meth booklet
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
CDM METHODOLOGY
BOOKLET
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
Inormation including EB November
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United Nations
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
Foreord 3Abbreviations used in this booklet
Icons used in this booklet
I. Introduction 9
1.1. CDM project cycle and institutions 12
1.2. Categorization by mitigation activity type 13
1.3. Categorization by applied technology type/measure 1
1.. Introduction to methodology summary sheets 2
II. Methodologies or CDM project activities 31
2.1. Introduction to methodologies or CDM project activities 32
2.2. Methodological tools or CDM project activities 33
2.3. Methodologies or large scale CDM project activities 3
2.. Methodologies or small scale CDM project activities 136
III. Methodologies or aorestation and reorestation (A/R) CDM project activities 208
3.1. Introduction to methodologies or A/R CDM project activities 20
3.2. Methodological tools or A/R CDM project activities 210
3.3. Methodologies or large scale A/R CDM project activities 213
3.. Methodologies or small scale A/R CDM project activities 22
IV. Glossary 235
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
ACKNOwLEDEMENT
© United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
First edition: November 2010
Last updated: November 2011
Available online: <https://cdm.unccc.int/methodologies/>
In producing this booklet, the UNFCCC beneted rom the suggestions o Secretariat
sta and thoughtul comments rom several experts on the content that ould be
most helpul to people ishing to nd and understand the methodologies o interest
to them. In order to enhance its utility and respond to the needs o stakeholders
the Secretariat welcomes comments and suggestions, which can be emailed to:
This booklet ill also be updated regularly in order to reect changes in approved
methodologies and tools. The latest version o the booklet is available on the
UNFCCC ebsite. It is also possible to contact the UNFCCC Secretariat and request
CDs o the booklet.
For urther inormation contact:
United Nations Climate Change SecretariatMartinLutherKingStrasse
Bonn, Germany
Telephone +. .
Teleax +. .
www.unccc.int
Photos:
Cover Oetomo Wiropranoto CDM project 063: Darajat Unit III eothermal Project
Page Pedro Guinle CDM project 13: Primavera Small Hydroelectric Project
Page 31 Jie He CDM project 113: Jiangxi Fengcheng Mining Administration CMM Utilization Project
Page 3 Ling Gao CDM project 113: Jiangxi Fengcheng Mining Administration CMM Utilization Project
Page 136 Tao Ketu CDM project 230: Federal Intertrade Pengyang Solar Cooker Project
Page 20 Pedro Guinle CDM project 06: Incomex Hydroelectric Project
Page 213 Vietnam DNA CDM project 2363: Cao Phong Reorestation ProjectPage 22 Anabele Natividad CDM project 031: San Carlos Reneable Energy Project
Page 23 MSKVN Rao CDM project 00: Methane recovery and poer generation in a distillery plant
Art direction and design: Heller & C mbH, Cologne
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Environmental integrity is at the heart of the CDM and methodologies have amajor role in ensuring this integrity. Methodologies are required to establish
a project’s emissions baseline, or expected emissions without the project, and to
monitor the actual ongoing emissions once a project is implemented. The
difference between the baseline and actual emissions determines what a project
is eligible to earn in the form of credits. Methodologies are essential when
quantifying emission reductions in an uncapped environment on a project-by-
project basis.
The function of methodologies is easy to grasp, but the methodologies themselves
can be quite complex. They are necessarily diverse in their composition and
application in order to accommodate the wide range of activities and locales
covered by the CDM. Hence this publication, designed to guide users through
the complex world of CDM methodologies.
By clearly summarizing, classifying and illustrating the methodologies available
under the CDM, and then enhancing the means by which to search those
methodologies, this publication serves to guide potential CDM project participants.
It is my fervent hope, and that of the team that developed this work, that
it will contribute to a rise in the number of CDM projects, increase the use of
methodologies that directly benet women and children, and enhance the
regional distribution of projects, which is a key desire of Parties to the Kyoto
Protocol, the CDM Executive Board and this secretariat.
