METHYL CHLORIDE HANDBOOK OXYCHEM TECHNICAL INFORMATION 11/2014 Dallas-basedOccidentalChemicalCorporationisaleadingNorthAmerican manufacturerofbasicchemicals,vinylsandperformancechemicalsdirectlyand throughvariousaffiliates(collectively,OxyChem).OxyChemisalsoNorthAmerica's largest producer of sodium chlorite. AsaResponsibleCarecompany,OxyChem'sglobalcommitmenttosafetyandthe environmentgoeswellbeyondcompliance.OxyChem'sHealth,Environmentand Safety philosophy is a positive motivational force for our employees, and helps create a strong culture for protecting human health and the environment. Our risk management programsandmethodshavebeen,andcontinuetobe,recognizedassomeofthe industry's best. OxyChemoffersaneffectivecombinationofindustryexpertise,experience,online business tools, quality products and exceptional customer service. As a member of the OccidentalPetroleumCorporationfamily,OxyChemrepresentsarichhistoryof experience, top-notch business acumen, and sound, ethical business practices. 1 Table of ContentsPage Introduction to Methyl Chloride ................................................................................................................... 3 Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Methyl Chloride Uses .................................................................................................................................. 4 Specifications and Product Grades ................................................................................................................. 4 Safety and First Aid ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Hazards ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Respiratory Protection ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Safety Precautions .......................................................................................................................................... 7 First Aid ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 Toxicity ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Regulatory ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Handling and Storage ................................................................................................................................... 9 Storage & Piping .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Maintenance of Storage Facilities ................................................................................................................... 9 Shipping ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Tank Trailers ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Tank Cars ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Unloading Procedures ................................................................................................................................... 11 Unloading By Pump .......................................................................................................................... 12 Unloading By Compressor................................................................................................................ 12 Spills and Precautions ................................................................................................................................... 13 Technical Data ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Product Sampling ............................................................................................................................. 13 Physical Properties ........................................................................................................................... 14 Unloading & Transfer Facility P&IDs ......................................................................................................... 15 2 MANUFACTURING Methylchlorideorchloromethane(CH3Cl)isa colorlessgasthatisshippedasaliquidunder pressure.Largeamountsofchloromethaneare producednaturallyintheoceansbytheactionof sunlightonbiomassandchlorineinseafoam. However, all chloromethane that is used in industry is produced synthetically. Most chloromethane is prepared by reacting methanol withhydrogenchloride,accordingtothechemical equation CH3OH + HCl CH3Cl + H2O OxyChemsmethodreactshydrogenchloridegas through boiling methanol with a zinc chloride catalyst; anothermethodforreactionispassingcombined methanolandhydrogenchloridevaporsoveran alumina catalyst at 350 C. A smaller amount of chloromethane is produced by heatingamixtureofmethaneandchlorinetoover 400C.However,thismethodalsoresultsinmore highlychlorinatedcompoundssuchasmethylene chlorideandchloroformandisusuallyonlyused when these other products are also desired. Further reaction of chloromethane with chlorine can producedichloromethane(methylenechloride), trichloromethane(chloroform)and tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride). 