DEFINITION OF TEACHINGDEFINITION OF TEACHING

In my mind teaching is not In my mind teaching is not merely a life work, a profession, an merely a life work, a profession, an occupation, a struggle , it is passion. occupation, a struggle , it is passion.

William William LyonLyon

Teaching refers to activities Teaching refers to activities that are designed and performed to that are designed and performed to produce change in student behaviorproduce change in student behavior

ClarkeClarke

VIEWSVIEWS

PROCEED

PROCEED

STRUCTURE OF TEACHINGSTRUCTURE OF TEACHING

LECTURING LECTURING

Presentation of the Presentation of the content by the teacher to the content by the teacher to the students usually accompanied by students usually accompanied by some type of visual aid or hand out.some type of visual aid or hand out.

GUIDELINESGUIDELINES

GENERAL :GENERAL :• Try to motivate your students for Try to motivate your students for

attending to your lecture not only in the attending to your lecture not only in the beginning but to maintain it throughout.beginning but to maintain it throughout.

• Try to make use of the skill of stimulus Try to make use of the skill of stimulus variation by introducing the elements like variation by introducing the elements like pausing , changing voice tone , using pausing , changing voice tone , using gestures and physical movements, gestures and physical movements, adopting multimedia approach etc.adopting multimedia approach etc.

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

• Don’t waste your time in irrelvant facts Don’t waste your time in irrelvant facts and unrequired detailed explanation and unrequired detailed explanation

• Don’t turn your lecturing into mere paper Don’t turn your lecturing into mere paper reading or notes dictating task. reading or notes dictating task.

• Try to summarize the key points of the Try to summarize the key points of the presented material at the end of your presented material at the end of your lecture.lecture.

• Evaluation task at end of the lesson or in Evaluation task at end of the lesson or in mid course.mid course.

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

MOVEMENTS:MOVEMENTS:• Take centre stage – do not get stuck Take centre stage – do not get stuck

in a corner or behind a desk in a corner or behind a desk • Face the audience – do not face the board Face the audience – do not face the board

or screen when speakingor screen when speaking• Make eye contact with the students in all Make eye contact with the students in all

sections of the audience.sections of the audience.• Use natural gestures and facial expression Use natural gestures and facial expression

- but try to avoid mannerism- but try to avoid mannerism

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

• Move around the room – approach people Move around the room – approach people to get their attention and responseto get their attention and response

• Avoid blocking the audience’s view - watch Avoid blocking the audience’s view - watch for craning necksfor craning necks

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

SPEECH:SPEECH:• Slow and clear , and loud enough of Slow and clear , and loud enough of

everyone to hear naturally and lively – everyone to hear naturally and lively – variedvaried

• Write difficult new words on the board , Write difficult new words on the board , pronounce and explain thempronounce and explain them

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

INTERACTION: INTERACTION: • Try to interact with all participants – use Try to interact with all participants – use

name as appropriatename as appropriate• Ask the question suggested in the text- Ask the question suggested in the text-

ask different participantsask different participants• Allow time for the participant to answer- Allow time for the participant to answer-

don’t give answer too quickly –drop hintsdon’t give answer too quickly –drop hints• Respond encouragingly and positively to Respond encouragingly and positively to

all answer – correct errors gentlyall answer – correct errors gently

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

• Involve all students- include quiet ones – Involve all students- include quiet ones – control talkative onescontrol talkative ones

• Avoid discussion which are off point or Avoid discussion which are off point or distracting – postpone them if necessarydistracting – postpone them if necessary

• Try to give satisfactory answers to Try to give satisfactory answers to questions from participantsquestions from participants

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

VISUAL AIDS: VISUAL AIDS: • Have the required aids and equipment Have the required aids and equipment

ready – check and arrange them before ready – check and arrange them before the sessionthe session

• Make sure that everyone can see clearly- Make sure that everyone can see clearly- arrange the room so that they can point to arrange the room so that they can point to what you are taking about on the what you are taking about on the projector, or on the screen coverprojector, or on the screen cover