FOREwORD
Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary
United Nations Frameork Convention on Climate Change
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ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOKLET
% Percent
°C Degree Celsius
A/R Aorestation/ Reorestation
ACM Approved Consolidated Methodology
AL Aluminium
AM Approved Methodology
AMS Approved Methodology or Small-scale CDM
project activities
AOR Ammonia Oxidation Reactor
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
BS Baseline Sample roup
CACO3 Calcium Carbonate
CCHP Trigeneration (Combined Cooling, Heating and
Poer generation)
CDD Cooling Degree Days
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CDR Carbon Dioxide Recovery
CER Certied Emission Reduction
(CF3CF2C(0)
CF(CF3)2
Peruoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone
CFC Chlorouorocarbons
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamps
CH4 Methane
CHP Cogeneration (Combined Heat and Poer
generation)CM Combined Margin
CN Compressed Natural as
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CO Coke Oven as
COP Coecient o Perormance
CwPB Centre worked Pre-Baked
DC Direct Cool
DME Dimethyl ether
DMI Dry Matter Intake
DOE Designated Operational Entity
DOM Dead Organic Matter
DRI Direct Reduced Iron
DSS Decision Support System
Dww Deatered wasteater
EB Executive Board
FF Frost Free
H reenhouse as
IEE as Insulated Electrical Equipment
IS eographic Inormation System
wh igaatthours
wP lobal warming Potential
HDD Heating Degree Days
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HFC Hydrouorocarbon
HPO (process) Hydroylamin-Phosphat-Oxim (process)
HRS Heat Recovery Steam enerator
HSS Horizontal Stud Soederberg
IAI International Aluminium Institute
ICL Incandescent Lamps
IEC International Electronic Commission
I Intermediate as
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISO International Organization or Standardization
kg Kilogramme
km Kilometre
kV Kilovolt
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDPE Lo Density Polyethylene
LF Landll gas
LN Liqueed Natural as
LP Liqueed Petroleum as
LSC Large Scale
m Metre
m² Square metre
m³ Cubic metre
MgCO3 Magnesium Carbonate
MR Methane Rich as
MSw Municipal Solid waste
Mw Megaatt
N2O Nitrous Oxide
ODP Ozone Depleting PotentialPDD Project Design Document
PFC Peruorocarbon
PFPB Point Feeder Pre-Baked
PoA Programme o Activities
PS Project Sample roup
P-U Poer-Voltage (characteristic curve)
PUF Polyurethane Foam
PV Photovoltaic
RDF Reuse-Derived Fuel
RHF Rotary Hearth Furnace
SB Stabilized Biomass
SF6 Sulphur Hexauoride
SiMn Silicomanganese
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
SOC Soil Organic Carbon
SSC Small-scale
SwDS Solid waste Disposal Site
SwPB Side worked Pre-Baked
T Tailgas
VAM Ventilation Air Methane
VSS Vertical Stud Soederberg
w watt
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Fossil uel
Any kind o ossil uel used or combustion. Can be
gaseous, liquid or solid. E.g. natural gas, uel oil,
coal.
Carbon-intensive ossil uel
Any kind o carbon-intensive ossil uel used or
combustion. E.g. uel oil, coal.
Less-carbon-intensive ossil uel
Any kind o less-carbon-intensive ossil uel used
or combustion. E.g. natural gas.
Biomass
Unless stated otherise, reneable biomass is
implied. Type o biomass include residues, plant oil,
ood.
Fixation o CO in Biomass
Fixation o atmospheric CO2 rom the atmosphere in
biomass through the process o photosynthesis
Water
Any kind o ater. E.g. drinking ater, aste ater.
OilOil o ossil origin. E.g. crude oil.
Gas
Any kind o combustible gas. E.g. natural gas,
methane, biogas, landll gas.
Energy
Any kind o energy. This icon is used, i dierent
types o energy are depicted. E.g. electricity, heat,
steam or mechanical energy.