3 METHYL CHLORIDE USES Technical Grade is the only grade of methyl chloride availablefromOxyChem.Fifty-sixpercentofthe methyl chloride produced in the U.S. is consumed in themanufactureofsiliconefluids,elastomers,and resins.The largest volume goes into silicone fluids, which are used in a wide range of products including processingaidssuchasantifoamingagents, release agents, and light-duty lubricants. Siliconeelastomersareusedintheconstruction industryassealantsandadhesivesandtoalesser degree,inautomotiveapplications,wireandcable insulation,andmedicalandsurgicalapplications.Siliconeresinsareusedincoating,water-repellent resins,moldingresins,laminatingresins,and electrical insulation. Approximatelythirteenpercentofmethylchlorideis used as a raw material forcellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyproply methylcellulose, and hydroxybutylmethylcellulose.Alloftheseareused asthickenersandbindersinpharmaceuticals, toiletries,andfoodproducts.Itisalsousedinthe manufactureofbuildingproductssuchasdrywall jointcementformulations,cementformulations, stucco, mortars, etc. Anotherelevenpercentofthemethylchloride producedgoesintotheproductionofwater treatmentchemicalssuchasflocculants.Flocculantsareusedtocoagulateandseparate solids from water. Methylchlorideisalsoconsumedintheproduction ofcertainquaternaryammoniumcompoundssuch asdimethylammoniumchloride,whichisan ingredient found in fabric softeners.These markets consumeapproximately5percentofthemethyl chloride produced. Methylchlorideisarawmaterialusedinthe productionofagriculturalchemicalsknownas herbicides.Theyincludeparaquat,monosodium methanearson,anddisodiummethanearsonate.Thismakesupapproximately3%ofthemethyl chloride market. Anothertwopercentofthemethylchloride productionisusedintheproductionofheat stabilizers for PVC known as methyltin. Theremainingninepercentgoesintovarioususes suchbutylelastomersandorganomodifiedclays. Butylelastomersareusedinsuchthingsasinner tubesandinnerlinersfortiresaswellascaulks, sealants,andpharmaceuticals.Organomodified clays are used primarily in drilling mud in the oil and gasindustrytoimpartlubricityandviscositytothe system. SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT GRADES OxyChemproducesandmarketsTechnicalGrade methylchlorideataminimumpurityof99.95%by weight.Materialproducedandshippedfrom OxyChems Wichita, KS plant and Geismar, LA plant is Kosher certified. OxyChem'sTechnicalServicesDepartmentcan provide more product information.Call or write theOxyChem Technical Services Department P.O. Box 12283 Wichita, KS67277-2283 800-733-1165, Ext 1. 4 SAFETY AND FIRST AID Hazards Methyl chloride is a highly flammable and hazardous chemical and should be handled with extreme care. Personnel should be properly trained in the handling ofmethylchlorideandshouldalwayswearthe properprotectiveequipmentwhenworkingaround methylchloride.AllusersshouldreadtheMaterial SafetyDataSheet(MSDS)beforehandlingmethyl chloride. Contactwithliquidmethylchloridecanproduce frostbite.Exposuretohighconcentrationscan irritatetheeyesandproducedelayedeffectssuch asnausea,vomiting,diarrhea,headache, drowsiness,dizziness,centralnervoussystem effects,visualdisturbances,lungcongestion, paralysis,convulsions,coma,andpossiblydeath.Symptomsofoverexposuremaybedelayedforup to 24-48 hours.Recovery from a massive exposure isslowanddamagetothecentralnervoussystem, liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular system can occur. ThelevelthatisImmediatelyDangeroustoLifeor Health is 2000 ppm. It is recommended that employees be provided with andrequiredtousechemicalimperviousclothing, gloves,boots,splashproofgogglesandother appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent anypossibilityofskincontactwithmethylchloride gasorliquid.Materialtypeswhichmaybe consideredforthisserviceincludefireresistant clothing,Saranex,Barricade,viton,Responder, Trellchem,andTychem.Frostbiteisamain concern,wearclothingtopreventskincontactwith methyl chloride and leather or cloth gloves to protect fromfreezeburns.Faceshieldscanaugment protectionprovidedbysplash-proofgogglesand safety glasses, but are not intended to replace these safety appliances. Methylchlorideisdifficulttodetectinairandodor cannotberelieduponaswarningofconcentrations that are dangerous to health.The TLVs published bytheAmericanConferenceofGovernmental Industrial Hygienists recommends a maximum eight-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) exposure of 50 ppmandashort-term(15minutes)exposurelimit (STEL)of100ppm.OSHA'scurrentpermissible exposure limit (PEL) as found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2 is 100 ppm TWA (8 hour) and a 200 ppm ceiling. Figure 1:Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 5 Respiratory Protection OSHArequiresthatemployeesusingrespirators should be properly fitted and trained in their use. Basically there are 3 types of respirators: 1. Escape Inareaswheretheunexpectedreleaseofmethyl chloridevaporsmayleadtopotentiallydangerous exposure,appropriateescape respirators should be carriedbyorbereadilyaccessibletoeach employee.Themostcommonrespiratorusedfor thispurposeisthemouthpiecerespirator.This respiratorcontainsasinglecartridgewitha mouthpieceandnoseclip.Employeesshouldonly use this respirator when escape times are short and airborneconcentrationsofmethylchloridevapors are low. Figure 2:Mouthpiece Respirator (Escape Only) 2. Air Purifying Respirators NOTE:Atthistime,thereisnoknown cartridge/canisterforuseinmethylchloride contaminated air at or above exposure limits for air purifying respirators. Figure 3: Full Face Air Purifying Respirator 3. Self-contained Breathing Apparatus Self-containedbreathingapparatus(SCBA)can provide respiratory protection in an oxygen-deficient environmentandinsituationswhereunknown concentrationsofmethylchloridevaporsare present.TheSCBAcanalsoprovideprotectionin emergency situations. The SCBA is an atmosphere-supplying respirator for whichthebreathingairsourceisdesignedtobe carriedbytheuser(OSHAdefinition).Afull-face maskisalwaysusedwiththistypeofapparatus.OSHArequiresthatwhenwearingtheSCBAinan ImmediatelyDangeroustoLifeandHealth(IDLH) atmosphere, the SCBA be operated in the pressure demandmodeandbecertifiedbyNIOSHfora minimumservicelifeofthirtyminutes.Escape SCBAdevicesarecommonlyusedwithfullface pieces or hoods and, depending on the supply of air, are usually rated as 3 to 60 minute units. 6 Figure 4:Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus OSHArequiresthatallrespiratorsmustbeNIOSH approvedandshallusebreathinggascontainers markedinaccordancewiththeNIOSHrespirator certificationstandard,42CFRpart84.Forfurther informationonregulationspertainingtorespirator equipment,see29CFR1910.134and30CFR 57.5005ForadditionalinformationseeDHHS (NIOSH)PublicationNo.2005-100,NIOSH Respirator Selection Logic 2004or Publication No. 87-116,NIOSHGuidetoIndustrialRespiratory Protection. Safety Precautions Methylchlorideodorsarereportedtobenot noticeableatpotentiallydangerousconcentrations.OxyChem suggests methyl chloride users measure exposurepotentialinallprocess,storageand unloadingareas.OxyChemrecommends measurementbycontinuoussamplingdevicesor, asaminimum,frequentsamplingusingaccepted industrialhygienemethodsandprocedures.Surveysshouldbeconductedroutinelyforthe purpose of detecting leak sources.Portable direct-readinginstrumentscalibratedformethylchloride should be used for leak detection. Leaks should be identified and repaired without delay. Measurementofactualpersonnelexposureto methylchlorideshouldbeconductedonaroutine basisusingacceptedindustrialhygienemethods and procedures.Results from this sampling should beusedtoanalyzejobproceduresandpossible leaksituations.Trainingplaysamajorrolein controllingpersonnelexposure.Allemployeeswho handleorworkaroundmethylchlorideshouldbe trainedinproperproceduresforuseandhandling, aswellasthepossiblehealtheffectsofmethyl chlorideexposure,andtheresponserequiredin emergencysituations.Newpersonnelshould receivethistrainingbeforeworkinginareaswhere methyl chloride is used. A process vent system should be provided to collect all methyl chloride emissions at the source.Sources might include relief-valve or rupture-disc discharges, vesselandpipingpurges,andventingrelatedto unloadingoperations.Theexhaustfromareavent fansandlaboratoryventhoodsshouldbeductedto a point well away from occupied workstations. Safetyshowersandeyewashfountainsshouldbe locatedintheimmediateworkareaandclearly marked.Theseunitsshouldbetestedonaregular basis.Portable or temporary systems are available. Everyprecautionshouldbetakentoensurethata suitablesystemisinplaceandoperationalbefore handlingmethylchloride.Onlytrainedandproperly protectedpersonnelshouldbeallowedtoenter areaswheremethylchlorideispresent.ANSI StandardZ358.1containsplacementand performancecriteriaforemergencyeyewashand shower equipment. Before entering tanks or opening pipelines that have contained methyl chloride, they should be completely emptied and checked for vapors before entering.Do notenteraconfinedspace(whichincludestanksor pits)withoutfollowingproperentryproceduressuch as 29 CFR 1910.146. Goodhousekeepingpracticesareimportantwhere