• Write large and clear on the board Write large and clear on the board

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

USE OF MATERIALS:USE OF MATERIALS:• Do not introduce too much extra material Do not introduce too much extra material

– but give local examples.– but give local examples.• Emphasize important points – do not leave Emphasize important points – do not leave

important point out important point out • Try to avoid repetition unless really usefulTry to avoid repetition unless really useful• If you find it necessary to read from the If you find it necessary to read from the

guide look at the audience sometimesguide look at the audience sometimes

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

• Consult useful reference books, current Consult useful reference books, current journals.journals.

• In support of your lecturing , you may In support of your lecturing , you may need to apply various tactics and need to apply various tactics and techniques like question and answer, techniques like question and answer, demonstration, use of black board , use of demonstration, use of black board , use of proper display material and Av aids .proper display material and Av aids .

GUIDELINES……GUIDELINES……

TIME MANAGEMENT:TIME MANAGEMENT:

• Keep to time – not too fast or nor too Keep to time – not too fast or nor too slowslow

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES

• Lecture is a method familiar to most Lecture is a method familiar to most teachers because it was typically the way teachers because it was typically the way they were taught .they were taught .

• Lecturing is a straightforward way to Lecturing is a straightforward way to impart knowledge to students quicklyimpart knowledge to students quickly

• Instructors also have a greater control Instructors also have a greater control over what is being taught in the class over what is being taught in the class room because they are the sole source of room because they are the sole source of informationinformation

ADVANTAGES ……ADVANTAGES ……

• A large number of students can be A large number of students can be accommodated at one time.accommodated at one time.

• It stimulates thinking to open discussion.It stimulates thinking to open discussion.• Multiple resources persons, knowledgeable Multiple resources persons, knowledgeable

and with different points of view can and with different points of view can interact with students.interact with students.

• Allows information of facts ,information Allows information of facts ,information and concepts in a relatively short span of and concepts in a relatively short span of time.time.

CHARACTERISTICCHARACTERISTIC

No interaction

Two-way communication   One-way communication

Educator-student questions  Few questions

Shared responsibility for active learning 

Small group, problem-solving activities 

Student depends on educator for all information 

No student activities 

Variety of supporting media   No supporting media

Limited note taking required (students have copies of lecture notes) 

Educator-student interaction  

Extensive note taking required

TIPS : TIPS : To Reduce Presentation AnxietyTo Reduce Presentation Anxiety

• Avoid eating a big meal before the lecture.  Avoid eating a big meal before the lecture.  • Arrive early to make sure that everything is ready Arrive early to make sure that everything is ready

before the first student arrives. before the first student arrives. • Make sure all of the media equipment is working. Make sure all of the media equipment is working. • Locate and check the lightingLocate and check the lighting• Decide where the lecture notes will be placed Decide where the lecture notes will be placed

(e.g., on desk, table) when they are not being (e.g., on desk, table) when they are not being held. held. 

MORE TIPSMORE TIPS

• Have a glass of water available during the Have a glass of water available during the lecture. lecture. 

• Go for a short walk just before the lecture. Go for a short walk just before the lecture. • Look over your lecture notes one last time. Look over your lecture notes one last time. • Take a few deep breaths to relax before Take a few deep breaths to relax before

beginning the lecture.beginning the lecture.

SUMMARYSUMMARY• The first few minutes of a lecturer are important The first few minutes of a lecturer are important

plan them well.plan them well.• Verbal communication skills are critical. Verbal communication skills are critical. • Nonverbal communication skills also are very Nonverbal communication skills also are very

important. these include eye contact , positive important. these include eye contact , positive facial expression ,gestures and movement.facial expression ,gestures and movement.

• Effective questioning and interaction.Effective questioning and interaction.• Evaluation(video recording or an observer can Evaluation(video recording or an observer can

assist)assist)