;J ehE}W tUlq;fshf kpf ePz;l fhyk; ,yq;ifapy;

jiyefukhf mEuhjGuk; tpsq;fpaJ. gz;Lfhgadhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l

,t;tpuhr;rpak; fp.gp gj;jhk; E}w;whz;lstpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l njd;dpe;jpa

Mf;fpukpg;Gf; fhuzkhf tPo;r;rpAw;wJ.

njd;dpe;jpa gilnaLg;Gf;fs; kl;Lkp;d;wp> mDuhjGu ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;

tPo;r;rpf;F ,d;Dk; gy fhuzpfs; JizGupe;jd. mitahtd:-

« mur Mjpf;fj;ij epWtpf; nfhs;s fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; tiutiof;fg;gl;l

njd;dpe;jpa gilapdu; ,yq;ifapy; jq;fp tpl;lJld;> njd;dpe;jpa

Mf;fpukpg;gpd; NghJ> rpq;fs kd;du;fSf;F vjpuhf Mf;fpukpg;ghsu;fSld;

Nru;e;J nfhz;lik.

« mEuhjGuj;jpd; ,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; gytPdkhd muru;fs; Ml;rpgPlk;

Vwpaik.

« mbf;fb Vw;gl;l Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fshy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu epiy

rPu;Fiye;J Nghdik.

« Ml;rpgPlk; Vwpa muru;fs; muRupikiag; ghJfhg;gjpy; ftdk;

nrYj;jpdhu;fNsad;wp> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapy; rpuj;ij fhl;lhik.

« Ie;jhk; k`pe;j kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w Kjyhk; ,uh[uh[

Nrhodpd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf; fhuzkhf mEuhjGu ,uhr;rpak; KOikahf

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Nrhou;fs; mEuhjGuj;ijf; iftpl;L nghydWitf;F

jkJ jiyefuj;ij ,lk; khw;wpaik.

Nrhou; Mjpf;fk; epiyehl;lg;gly;

fp>K 993,y; (gj;jhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy;0 njd;dpe;jpahtpy; Kjyhk;

,uh[uh[dpd; jiyikapy; Nrho uhr;rpak; vOr;rpAw;wJ. ,k;kd;dd;

,yq;ifapd; tlgFjpiaf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lhd;. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy;

cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gq; fhuzkhf Ie;jhk; k`pe;jd; mEuhjGuj;ijf; iftpl;L

cU`_Z ,uhr;rpaj;jpw;F jg;gp Xbdhd;. ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjpiaj;

jkjhf;fpa Nrhou;fs; mjid Kk;Kbr; Nrho kz;lyk; vDk; ngaupy;

jkJ murpd; gpuhe;jpak; xd;whf;fp Msj; njhlq;fpdu;.


rPuope;J NghapUe;j mEuhjGuj;ijf; iftpl;L nghyd;dWitiaj;

jkJ jiyefuhfj; njupT nra;j mtu;fs;> mjw;F [dehjGuk;

([dehjkq;fsk;) vdg; ngaupl;ldu;. ehl;bd; murpay; jiyikgPlkhf 14

E}w;whz;Lfshfj; jpfo;e;j mEuhjGuk; ,t;thW iftplg;gl;L nghyd;dWit

jiyefuhf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nrhou;fspd; epu;thfk; nraw;gl;l tpjk;

« Nrhou;fspd; epu;thfr; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp #stk;rj;jpd; %yk;

mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. Nrhou;fspdhy; ,yq;if Msg;gl;l tpjk;

njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; gpd;tUkhW

« nghyd;dWitiaj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;l Nrhou;fs; ,uhZtj;

jd;ikahd Ml;rpia Nkw;nfhz;ldu;.

« Nrhog; Nguurpy; kz;lyk; vd;gJ xU gupghyd gpupthFk;. Nrhog;

Nguurpd; vl;Lg; gpupTfspy; ,yq;if xd;whf> Kk;Kbr; Nrho kz;lyk;

vDk; ngaupy; epu;tfpf;fg;gl;lJ.

« Nrhog; Nguurpdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l jsgjp xUtupdhy; ,yq;if

epu;tfpf;fg;gl;lJ.

« cau; gjtpfSf;F Nrhou;fs; mjpfhupfshf mku;j;jg;gl;ldu;.

« Kiwahf tup mwtPL nra;ag;gl;lJ.

« Nrhog; Nguurpd; jiyefuhd jQ;rht+upy; mikag; ngw;wpUe;j Nfhapy;

xd;Wf;F ,yq;ifapd; rpy fpuhkq;fspy; mwtplg;gl;l tup xJf;fPL

nra;ag;gl;lJ.