Electricity
Heat
Any kind o thermal energy. E.g. steam, hot air,
hot ater.
Cooling
Mechanical energy
Power plant
Any kind o plant, acility or equipment used to
produce electricity. This includes ossil-uel-red
poer plants, reneable poer plants such as hydro
poer plants, but also (small) photovoltaic systems.
Heat generation
Any kind o plant, acility or equipment used to
generate heat. This includes ossil-uel-red boilers
to generate steam, incinerators, but also small
applications such as radiators, cookers and ovens.
Energy generation
Any kind o plant, acility or equipment used to
generate energy. This icon represents any co- or
tri-generation system as ell as systems to provide
mechanical energy. The icon is also used, i either
electricity or heat are produced.
Electricity grid
This icon is used to depict all (ossil-uel-red) poer
plants connected and providing electricity to the grid
(e.g. national or regional grid).
Electricity distribution gridThis icon is used to depict an electricity distribution
system and is used hen generated electricity is/
has to be supplied to the electricity grid or i the
project activity occurs directly ithin the electricity
distribution system.
Heat distribution system
Any kind o heat distribution system.
E.g. steam system, district heating system.
Energy distribution system
Any kind o energy distribution system. E.g.
electricity grid or heat distribution system.
Gas distribution system
Any kind o gas distribution system. E.g. natural gas
pipeline system.
Exploitation
Any kind o exploitation activity such as mining
activities, oil and gas production.
Fossil fuel
Mechnicl
Fossil Fuel Power plnt
Fossil Fuel
Het
Biomss
Ener
Biomss
GridWter
ElectricitOil
Het
Gs
Ener
Ener
Gs
Electricit
Exploittion
Het
Coolin
ICONS USED IN THIS BOOKLET
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Drining water
Upgrade
Any type o upgrade. Can be retrotting o existing
equipment or installation o more-advanced
technology to displace existing less-advanced
equipment. E.g. replacement o incandescent light
bulbs by compact uorescent lamps. Also applicable
to upgrade agricultural activity processes.
Burning
Uncontrolled burning o biomass, aring or venting
o aste gas.
Controlled burning
Any kind o combustion or decomposition in
a controlled manner to dispose combustible
substances. Also combustion to produce eedstock
such as CO2. or heat.
Catalysis
Catalysis o substances (i.e. Hs) in order to convert
them into substances ith less or no wP.
LossesAny kind o losses rom leaks in pipe systems and
other distribution systems.
Release
Any kind o release o substances or energy ithout
using the substance or the energy content o the
substances.
Disposal
Any kind o disposal. E.g. landlling.
Treatment
Any kind o treatment o aste or materials,
e.g. production o RDF rom municipal aste.
Treatment
Any kind o treatment o asteater or manure,
e.g. lagoons, pits, aerobic treatment systems.
Production
The output o the production can be specied in
the icon caption. E.g. aluminium, iron, cement,
rerigerators.
Air
Input or output material
Any kind o material. Can be gaseous, liquid or solid.
E.g. ra materials, substances used or production,
products such as plastics. This icon is also used i a
H such as CO2 is used as eedstock.
Rerigerant
Rerigerant that contains HFC.
Cement
Products such as clinker, cement or bricks.
Waste
Any kind o aste. Can be gaseous, liquid or solid.
The specic substance can be specied in the icon
caption.Manure
Manure rom livestock.
Technology
Any kind o technology, equipment, appliance.
Lighting
Any kind o lighting equipment such as incandescent
light bulbs, compact orescent lamps.
Rerigerators and chillers
Any kind o rerigerator or chiller.
Burnin
Mteril
Burnin
Refriernt
Ctlsis
Cement
Losses
Wste
Relese
Mnure
Disposl
Technolo
Tretment
Lihtin
Refriertor
Drinkin wter
Uprde
ICONS USED IN THIS BOOKLET
Tretment
Production
Air
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Degraded land
Degraded land, e.g. ith cracks (not roots), no
vegetation on top. This symbol can be grouped
ith any o the land covers belo to depict a
combination (e.g. “degraded grassland” by shoing
both “land” and “grassland”)
Grassland
rass on ground ithout cracks.