methylchlorideisused.Ifamethylchlorideleak occurs,evacuatetheareaandeliminateallignition sources.Responsepersonnelshouldwearself-containedbreathingairandprotectiveequipmentto preventcontactwithvapor,liquidorhazardous decomposition products. Inallcases,explosion-proofventilationshouldbe providedtokeepconcentrationsbelowexplosive limits. SeePage13ofthishandbookforspecific recommendations on spills and precautions.7 First Aid EyeContact-Ifeyescomeincontactwithmethyl chloride,holdtheeyelidsapartandflushtheeye gently with a large amount of lukewarm water for at least15minutes,forciblyholdingeyelidsapartto ensure complete irrigation of all eye and lid tissues. Washingeyeswithinseveralsecondsisessential to achieve maximum effectiveness.GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. Skin Contact - If skin comes in contact with methyl chloride, immediately wash exposed skin with plenty ofwater(lukewarmifavailable)whileremoving contaminatedclothing,jewelryandshoes.Donot attempttoremovefrozenclothingfromfrostbitten areas.Washclothingandthoroughlycleanshoes before reuse.Discard contaminated leather goods. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. InhalationIfmethylchlorideisinhaled,remove individualtouncontaminatedarea.Giveartificial respirationifnotbreathing.Ifbreathingisdifficult, oxygenshouldbeadministeredbyqualified personnel.If respiration or pulse has stopped, have atrainedpersonadministerBasicLifeSupport (Cardio-PulmonaryResuscitation/Automatic ExternalDefibrillator)andCALLFOR EMERGENCY SERVICES IMMEDIATELY. Ingestion Not a likely route of exposure. TraumaticShock-Wheneverinjuredpersonsare beingcaredfor,thepersonadministeringfirstaid shouldwatchforsignsoftraumaticshock.Traumaticshockmayfollowseriousinjuryandis a depressed condition of many body functions due to inadequate blood circulation throughout most of the body.Signsofshockarepale,moist,coolskin; shallow and irregular breathing; and weak pulse. Beadsofperspirationmaybenotedaboutthelips, forehead,palms,andarmpits.Thepatientmay become nauseated. Totreatshock,keep the patient lying down and as warmandcomfortableaspossible.Raisethe patient'sfeeteighttotwelveinchesunlessthereis headinjury,breathingdifficulty,orifthepatient complains of added pain. Toxicity Chronicexposurecanproducefainting,blurred vision, central nervous system effects, liver damage, kidney damage, cardiovascular system effects, brain damage.Reproductiveeffectshavebeenseenin miceexposedtolevelsof500ppm.Thismaterial may cause harm to the human fetus based on tests withlaboratoryanimals.Evidenceoftesticular damageandreducedmalefertilityinanimalshave beenseen.Kidneytumorswereproducedinmice exposed to 1,000 ppm fortwo years.These effects were not seen at lower levels of exposure. Methylchlorideisnotlistedasahumancarcinogen byOSHA,ortheNationalToxicologyProgram (NTP).TheInternationalAgencyforResearchon Cancer(IARC)classificationformethylchlorideis Group3;HumanInadequateEvidence;Animal Inadequate Evidence. The ACGIH classifies methyl chlorideincategoryA4NotClassifiableasa Human Carcinogen. REGULATORY The following is a summary of regulations and sources that may pertain to Methyl Chloride. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Clean Air Act:Methyl Chloride is included on the Clean Air Act, Section 112(b) list of Hazardous Air Pollutants. http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/ Clean Air Act:Methyl Chloride is included on the Clean Air Act, Section 112(r) list of Regulated Chemicals for Accidental Release Prevention. http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/ Clean Water Act:Methyl Chloride is included on the Clean Water Act, Section 126 list of Priority Pollutants.http://www.epa.gov/water/ Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act:Releases of Methyl Chloride in excess of the Reportable Quantity of 100 pounds must be reported. http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/cercla.html Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act:Methyl Chloride is a listed substance that is subject to reporting requirements under Section 313 of the act.These reports are often called Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Reports.http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/epcra.htmlResource Conservation and Recovery Act:Listed Hazardous Waste Codes in which listing is based wholly or partly on Methyl Chloride include U045, K009, K010, and K157. http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/rcra.html 8 Thesesummariesalsodonotaddressanysimilar stateorlocalregulations,someofwhichmay impose additional or different obligations from those