« ,q;F mwtplg;gl;l fg;gk;> fhzpf;if Kjypad tUlhe;j tUkhdkhf

Nrhog; NguuRf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ.

« jha; ehl;bd; jiyaPL ,d;wp jkJ tpUg;gg;gb Nrho mjpfhupfs;

,yq;ifia epu;tfpj;jdu;.

mEuhjGu ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; tPo;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhfpa tplaq;fis tpgupj;JRtu;gj;jpupiff;F fl;Liu xd;W tiuf.

nraw;ghL


njd;dpe;jpa muRfSk; mtw;wpd; nry;thf;Fk;

,yq;if mDuhjGu Afj;jpd; tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fis Nehf;Fifapy;

njd;dpe;jpa tuyhW rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fisj; njupe;jpUg;gJ Kf;fpaj;Jtj;

jpw;FupajhFk;. mf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,yq;if kPJ njd;dpe;jpa muRfs; gyTk;

Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jpAs;sd. mtw;Ws; Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba gy;yt ,uhr;rpaq;fs;

Kf;fpakhditahFk;.

njd;dpe;jpa muRfs; glk; 3.1njd;dpe;jpa muRfs; glk; 3.1njd;dpe;jpa muRfs; glk; 3.1njd;dpe;jpa muRfs; glk; 3.1njd;dpe;jpa muRfs; glk; 3.1

ghz;baehL

Nru ehL

fhtpup ejp

gy;ytehL

NrhoehL

Jq;fgj;uh ejp

fpU\;zh ejp

Nfhjht

up ejpfypq;f Njrk;

ghyhW

,yq;if


fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; vOr;rpAw;w ,t;tuRfs; mDuhjGuf; fhyj;jpy;

,yq;ifAld; gy;NtW njhlu;Gfis itj;jpUe;jd. ,yq;if ,e;jpahTf;F

mUfhikapy; ,Ue;jikahy; gy njhlu;Gfs; cUthf fhuzkhfpd. mit

,yq;ifAld; nfhz;bUe;j murpay;> nghUshjhu> fyhrhu> rka r%f

njhlu;Gfspy; nfhz;bUe;j nry;thf;if Muha;e;J ghu;g;gNj ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpd;

Nehf;fhFk;.

vkJ ehl;bd; kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa njd;dpe;jpa muRfshtd.

01. Nru muR

02. Nrho muR

03. ghz;ba muR

04. gy;yt muR

Nru muR

njd;dpe;jpahtpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; mike;jpUe;j Nru muR ,yq;iff;F

mUfhikapy; mike;jpUe;jJ> Nru ,uhr;rpak;> ghz;ba> Nrho NguuRfspd;

msTf;Fg; gue;Jgl;ljhff; fhzg;gltpy;iy. vd;whYk; ,yq;if muru;fs;

Nru ehl;Lld; gy;NtWgl;l njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jjhf tuyhw;W %yhjh

uq;fspypUe;J njupa tUfpwJ.

gy;yt muR

« njd;dpe;jpahtpd; Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba ,uhr;rpaq;fSf;F tlf;fhf

gy;yt ,uhr;rpak; mike;jpUe;jJ.

« tlf;Nf fpU\;zh ejpf;Fk; njw;Nf ghyhw;Wf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ngUk;

gpuNjrk; ,jw;Fl;gl;bUe;jJ.

« njd;dpe;jpahtpy; gy;ytu;fNs Kjd; Kjypy; NguuR xd;iwj; Njhw;Wtpj;-

jdu;.

« fhQ;rpGuj;ijj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L mtu;fs; jkJ Nguuirf; fl;b-

naOg;gpdu;.

« ,jd; Kjy; kd;ddhf gg;gNjt ,Ue;jjhf nrg;NgLfspd; %yk; mwpa

Kbfpd;wJ.

« %d;whk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;Ltiu gy;ytupd; Mjpf;fk;

epd;W epiyngw;wpUe;jJ.


« Vohk; E}w;whz;by; ,tu;fspd; Mjpf;fk; ve;jsT nry;thf;Fg;

ngw;wpUe;jnjd;gJ khdtu;kd; kd;dd; ,yq;ifapy; Mjpf;fj;ijg; ngw>

gy;yt kd;dpd; cjtpiaf; Nfhupg; ngw;wjpy; ,Ue;J njupa tUfpd;wJ.

ghz;ba muR

« ghz;ba ,uhr;rpak; njd;dpe;jpahtpd; fpof;Ff; fiuNahukhf

,Ue;jikahy; ,yq;iff;F ntF rkPgkhf mike;jpUe;jJ.

« kJiu ,jd; jiyefukhFk;.

« Mwhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpd;diug; ghjpapy; ,Ue;J ,t;tpuhr;rpak; vOr;rpAw

Muk;gpj;jJ.

« Nguurudhd = khw = ty;ygdpd; fhyj;jpy; ,tu;fspd; Mjpf;fk;

njd;dpe;jpah KOtJk; gutpaJ.

« ,k;kd;dd; ,yq;ifapYk; jd; Mjpf;fj;ijr; nrYj;jpAs;shd;.

Nrho muR

« ghz;bag; Nguuir mLj;J Nrhou;fs; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; jkJ Mjpf;fj;ij

epiyepWj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;.

« ghz;ba ehl;Lf;F tlf;fhf njd;dpe;jpahtpd; fpof;Ff; fiuia mz;b

,t;tpuhr;rpak; mike;jpUe;jJ.

« Muk;gj;jpy; ghz;baUf;Fk; gy;ytUf;Fk; fPo;g;gl;bUe;j Nrhou;fs; fhNtup

ejpapd; mUNf ,d;iwa jQ;rht+iuj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L jkJ

Mjpf;fj;ijg; gug;gj; njhlq;fpdu;.

« xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; Mjpj;jpa kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; murpay; uPjpahd

vOr;rp Muk;gkhdJ.

« Kjyhk; guhe;jf kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; Nrhog; NguuR vOr;rpAwj;

njhlq;fpaJ.

« guhe;jfDk; mtidj;njhlu;e;J

,uh[uh[ NrhoDk; midj;Jg;

g puNrjq;fisAk; jkjhf ;f pf ;

nfhz;L ,yq;ifiaAk; Mf;fpu-

kpj;J jkJ gyj;ij epiyepWj;jpdu;.

,yq;if kPJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jKad;w njd;dpe;jpa muRf;fs;gw;wpa jfty;fisr; Nrfupf;f.

nraw;ghL


njd;dpe;jpa muRfSld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;Gfspd; jd;ikfs;

,yq;if njd;dpe;jpahTf;F mUfpy; mike;jpUe;jjd; tpisthf

fpwp];JTf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj mq;Fs;s muRfSld; gy;NtW

njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mtw;iw %d;W jiyg;GfSf;Fl;gLj;jp

Nehf;fyhk;. mitahtd :

« murpay; njhlu;Gfs;

« rka> fyhrhu njhlu;Gfs;

« nghUshjhu njhlu;Gfs;

murpay; njhlu;Gfs;

,yq;iff;Fk; njd;dpe;jpahTf;Fk; ,ilapy; epytpa murpay;

njhlu;Gfisg; gy;NtW jiyg;Gf;fsp;y; fye;Jiuahlyhk;.

« mur gjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf rpq;fs muru;fs; njd;dpe;jpa

muru;fspd; cjtpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

jkJ mur Mjpf;fj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fsp;y; jkJ

gyj;ij epiyepWj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,yq;if muru;fs; ngUk;ghyhd

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mUfhikapy; ,Ue;j njd;dpe;jpa muru;fspd; cjtpiaf;

Nfhupg; ngw;wdu;. ,J Kf;fpakhdnjhU murpay; njhlu;ghFk;. ,t;thwhd

re;ju;;g;gq;fspy; rpy tUkhW:

« ,sehf kd;dd; (fp.gp 33 - 43),yk;gfu;z tk;rj;jtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J

jg ;g p njd;dpe ;j pahTf;Fr ; nrd;W gilAjtp ngw ;W te;J>

,yk;gfu;zu;fisj; Njhw;fbj;J jdJ mjpfhuj;ij epiyepWj;jpf;

nfhz;lik.

« mgaehf kd;dd; (fp.gp 231 - 240) njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J gilAjtp

ngw;W te;J jdJ rNfhjuuhd nth`hupfjp];] kd;didg; gjtp

ftpo;j;J mupahrdj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lik.

« fhrpag;g (fp.gp 473 - 491)kd;dDf;Fg; gae;J ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jg;gpr;

nrd;w Kfyhdd; ,sturd; mq;fpUe;J gilfisj; $l;bte;J jdf;Fupa

muir kPl;Lf; nfhz;lik.

« mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; ehl;bd; rpk;khrdj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s mur FLk;gq;fspilNa Vw;gl;l rr;ruTfspd;NghJ njd;dpe;jpah-

Tf;Fr; nrd;W gilAjtpfisg; ngw;W te;J jkJ mjpfhuj;ij epiy-

epWj;jpf; nfhz;ltu;fSf;F fPo;tUNthiu cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

1.Kjyhk; jhNlhgjp];] (fp.gp 639-650)>

2. ,uz;lhk; jhNlhgjp];] (fp.gp 659-667)


« khdtu;kd; kd;dd;> (fp.gp 684-718) gy;yt muru;fspd; cjtpiag;

ngw;wik

njd;dpe;jpa muru;fs; ,yq;if muru;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;lnjd;dpe;jpa muru;fs; ,yq;if muru;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;lnjd;dpe;jpa muru;fs; ,yq;if muru;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;lnjd;dpe;jpa muru;fs; ,yq;if muru;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;lnjd;dpe;jpa muru;fs; ,yq;if muru;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

cjtpfscjtpfscjtpfscjtpfscjtpfs;

,yq;if kd;du;fs; jkJ muir epiyepWj;j njd;dpe;jpa kd;du;fspd;

gil cjtpiag; ngw;Wte;jJ Nghy> njd;dpe;jpa muru;fSk; jkJ gjtpiag;

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s vkJ kd;du;fspd; cjtpiaf; Nfhupa re;ju;g;gq;fSk;

cs. mt;thwhd rpy rk;gtq;fs; tUkhW

« ghz;ba kd;dhd = khw = ty;ygdpd; kfd;> (fp.gp 853-887) jdJ

je;ijf;F vjpuhfg; gil cjtp Nfhup ,yq;iff;F te;jNghJ ,uz;lhk;

Nrd kd;dd; Fj;jpf Nrdhjpgjpapd; jiyikapy; ghz;ba ehl;Lf;Fg;

gilia mDg;gp ,uz;lhk; tuFztu;kid rpk;khrdj;jpy; mkur;

nra;jik.

« Ie;jhk; fhrpag;g kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp914-923) = khw = ty;ygdpd;

Ngug;gps;isahd khdtu;kd; ,uz;lhk; ,uh[rpq;fd;> Kjyhk; guhe;jfd;

vDk; Nrho murDf;F tpNuhjkhfg;

gilAjtp Nfhup ,yq;iff;F

te;jhd;. kd;dd; rf;f jsgjpapd;

f Po ; ghz;b ehl;Lf;Fg; gil

mDg;gpaik.

« NrhoUld ; ele ;j Nghu py ;

Njhy;tpAw;w khwtu;kd; vDk;

ghz;ba kd;dd;> jdJ mur Mguzq;fSld; ,yq;iff;F te;J ehd;fhk;

jg;Gy kd;ddplk; (fp.gp 924-935) cjtp Nfhupdhd;. gilAjtp

fpilf;fhikahy; jkJ mur mzpfyd;fis ,q;Nf itj;Jtpl;L Nru

ehl;Lf;Fr; nrd;whd;.

« gy;yt kd;ddhd eurpq;̀ tu;kd; rhSf;fpau;fSld; elj;jpa NghUf;F>

,yq;if ,sturdhd khdtu;kdpd; gilAjtpiag; ngw;wik.

ifjpfisf; $l;bte;jik

,yq;iff;Fk; njd;dpe;jpahTf;Fk; ,ilNa epytpa murpay; njhlu;Gfs;

gw;wp Muha;e;J ghu;f;ifapy; Mf;fpukpg;Gfspd; NghJ ifJ nra;ag;gl;l

tu;fisj; jj;jkJ ehLfSf;Ff; $l;br; nry;tJ njhlu;ghf tuyhw;wpy;

jfty;fs; cs;sd. mjw;fhd cjhuzq;fshtd :

« tq;f eh]pf kd;dd; (fp.gp111-114) fhyj;jpy; fupfhy Nrho kd;dd;

,yq;if kPJ gilnaLj;J gd;dPuhapuk; rpq;fsf; ifjpfisf; $l;br;

nrd;wik.

mEuhjGu fhyj;jpy; njd;dpe;jpah-tpypUe;J gilAjtp ngw;w kd;du;-fspd; gl;bay; xd;iwj; jahupf;Ff.

nraw;ghL


« tq;f eh]pf jp];] kd;ddpd; kfdhd f[ghF (fp.gp 114-136) mjw;Fg;

gop jPu;f;Fk; tz;zk; Nru kd;ddhd nrq;Fl;Ltd; vd;gtdpd; cjtpAld;

Nrho Njrj;ij Mf;fpukpj;J gd;dPuhapuk; ifjpfis kPl;L Nrhof;

ifjpfs; gd;dPuhapuk; Ngiuf; $l;b te;jik.

jpUkzj; njhlu;Gfs;

mEuhjGu fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if kd;du;fs; gyUk; njd;dpe;jpa murpsq;

Fkupfisj; jpUkzk; nra;jjhf jfty;fs; cs;sd.