Wetland
Lands ith et to moist soil, e.g. samp or peatland.
Shrub and/or single tree vegetation
Non-orest oody vegetation: shrubs and single
trees on “solid” ground (ithout cracks).
Aorestation/reorestation areas
Small aorestation/reorestation areas.
Settlement land
Land ithin settlements (parks, lans, etc.) or
along inrastructure (roads, poerlines, railays,aterays, etc.).
Sand dunes or barren land
Sand dunes or barren land ithout vegetation.
Agricultural land
Land ith crops on solid ground. Also plantations
not meeting denition o orest.
Contaminated land
May indicate chemically polluted land (e.g. mine
spoils) or naturally hostile land (e.g. naturally
occurring salinity or alkalinity). The specic type
is shon in the icon caption.
Land application
The material (e.g. sludge) is applied to land.
Planting or seeding
Aorestation/reorestation activity by planting,
seeding or other measures.
Greenhouse gas emissions
Emissions o greenhouse gases, i.e.:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Hydrouorocarbons (HFCs)
Peruorocarbons (PFCs)
Sulphur hexauoride (SF6). where applicalbe, the
specic H is presented in the icon caption.
Residential Consumer
Residential consumer, e.g. households.
Commercial Consumer
Commercial consumer, e.g. industrial or
institutional consumer.
Consumer
Residential or commercial consumer.
Buildings
Any kind o building.
Train
Any kind o train-based transport.
Bus
Any kind o bus-based transport.
Truc
Any kind o truck-based transport.
Car
Any kind o car-based transport.
Motorcycle
Any kind o motorcycle-based transport.
Ship
Any kind o transport based on ships or barges.
Snd/Brren
Ariculture
Contminted
Appliction
Plntin
ICONS USED IN THIS BOOKLET
Trin
Bus
Truck
Cr
Motorccle
Derded
Grsslnd
Wetlnd
Shrub/trees
Ship
A/R
Settlement
Buildins
GHG
Consumer
Consumer
Consumer
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Harvesting
Harvesting activity.
Fuelwood collection
Collecting uelood ithout ull-tree harvest.
Charcoal production
Charcoal production activity.
Livestoc
Any kind o livestock.
Animal grazing
razing livestock in pasture land or any other land.
Agricultural activity
Production o crops or livestock.
Women and childrenProject activities using these methodologies have a
particular potential to directly improve the lives o
omen and children.
Ar. ctivit
Hrvestin
Fuelwood
Chrcol
Livestock
Grzin
ICONS USED IN THIS BOOKLET
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I
CDM Methodology Booklet
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Introduction
Baseline and monitoring methodologies
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) requires
application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
in order to determine the amount of Certied EmissionReductions (CERs) generated by a mitigation project in
a project host country. Methodologies are classied into
four categories:
• Methodologies for large scale CDM project activities;
• Methodologies for small scale CDM project activities;
• Methodologies for large scale afforestation and
reforestation (A/R) CDM project activities;
• Methodologies for small scale A/R CDM project
activities.
PurPose of the Booklet
This booklet provides concise summaries of approved
CDM methodologies. It is arranged to assist CDM project
developers in identifying methodologies that are suitable
for their projects. The intention of producing the booklet
is to achieve the objective of the CDM Executive Board (EB)
to raise awareness of CDM methodologies.1
use of the Booklet
The booklet is intended for use by varied audiences
interested in the CDM and in particular potential CDM
project developers who already have an idea of the
mitigation projects they intend to implement. It facilitates
the initial selection of potentially applicable
methodologies. However, it cannot provide detailed
guidance on specic elements of each methodology nor
replace the approved methodologies. Therefore, the
project developers should refer to the original
methodologies available on the UNFCCC website.