imposedbyfederalregulations.Allusersare responsiblefora complete review of the applicable regulations pertaining to their own operation. HANDLING AND STORAGE Storage & Piping Methylchlorideshouldbestoredinsteelpressure tanks built and tested to applicable ASME code.In coldclimates,storagetanksshouldberatedfor vacuumservice.Additionallocalcode requirementsmustbeincorporatedinthe construction of the storage tanks. Allopeningsinstoragetanksmustbeweldedor havestandardboltedflangesratedforthe appropriatepressurerequirements.Threaded pipingandcastorductileironequipment should not be used in methyl chloride service. Pressurereliefdevicesshouldbesizedandtested according to ASME code.Dual relief valves should be provided to allow testing with the tank in service. Allmethylchloridestoragetanksshouldbe equippedwithahighlevelalarmtoprevent overfillingthevessel.Fillingdensityshouldbe limited to no more than 90 percent. Electricalequipmentandwiringusedinareas where methyl chloride is processed must meet local andnationalelectricalcoderequirements.In general, this equipment should meet NFPA Class I, Division2hazardouslocationrequirementsfor lighting,electricmotors,instrumentationandother electric powered equipment. Methyl chloride tanks and unloading facilities should be located away from areas containing fired heaters andotherpotentialignitionsources.Alltanksand pipingmustbeelectricallybondedandprovided with static electricity and lightning protection. Carbonsteelcontainersandpipingaresuitablefor handlingdrymethylchloride.Castor ductile iron andbrassorcopper-bearingalloysshouldnot beusedinmethylchlorideservice.Aluminum andaluminumalloysmustnotbeusedin methylchloridestorageorhandlingsystems sincetrimethylaluminumisformedwhen methylchloridecontactsaluminum.Zincand magnesiumalloysalsomustbeavoidedin equipment or piping for methyl chloride service. Gasketmaterialsinmethylchlorideserviceshould beGylon3504orDurlon9000.Othergasket materialsmaybeacceptable,butchemical compatibility must be verified prior to use. Allpipingandequipmentformethylchlorideshould bedesignedasaclosedandcontainedsystemso thechemical(bothliquidandvapor)iscontrolledat all times.Storage vessels must have both liquid and vapor piping with block valves located as close to the tank nozzles as possible. Inpipingorequipmentwhereliquidmethylchloride maybetrappedbetweenclosedvalves,expansion chambers should be installed. Maintenance of Storage Facilities Thissectioncoversrecommendedproceduresfor mostnormalmaintenanceonequipmentand systemsinmethylchlorideservice.Maintenance whichrequiresnon-standardproceduresshouldnot beattempteduntilallaspectsoftheworkandany potential safety hazards have been addressed. Aswithallworkinvolvinghazardouschemicals, personnelshouldbethoroughlytrainedinthe methods,precautionsanduseofprotective equipment required to safely perform the job. ClearingorDecontaminatingMethylChloride Equipment-Everyjobthatrequiresopeningany part of a methyl chloride system must begin with the removalofresidualmethylchloride.Equipmentor piping to be opened should be isolated from the rest oftheprocessandpurgedwithdrynitrogen.For vessels,pressurepurgingseveraltimesisusually mostefficient.Forpiping,asweeppurgemost quicklyeliminatesresidualmethylchloridevapors.Undernocircumstancesshouldcompressedair be used to purge methyl chloride.The use of air forremovaloftheresidualmethylchloridecould createaflammablesituationofmethylchloride vapors in air mixture. Afterresidualmethylchloridevaporshavebeen cleared,securityblindsthatprovideisolationduring maintenanceworkmustbeinstalledinall connections vessels or piping to be opened.If piping orequipmentcontainsmaterialsotherthanmethyl chloride,clearingproceduresforthosematerials shouldbecarriedoutafterthemethylchloridehas been removed. Extra precautions may be necessary 9 wheremethylchloridehasbeenabsorbedinto sludge,catalystsorothermaterialsthatmaybe present in the equipment or piping. Steaming is not recommended for clearing residual methylchloride.Whilesteamingeffectively removesmethylchloride,someinternalcorrosion could occur.If steam is required to clear materials otherthanmethylchloride,themethylchloride shouldbepurgedfirst.Beforetheequipmentor piping is put back into service, it must be completely dried. Vessel Entry- Entry into any confined space must bedoneinaccordancewithproperentry proceduresasrequiredby29CFR1910.146.Vessels which have contained methyl chloride must bethoroughlypurgedwithdrynitrogenand absolutelyisolatedfromallotherequipmentand piping before entry is allowed.The vessel must be checkedtomakesureallresidualchemicalshave beenremovedandthenensuredthereisan acceptableoxygen-containingatmosphereinside