muru;fSs; rpyu; jkf;Fg; Gupe;j cjtpfSf;Fg; gpujp cgfhukhfTk;

,t;thwhd jpUkzq;fisg; Gupe;Js;sdu;. ,d;Dk; rpy muru;fNsh jkJ

Ml;r piag; ghJfhj ;Jf ; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; me;eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. mjw;fhd rpy rk;gtq;fs; tUkhW :

« ,yk;gfu;zu;fisj; Njhw;fbf;f cjtp ngw;w ,sehf kd;dd; jdJ

kfdhd re;jKfrpt ,sturDf;F jkpo;Njtp vDk; njd;dpe;jpa

,sturpia kzk; Gupe;J itj;jik

« ehd;fhk; k`pe;j kd;dd; fypq;f ,sturpia kzk; Gupe;jik.

rka fyhrhuj; njhlu;Gfs;

mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; Kw;ghjpapy; tl ,e;jpahTld; rka> fyhrhuj; njhlu;Gfs;

Vw;gl;ld. gpw;ghjpapy; njd;dpe;jpahTldhd njhlu;Gfs; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wd.

rka rk;ge;jkhfg; ghu;f;Fkplj;J njd;dpe;jpahTldhd ngsj;j rkaj;

njhlu;Gfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. ,jw;F Mjhukhd rpy tplaq;fs;

tUkhW :

« ,e;jpahtpd; mkuhtjp> ehfu;[_d vDk; ngsj;j kj;jpa epiyaq;fSld;

,yq;if gpf;Ffs; njhlu;Gfs; itj;jpUe;jikf;fhd Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd.

« mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; kj;jpapy; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; k`hahd ngsj;jk;

gutp ,Ue;jJ. ,q;fpUe;Nj ,yq;ifapYk; ,g;gpupT gut Muk;gpj;jJ.

718 Mk; Mz;by; njd; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J t[;uNghjp vDk; k`hahd

kj Qhdp ,yq;iff;F te;J mgafpup tp`hiuapy; jq;fpr; nrd;wJ

jf;f rhd;whFk;.

« mEuhjGuj;jpy; ,g;Nghijf;F vQ;rpapUf;Fk; fiyg;gilg;Gfspy; gy;yt>

mkuhtjp fiy kuGfspd; mk;rq;fisf; fhzf;$bajhfTs;sJ.


,yq;if njd;dpe;jpaj; njhlu;GfSf;F fPo;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Mf;fq;fs; jf;f

rhd;WfshFk;.

mkuhtjp kugpyhd gilg;Gf;fs;

,tw;Wld; ,;e;J kjKk; njd;dpe;jpa nry;thf;fpd; %yNk ,yq;iff;F

mwpKfkhdJ. khe;Njhl;lk;> jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; rptd;

Nfhtpy;fs; ,Ue;jjw;fhd rhd;Wfs; cs;sd.

NkYk; mEuhjGuj;jpd; ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy;

,e;J topghl;blq;fspd; rpijTfs; gyTk;

jiyefuj;jpd; tlf;Fg; gFjpapy; fpilf;fg;

ngw;wjpypUe;J ,e;J rkak; gutyhfg; gutpap-

Ue;jikia mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

f[ghF kd ;dd ; Nrho ehl ;il

Mf;fpukpg;gjw;F Nru ehl;bd; cjtpiag;

ngw;whd;. f[ghF kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpNyNa

fz;zfp (gj;jpdpj; nja;tk;) topghL

,yq;ifapy; mwpKfkhdjhf ,uh[typa

E}y; $Wfpd;wJ.

njhYtpy rpiy glk; 3.2

mTf;fzr; rpiy glk; 3.3

gj;jpdpj; nja;tj;jpd; ,d;iwa glk;.glk; 3.5


01. njd;dpe;jpaf; fiy kugpidg; gpd;gw;wpg; gilf;fg;gl;l Mf;fq;fspd;gl;bay; xd;iwj; jahupf;Ff.

02. ,yq;ifapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa gy;yt nry;thf;Fj; njhlu;ghdjfty;fisr; Nrfupf;f. (E}yfj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jf.)

nraw;ghL

nghUshjhuj; njhlu;Gfs;.

goq;fhye; njhl;L ,yq;if gy;NtW ehLfSld; nghUshjhu uPjpapy;

tpahghuj; njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ vd;gjw;Fg; Nghjpa rhd;Wfs;

fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd. Nkw;F - fpof;F ehLfSld; ,yq;if nfhz;bUe;j

tpahghuj; njhlu;Gfshy; gz;lq;fisf; ifkhw;Wk; xU kj;jpa epiyakhfg;

Gfo; ngw;wpUe;jJ. njd; ,e;jpaj; JiwKfq;fSld; ,yq;ifj; JiwKfq;fs;

Vw;Wkjp eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jd vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fSk;

cs.