Content of the Booklet
Each methodology summary sheet provides the following
information:
• Typical project(s) to which the methodology
is applicable;
• Type(s) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission
mitigation action;
• Important conditions for application of the
methodology;
• Key parameters that need to be determined
or monitored;
• Visual description of baseline and project scenarios.
how to find a suitaBle methodology
. CategoriZation By mitigation aCtivity tyPe
This way of looking up methodologies is according to the
relevant sectoral scopes and type of mitigation activities
such as renewable energy, low carbon electricity generation,
energy efciency measures, fuel and feedstock switch, GHG
destruction, GHG emission avoidance, displacement of a
more-GHG-intensive output and GHG removal by sinks.
Project developers knowing the type of mitigation activity
to be implemented in their projects can thus easily identify potentially suitable methodologies.
. CategoriZation By aPPlied teChnology tyPe/measure
This second way of looking up methodologies focuses on
the technology applied in the project. The categorization
by technology type enables project developers to identify
a set of comparable methodologies applicable to the
technology that is going to be implemented in their
projects.
1 See paragraph 120 <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cmp5/eng/16.pdf>.
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Introduction
after finding Potentially suitaBle methodologies
After identifying potentially applicable methodologies,
users should access the methodologies, which are available
on the UNFCCC website. It is also advisable to look at information about existing projects that have already
applied the methodologies, which is also available
through this website.
If there is no approved methodology applicable, then
one can propose a new methodology or request a revision
of an approved methodology or tool. In general, the
new methodology option should be pursued if a project
requires methodological approaches substantially different
from an approved methodology. The revision option is
suitable if an approved methodology is not applicable to
a project but the project is broadly similar to the project
to which the approved methodology is applicable. For
cases where an approved methodology is applicable to
a project but the project requires minor changes in the
methodology application due to the project-specic
circumstances, requesting a deviation of an approved
methodology could be considered.
If an approved methodology is unclear or ambiguous in
its methodological procedures, a request for clarication
may be submitted.2
WOMEN AND CHILDREN ICON
The dual goals of the CDM are to promote sustainable
development and reduce GHG emissions. The outcomes of
a CDM project should therefore directly or indirectly
improve the living conditions of all people. What has been
highlighted in the booklet is that some methodologies
have a particular potential to directly improve the Iives of
women and children effected by the project.
The criteria used to label these methodologies as having
particular benets for women and children are the
potential to:
• increase access to affordable household ttings and
appliances (e.g. light globes, refrigerators);
• optimize tasks typically undertaken by women or
children (e.g. fuel wood gathering, cooking, water
collection);
• improve the living environment of women and
children (e.g. better air quality, heating, lighting); or
• utilize community-based participatory approaches,
that give women and children an opportunity to
learn about the projects and contribute to decision
making processes.
In the case of A/R CDM activities this icon is also
indicated for projects that generate new local
employment opportunities because these positions
are often lled by women.
It is important to note that a methodology that has
not been labelled with this icon will not impact adversely
on women and children.
USEFUL LINkS
UNFCCC CDM website
<https://cdm.unfccc.int/>
CDM methodologies
<https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/index.html>
CDM projects
<https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/index.html>
CDM programmes of activities (PoA)
<https://cdm.unfccc.int/ProgrammeOfActivities/index.html>
CDM sectoral scopes
<https://cdm.unfccc.int/DOE/scopes.html#11>
UNEP Risø CDM pipeline analysis and database<http://cdmpipeline.org/>
2 See <https://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Procedures/index.html>.
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A CDM project must be registered by the CDM EB. The
project’s compliance with the CDM rules is assessed on the
basis of the Project Design Document (PDD). The central
elements of a PDD are:
• the assessment and demonstration of additionality;
• the identication of the baseline and the estimation
of emission reductions;
• the monitoring plan; and
• the presentation of the public stakeholder
consultation.