the vessel before human entry.Furthermore, some methodofforcedventilationthroughoutthevessel must be provided when working inside the vessel. If portable lighting is required, it must be low-voltage (maximum12volts)orconnectedtoatestedGFI-protected circuit.All power-driven devices (such as agitatorsandfeeders)mustbeelectricallylocked out.Hydraulicallydrivendevicesmustbefully disconnected from their fluid driving source. WeldingandCutting-Flamecuttingorwelding equipmentinmethylchlorideservice should not be performed until all chemical residue is removed and purgingisverifiedbyappropriatetestingdevices.Standard combustible gas detectors can be used if they have been calibrated for methyl chloride. Pumps,ReceiversandDrums-Process equipment must remain isolated with security blinds untilallmaintenanceworkiscomplete.If equipmentmustberemovedformaintenance,the disconnectedpipingmustbeblindflangeduntil workiscompleteandtheequipmentreturnedto service. Duringanymaintenance,allparts(including gaskets, shims orotherinternal materials) must be checkedtoensurethematerialiscompatiblewith methyl chloride at the anticipated service pressures andtemperatures.Allequipmentandpiping returnedtoservicefollowingmaintenanceor inspectionmustbepressuretestedforleaksand purgedwithdrynitrogentoremovemoistureand oxygen.Theoxygenendpointforreturning equipmenttomethylchloride service should be less that one percent by volume. Shipping ShippingContainers-Methylchlorideisclassified byDOTasaflammablegas(UN1063).OxyChem shipsmethylchlorideinrailtankcarsanddedicated tank trailers. Figure 5:Typical Methyl Chloride trailer TankTrailers-OxyChem'sdedicatedmethyl chloridetanktrailersaredesignedtoDOT specificationMC-331andcomewitheitherside unloadingorrearunloading.Customer-furnished pumpsormethylchloridevaporcompressorsare required for unloading.Net weight of methyl chloride carriedaboardatanktrailerisapproximately40,000 pounds. Figure 6:Side Connections Methyl chloride trailers are equipped with two 20 foot sectionsoftwo-inchhosewith3inchbrass hammer-typefemalefittingsthatcanbeconnected toanyofthetrailersvaporandliquidoutlets.The hose is rated at 300 psig test pressure and 250 psig 10 workingpressure.Methylchloridetrailersarealso equippedwithtwo250psigpressurereliefvalves, a liquid excess flow valve that shuts off at a flow of 298gallons/minuteandavaporexcessflowvalve that shuts off at a flow of 179 gallons/minute. Thetanktrailersarealsoequippedwithtwo emergencytriplevers,onelocatedatthefrontof thetrailerandtheotherattherear,whichcanbe pulled to close the liquid outlet valve and the vapor inlet valve. TankCars-OxyChemtankcarsarebuiltand insulatedtoDOTspecification105J300Wor 112J340W. Tank cars are available in 25,000, and 26,000 gallon capacities. Allconnectionstomethylchloriderailcarsare located in the tank car dome (see Figure 7).These connectionsincludetwo2"liquidoutletvalvesand one2vaporvalvealongwithapressurerelief valve, a thermowell and a sample valve.The vapor andliquidvalvesareequippedwith2"IPTfemale threaded connections.All valves are equipped with excessflowdevicesthatshutoffataflowof260 gallons/minute.Thepressurereliefvalveissetto discharge at 250 psig. Inaddition,OxyChemtankcarsareequippedwith amagneticlevelgaugewhichoperatesinthetop 50percentofthetank.Accordingto49CFR 173.314, these cars can be loaded to 99% of the total water capacity of the tank car. UNLOADING PROCEDURES Althoughmethylchloridemaybeunloadedfrom shippingcontainersusingeitherapumpora compressor,compressorunloadingis recommended for most installations.Regardless of themethodchosen,theshippingcontainerand storagevesselshouldbecomeaclosedsystemto ensurenomethylchlorideisreleasedtothe environmentduringunloading.Beforeunloading, allpiping,includingtheunloadinghose,mustbe purged and pressure tested with nitrogen to ensure therearenoleaks.Thisnitrogenpurgealso removesoxygenandothercontaminantsinthe piping.Unloading by use of nitrogen pressure is not recommendedasitwillintroducehighnitrogen levels into the methyl chloride product. DOTRegulationsfortankcarunloading(49CFR 174.67(i))requirethatthroughouttheentireperiod of unloading, and while the tankcar is connected to anunloadingdevice,thetankcarmustbeattended bytheunloader.Ifitisnecessarytodiscontinue unloadingatankcarforanyreason,allvalvesmust betightlyclosedandunloadingconnections disconnected.Thisisintendedtoassurethatthe flowofmethylchloridefromthetankcariscarefully controlledandthetankcarcanquicklybeshutoff shouldproblemsinunloadingdevelop.Lettersof clarificationfromDOTindicatethatattendingthe unloadingincludeshavinganemployeephysically presentattheunloadingsite,electronicmonitoring withremoteshut-offequipment,televisioncamera monitoringorbyanymeanswherethetankcaris monitoredandtheflowofmethylchloridecanbe stopped if unloading difficulties develop.