« ,jd;gb ,yq;ifapd; kfhjpj;j> ,e;jpahtpd; fhtpupg;g+k;gl;bdk;> jhkpuypg;jp

Mfpa JiwKfq;fs; epue;jukhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; njhlu;Gfisf;

nfhz;bUe;jd. ,yq;ifapd; thridj; jputpaq;fs;> Kj;J> khzpf;fk;>

Nghd;w nghUl;fs; njd;dpe;jpahtpd; Clhf NuhkhGup Nghd;w ehLfSf;F

mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sd.

« tp[aidj; jpUkzk; Gupa te;j kJiu ,sturpAld; gjpndl;L

Fyq;fisr; Nru;e;j Mapuk; fiyQu;fs; ,q;F te;jjhf %yhjhuq;fs;

%yk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. ,tu;fNshL tpahghupfSk; ,lk;

ngw;wpUe;jjhfTk; tpahghuj; njhlu;Gfs; Vw;gl;Ls;snjd;w KbTf;F

ehk; tuf;$bajhfTs;sJ.

« tq;f ehrpf jp];] kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; Nrho kd;dd; fupfhyd; ,yq;if

kPJ Nkw;nfhz;l gilnaLg;gpd;NghJ gd;dPuhapuk; ifjpfisf; $l;br;

nrd;whd;. mtu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ePu;g;ghrd trjpfisg; ngUf;f fhNtup

ejpf;Ff; FWf;fhf miz xd;whff; fl;Ltpj;jhd;.

« mEuhjGuj;jpd; gpd;diug; gFjpapy; Nrhou;fspd; nry;thf;F njd;dpe;jp-

ahtpy; Xq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; tq;fhs tpupFlhitr; rhu;e;j

KOg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; Nrhou;fs; jkJ tu;j;jf eltbf;iffis

tpahg;gpf;fr; nra;jdu;. mg;NghJ ,yq;ifapd; tl gpuNjrj;ijAk; jkJ


Mjpf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ,yq;ifiaj; jkJ Nguurpd; xU

gFjpahff; fUjp nghUshjhu eyd;fis mDgtpj;jdu;.

,yq;if - njd;dpe;jpa njhlu;Gfis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L fPNojug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;f.

nraw;ghL

tpthfj ;t pthfj ;t pthfj ;t pthfj ;t pthfj ;

njhlu;Gfs;njhlu;Gfs;njhlu;Gfs;njhlu;Gfs;njhlu;Gfs;

,e ;j pa,e;j pa,e;j pa,e;j pa,e;j pa

muru;fs;muru;fs;muru;fs;muru;fs;muru;fs;

,yq;ifaplkpUe;J,yq;ifaplkpUe;J,yq;ifaplkpUe;J,yq;ifaplkpUe;J,yq;ifaplkpUe;J

ngw;wngw;wngw;wngw;wngw;w

cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;

re;ju;g;gq;fSk;.re;ju;g;gq;fSk;.re;ju;g;gq;fSk;.re;ju;g;gq;fSk;.re;ju;g;gq;fSk;.

Mf;fpukpg ;GMf;fpukpg ;GMf;fpukpg ;GMf;fpukpg ;GMf;fpukpg ;G

,yq;ifapd;,yq;ifapd;,yq;ifapd;,yq;ifapd;,yq;ifapd;muru;fs;muru;fs;muru;fs;muru;fs;muru;fs;

njd;dpe ;j panjd;dpe ;j panjd;dpe ;j panjd;dpe ;j panjd;dpe ;j pamuru;fsplkpUe;Jmuru;fsplkpUe;Jmuru;fsplkpUe;Jmuru;fsplkpUe;Jmuru;fsplkpUe;J

ngw;wngw;wngw;wngw;wngw;wcjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;cjtpfSk;

re;ju;g ;gq;fSk;re;ju;g ;gq;fSk;re;ju;g ;gq;fSk;re;ju;g ;gq;fSk;re;ju;g ;gq;fSk;

ifjpfshff ;ifjpfshff ;ifjpfshff ;ifjpfshff ;ifjpfshff ;nfhz;Lnfhz;Lnfhz;Lnfhz;Lnfhz;L

nry;yg;gl;lnry;yg;gl;lnry;yg;gl;lnry;yg;gl;lnry;yg;gl;lre;ju;g;gq;fs;re;ju;g;gq;fs;re;ju;g;gq;fs;re;ju;g;gq;fs;re;ju;g;gq;fs;


njd;dpe;jpa gilnaLg;Gfs;

,yq;if njd;dpe;jpa gilnaLg;Gf;Fl;gl;ljhd fhuzq;fshtd

mEuhjGuj;jpd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J KbTtiu ,yq;if njd;dpe;jpa

Mf;fpukpg ;Gfs; gytw;Wf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Neu;e ;jjhf tuyhw;W

%yhjhuq;fspypUe;J mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd Mf;fpukpg;gpw;fhd

fhuzq;fisg; gpd;tUkhW njhFj;J Nehf;fyhk;.

« ,yq;if njd;dpe;jpahtpw;F ntF mUfhikapy; mike;jpUe;jik.

« fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; vOr;rpAw;w njd;dpe;jpag; NguuRf;fs; tl ,e;jpahit

Nehf;fp efu;tijtpl ntF mUfpy; cs;s ,yq;if kPJ Mjpf;fj;ij

epiy epWj;JtJ ,yFthff; fhzg;gl;lik.

« ,yq;if ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd; kj;jpapy; mike;jpUe;jik.

« Kd;du; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lthW ,yq;if muru;fs; cs;ehl;L rr;ruTfspd;NghJ

cjtpf;fhff; $l;b te;j ,e;jpaf; $ypg;gilapdu; ,q;NfNa jq;fpapUe;J>

gpd;du; ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fs; NeUk;NghJ mg;gilapdUf;Fg;

cjtpaik

« ,yq;ifapd; nry;tq;fisf; nfhs;isapLtjpy; ,e;jpa muru;fspd;

Mu;tk;.

« mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; gpw;gFjpapy; Njhd;wpa muru;fspd; gytPdk;.

« mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; Nrhou;fspd; vjpupfSld; neUf;f-

khd njhlu;Gfis ,yq;if kd;du;fs; Ngzpaikahy; Nrhou;fs;

fLq;Nfhgk; nfhz;bUe;jik.

,yq;if njd;dpe;jpa Mf;fpukpg;GfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Neu;e;jikf;fhdfhuzq;fisj; jUf.

nraw;ghL


,yq;if kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l njd;dpe;jpa Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fspd;jd;ikfs;

mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; Muk;gk;njhl;L> ,Wjptiu ,yq;if kPJ njd;dpe;jpa

Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fs; gy njhLf;fg;gl;ld. mt;thf;fpukpg;Gfspd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g

mtw;Wf;fhd fhuzq;fisf; fPo;tUkhW njhFj;J Nehf;fyhk;.

01. re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp muirf; ifg;gw;wy;.

02. nghUshjhu ed;ikfis mDgtpj;jy;.

03. mur Nkyhjpf;fj;ij nrYj;Jjy;.

01. re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp muirf; ifg;gw;wy;

Muk;gfhyj;jpy; ,yq;if kPJ gilnaLj;Njhu; Mf;fpukpg;G Nehf;Fld;

mjid Nkw;n;fhs;stpy;iy. tu;j;jfk; nra;tjw;fhf te;j njd;dpe;jpau;fs;

,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gl;l re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp rpk;khrdj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf;

nfhz;ldu;. gytPdkhd muru;fs; ,Ue;jikahYk;> mtu;fs; ehl;bd;

ghJfhg;ig tpl rka tplaq;fspy; mjpf ehl;lk; nfhz;bUe;jikahYk;

ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G gytPdKw;wJ. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpatu;fs; Ml;rp

gPlj;ij Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.

« Nrd - Fj;jpf vDk; Fjpiu tpahghupfs; ,Utu; #ujp];] kd;didf;

nfhd;Wtpl;L ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wp ,Ugj;jpnuz;L tUlq;fshf Mz;lik.

« mNry kd;didf; nfhd;Wtpl;L Nrho ,sturuhd vy;yhsd; Ml;rpiag;

gpbj;J ehw;gj;J ehd;F Mz;Lfs; Mz;lik.

« tyfk;gh kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; g+y`j;j cl;gl VO jkpou;fs; Mf;fpukpg;ig

Nkw;nfhz;lik. ,tu;fSs; ,U jiytu;fs; murp Nrhkh NjtpiaAk;>

Gdpj ghj;jpuj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L njd;dpe;jpahTf;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;ldu;.

kw;iwNahuhd g+y`j;j> gh`pa> gzakhu> gpsakhu> jhjpf vd;Nghu;

xUtu; xUtiuf; nfhd;nwhopj;Jf; nfhz;L gjpdhd;F Mz;Lfs;

,yq;ifia Mz;lik.

« tq;f ehrpf jp];] kd;dupd; fhyj;jpy; Mf;fpukpg;ig Nkw;nfhz;l

fupfhyNrhod; rpq;fstu; gd;dPuhapuk; Ngiuf; ifjpfshff; $l;br;

nrd;wik.