Figure 7: Typical Dome Arrangement (Liquid valves are parallel to the length of the tank car) However,therearesomeadditionalunloading requirements established for tank trailers designed to minimizethelikelihoodofuncontrolledproduct releases.Theseregulations(49CFR177.840(q)) require that an attendant remain within 25 feet of the 11 tank trailer during the unloading operation, and have an unobstructed view of the tank trailer and delivery hose to the maximum extent practicable. PumpUnloading-Pumpsuctionisconnectedto thecontainer'sliquidoutletandpumpdischargeis connectedtothestoragetank(seeFigure8).Compressor unloading is the preferred method. Thestoragetankvaporspaceispipedbacktothe containervaporinlet.Withthepumpinoperation, thevaporlineequalizespressurebetweenthe storagetankandtheshippingcontainerandallows thepumptooperateatminimumdischarge pressure. Figure 8:Pump Unloading Diagram Step1:Ifstoragepressureexceedstankcar pressure,openvalves1and6toequalize pressure. Iftankcarpressureexceedsstorage,open valves 5, 7 and 2. Valves 3, 4, 6 and 1 should be closed.Flow liquid until pressure equalizes. Step 2: Open valves 1, 6, 4, 5 and 2. Close valve 7. Startpumpandslowlyopenvalve3.Check level in storage. Step3:Whenunloadingiscomplete,closevalve3 and stop pump. Close 1, 5, 6, 2 and 4. Valve 7 shouldbeclosed.Purgealllineswithdry nitrogentoventsystem.Disconnectshipping container. Step 4: Reinstall all shipping plugs. Note:Valves5and6aretankcardomevalves. Only minimum valves and no instrumentation is shown. Dependingonthepump'scapacity,thedischarge valve may be throttled to prevent flashing of liquid in the suction line to the pump or to prevent setting the excess flow check valves.A pump will not remove vaporremainingintheshippingcontainer.Figure 13illustratesamorecomprehensivepump unloadingandtransferprocessandinstrument drawing(P&ID),includingaprimingdrumlocated adjacent to the pump. CompressorUnloading-Usingacompressorto unloadashippingcontainerdisplacestheliquid goingtothestorage tank with methyl chloride vapor (seeFigure9).Thisisthepreferredmethodof unloading.The liquid outlet of the tank car or truck is pipedtothestoragetankliquidinlet.Compressor suctionispipedtothestoragevessel'svaporoutlet whilethecompressordischargeisconnectedtothe shippingcontainer'svaporinlet.Apressure differentialof10to15psigismaintainedduring unloading.Depending on the compressor's capacity, thedischargevalvemaybethrottledtoprevent setting the excess flow check valves. Figure 9:Compressor Unloading Diagram Step1:Ifstoragepressureexceedstankcar pressure,openvalves1,3,7and5.Close valves 4 and 8 to equalize pressure. Iftankcarpressureexceedsstorage,open valves2and6toflowliquiduntilpressure equalizes. Step2:Openvalves1,3,4and5.Closevalves7 and 8.Start compressor. Open valves 2 and 6 slowlyandmaintaindifferentialpressureuntil all liquid is transferred. Step3:Afterliquidisunloaded,closevalve2and open valve 1, 7, 8 and 5. Close valves 3 and 4. Whentankcarpressurefallsto10psig,stop compressor.Close valves 5, 6, 1, 7 and 8. Step 4: Reinstall all shipping plugs and reverse DOT placards. Note:Valves5and6aretankdomevalves.Only minimumvalvesandnoinstrumentationis shown. Aftertheliquidisunloaded,compressorsuctionis switchedtotheshippingcontainerandthevaporis removedfromthecarortruckandpipedtothe storage tank.During this step, all liquid valves must beclosed.Neverallowpressureintheshipping 12 containertofallbelow10psig.Duringunloading, emergencyequipmentshouldbereadilyavailable andpersonneltrainedinitsuseshouldbein attendanceatalltimes.Afterunloadingis complete,allvalveplugsmustbereinstalledand tightened,andthedomecoversecuredforthe returntrip.Figure12illustratesamore comprehensivecompressorunloadingandtransfer facility P&ID. SPILLS AND PRECAUTIONS Methylchlorideisclassifiedasa,Division2.1, flammablegasunderUSDepartmentof Transportationregulations.TheappropriateDOT identification number is UN1063. Methyl chloride is generally stable when dry.In the presence of moisture, methyl chloride hydrolyzes to formcorrosivehydrochloricacid.Hydrochloricacid attacksmostmetalsandformshydrogengas, which is explosive. Methylchloridereactswithaluminumtoform trimethylaluminum,apyrophoricmaterial.Methyl chloridecreatesanexplosivemixtureoncontact with magnesium, sodium and other alkali metals; in contactwithsodium-potassiumalloys,itisimpact sensitiveandmayresultinanexplosion.Methyl chloride also attacks natural rubber. At room temperature and pressure, methyl chloride