« kpj;j Nrd kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; Mf;fpukpg;ig Nkw;nfhz;l gz;L> ghupe;j>

Gj;j ghupe;j> jpupju> jhjpj> gPjpa vDk; jkpo; jiytu;fs; mWtu;

mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wp ,Ugj;NjO Mz;Lfs; ehl;il Mz;lik.

02. nghUshjhu ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

nry;tj;ijf; nfhs;isapl;Lr; nry;Yk; Nehf;fpYk; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lik.

« Kjyhk; Nrd kd;duJ fhyj;jpy; ghz;bag; Nguurd; = khw =

ty;ygd; ,yq;ifia Mf;fpukpj;J ngUe;njhifahd nry;tj;ijr;

#iwahbr; nrd;wik.

« mEuhjGu fhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; Kjyhk; ,uh[uh[d; vDk; Nrho

Nte;jd; jdJ mjpfhuj;ij njd;gFjpapy; tpupTgLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy;

nghUshjhu ed;ikfisg; ngWtjw;Fk; Mf;fpukpg;Gr; nra;jikia

cjhuzkhf $wyhk;.

03. mur Nkyhjpf;fj;jpw;fhf

njd;dpe;jpahtpy; NguuRf;fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;j ghz;bau;fs;> Nrhou;fs; ,yq;if

muru;fs; gytPdg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; jkJ murpay; Mjpf;fj;ijg; gug;Gk;

Nehf;Fld; gilnaLg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhz;L ,yq;ifiaf; ifg;gw;wpf;

nfhz;lik.

khwtu;kd; vd;Dk;

ghz;ba murd;> gilAjtp

Nfhup ehd;fhk; jg;Gy

kd;ddplk; te;j NghjpYk;

mt;Tjtp fpl;lhky; NghdJ.

mg;NghJ khdtu;k kd;dd;

jdJ KbiaAk; Mguzq;-

fisAk; jg;Gy kd;ddplk;

ghJfhg;Gf;fhf xg;gilj;J

tpl ;L Nru ehl ;bw ;Fr ;

nrd;Wtpl;lhd;. ehd;fhk; cja kd;ddpd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;> Nrho kd;ddhd

Kjyhk; guhe;jfd; khdtu;kdhy; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fisf; Nfhupdhd;.

kd;dNdh mij kWj;J tpl;lhd;;. ,jd; fhuzkhf Nrho kd;dd; ,yq;if

kPJ gilnaLf;fNt ehd;fhk; cja kd;dd; cU`_izf;Fj; jg;gp Xbdhd;.

Nrhou;fs; mEuhjGuj;ijf; nfhs;isapl;L kPz;L nrd;wdu;.

1. mEuhjGu fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if kPJNkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l njd;dpe ;jpag;gilnaLg;Gfs;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fisj;jpul;Lf.

2. ,yq;ifapy; Nrhou;fsJ epu;thfk; gw;wpajfty; mlq;fpa rpWGj;jfk; jahupf;Ff.

nraw;ghL


« ehd;fhk; k`pe;jdpd; fhyj;jpy; njd; ,e;jpahtpd; tl gpuNjrj;jpy;

gykile;j murhf tpsq;fpa ,uh\;bu$l kd;dd; %d;whk; fpU\;zd;

,yq;if kPJ gilnaLj;jhd;. ehd;fhk; k`pe;jdpd; jsgjp ,jid

Kwpabj;jhd;.

« Ie;jhk; kfpe;j kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; Nrhog;Nguurdhd Kjyhk; ,uh[uh[d;

,yq;ifia Mf;fpukpg;Gr; nra;jhd;. ,yq;if murd; cUFidf;Fj;

jg;gpNahbdhd;. ,jw;fpilapy; KjyhtJ ,uh[uh[dpd; gil

,yq;ifapd; tlg;gFjpiaf; ifg;gw;wp jdJ ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; xU gFjpahf

,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.

,yq;if njd;dpe;jpahTld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;Gfs;

« Mjpfhye; njhl;Nl ,yq;iff;Fk; ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,ilapy; ey;YwT

epytpaJ.

« jj;jkJ Njitfspd; NghJ> xU ehL ,d;ndhU ehl;blkpUe;J

cjtpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.

« njd; ,e;jpa cjtpAld; ,yq;if fiy> fyhrhuj; Jiwfspy;

Kd;Ndw;wkile;jJ.

meuhjgu uhrjhdpapd; tpo;;r;rpak; - e-thaksalawa · pdf filefp>k 993,y; (gj;jhk; e}w;whz;bd;...

Documents