isstableincontactwithair.Athightemperatures, decomposition occurs. Avoid contact with flames or veryhotsurfaces.Whenburnedinair,methyl chlorideformshydrogenchlorideandphosgene, both of which are extremely hazardous. SPILLS Afterevacuatingthearea,stopthegasflow.Ifa fireoccurs,itshouldnotbeextinguisheduntilthe leak is isolated and stopped.Escaping unburned methylchlorideispotentiallyexplosive.Once thegasflowhasbeenstopped,drychemical,CO2 andwaterfogcanbeusedtoextinguishthefire.Waterspraycanbeusedtocooladjacent equipment,dispersevaporsandabsorbhazardous decomposition products. TheNationalResponseCenter(800-424-8802) must be notified of any uncontained releases to the environmentinexcessoftheReportableQuantity (100lbs.).Local,state,andFederalregulations concerningthereportingofmethylchloride releases must be followed. TECHNICAL DATA PRODUCT SAMPLING All methyl chloride sampling should be done in DOT specificationstainlesssteelpressuresampling cylinders using a closed loop system (see Figure 9). Closed loop sampling can be done almost anywhere inthesystemwhereapressuredifferentialexists, such as around control valves, pumps, vent systems or relief valves. Allsamplecylindersshouldbeequippedwithrelief valves and one end should have an internal dip tube aboutfour(4)inchesintotheendofthe500cc container.Thediptubeendmustbemarkedand positionedatthetopwhensampling.Thediptube preventsliquidfromcompletelyfillingthebomb, which could rupture the container. Figure 9:Typical Closed Loop Sampling Step 1: Connect cylinder inlet and outlet. Step 2: Open valves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Step 3: After cylinder fills, continue flow to ensure representative sample from line. Step 4: Close sample cylinder valves 3 and 4. Step 5: Close valves 2 and 5. Step 6: Close valves 1 and 6. Step 7: Slowly disconnect sample cylinder. 13 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Someofthephysicalpropertiesofmethylchloridearelisted.Liquiddensityandvaporpressurecurvesare included in Figures 10 and 11, respectively. -50 0 50 100 1506789Temperature, FLiquid Density, lb/gal

-50 0 50 100 150 200050100150200250300Temperature, FVapor Pressure, psia Figure 10:Methyl Chloride Liquid Density Figure 11:Methyl Chloride Saturated Vapor Pressure Boiling Point, at 1 atm .......................................... -10.7F Solubility, vol. gas/vol. water ................................. 2.2 @ 68F Specific Gravity, 20/4C ........................................ 0.92 Vapor Density, air=1 .............................................. 1.8 Vapor Pressure, mm Hg ....................................... 3600 @ 68F(54.9 psig) Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Electrostatic charges may build up during handling and may form ignitable vapor-air mixtures in storage containers. Ground equipment in accordance with industry standards and best practices such as NFPA 77 [Recommended Practices on Static Electricity (2007)] and American Petroleum Institute (API) RP Recommended Practice 2003 [Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents (2008)]. Lower Flammability Level (air): 8.1 % Upper Flammability Level (air): 17.4 % Flash point: -49.9 F (-45.5 C) (OC) Autoignition Temperature: 1170 F (632.2 C) Figure 12:Unloading and Transfer by Compressor Facility Process & Instrument Drawing Railcar or Tank Trailer Figure 13: Unloading and Transfer by Pump Facility Process & Instrument Drawing Railcar or Tank Trailer FURTHER INFORMATION Moredetailedinformationonmethylchlorideorany ofitsspecificapplicationsisavailableonrequest throughtheOxyChemTechnicalService Department. Technical Service Department OxyChem PO Box 12283 Wichita, KS67277-2283 800-733-1165 Ext. 1 www.OxyChem.com Important:Theinformationpresentedherein,while notguaranteed,waspreparedbytechnicalpersonnel and is true and accurate to the best of our knowledge. NOWARRANTYOFMERCHANTABILITYOROF FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE,OR WARRANTYORGUARANTYOFANYOTHERKIND, EXPRESSORIMPLIED,ISMADEREGARDING PERFORMANCE,SAFETY,SUITABILITY,STABILITY OROTHERWISE.Thisinformationisnotintendedto beall-inclusiveastothemannerandconditionsof use, handling, storage, disposal and other factors that mayinvolveotheroradditionallegal,environmental, safetyorperformanceconsiderations,andOxyChem assumesnoliabilitywhatsoeverfortheuseofor relianceuponthisinformation.Whileourtechnical personnel will be happy to respond to questions, safe handlinganduseoftheproductremainsthe responsibilityofthecustomer.Nosuggestionsfor useareintendedas,andnothinghereinshallbe construedas,arecommendationtoinfringeany existingpatentsortoviolateany Federal, State, local or foreign laws.