The validation is the independent assessment of the
project’s compliance with all CDM rules by a Designated
Operational Entity (DOE).
If the DOE determines that the requirements for a CDM
project have been met then they request the registration
of the project by the CDM EB. Registration constitutes
nal approval of a CDM project. This will be followed by
certication/verication by the DOE and CERs issued by
the EB. For an overview of the entire project cycle see<https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/index.html>.
.. Cdm ProJeCt CyCle and
institutions
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In addition to the methodology sectoral scopes3,
methodologies in this table are also categorized by the type of mitigation activity, these being renewable
energy, low carbon electricity generation, energy
efciency measures, fuel switch, GHG destruction,
GHG emission avoidance and GHG removal by sinks.
Sectoral scopes 1 to 3 (energy sectors – generation, supply
and consumption) are rst distinguished according to:
• Electricity generation and supply;
• Energy for industries;
• Energy (fuel) for transport;
• Energy for households and buildings.
And then categorized in terms of type of mitigation activity:
• Displacement of a more-GHG-intensive output:
i. Renewable energy;
ii. Low carbon electricity.
• Energy efciency;
• Fuel and feedstock switch.
Sectoral scopes 4 to 15 (other sectors) are categorized
according to these mitigation activities:
• Displacement of a more-GHG-intensive output;
• Renewable energy;
• Energy efciency;
• GHG destruction;
• GHG emission avoidance;
• Fuel switch;
• GHG removal by sinks.
desCriPtion of tyPes of mitigation aCtivities
disPlaCement of a more-ghg-intensive outPut
This category refers to project activities where the
consumption of a more-GHG-intensive output isdisplaced with the output of the project. The category is
separately dened because of the importance of not just
implementing the project activity, but also ensuring that
the more-GHG-intensive output is displaced by the output
of the project activity.
All renewable energy generation and low carbon energy
generation project activities are part of this category.
Many other methodologies are also allocated to this
category depending upon how the emission reductions
are calculated in the corresponding methodologies.
Examples:
• Power generation from waste energy recovery and
supply to a recipient who was receiving more-GHG-
intensive power;
• Power generation using renewable or low carbon
energy sources and export of power to a grid with
combined margin emission factor of more than zero
and/or to a recipient using fossil fuel based power in
the absence of project activity.
.. CategoriZationBy mitigation aCtivity
tyPe methodology
CategoriZation taBle
3 The Methodology categorization table allocates the methodology to the sectoral scope(s) that have been formally dened for it, which are primarily used as the basis of DOE accreditation.However, if there are additional sectoral scopes that are also applicable to the methodology,then the methodology is also shown in these sectors in the table. This is to make it potentially easier to look up the methodology.
There are to ays the booklet categorizes methodologies.
The rst approach – the methodology categorization table –
is based on the sectoral scopes dened by the UNFCCC
(see <https://cdm.unccc.int/DOE/scopes.html>). This table
allocates the methodology to generic mitigation activity types.
This approach is useul or project developers ho have not
yet made a technology choice or CDM stakeholders ho are
interested in a type o mitigation activity.
It structures methodologies according to technology and the
history o methodology development that has led to several
“amilies” o methodologies all relating to a specic technology.
It is appropriate or project developers ho have already
decided on a particular technology or their project .
Finding applicable methodologies — two categorization approaches
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Categorization by Mitigation Activity Type
(Methodology Categorization Table)
renewaBle energy
This category includes the use of various renewable
energy sources.
Examples:
• Hydro power plant;
• Wind power plant;
• Solar cooker;
• Biomass-red boiler.
low CarBon eleCtriCity
This encompasses mainly greeneld electricity generation
based on less carbon intensive fuel such as natural gas.
As no power plant exists at the project location before
implementation of the project, the mitigation activity is
not fuel switch. At the same time the applied technology
might not be best available technology, differentiating
it from energy efciency measures. A typical low carbon
electricity project is the construction of a greeneld
natural-gas-red power plant.
energy effiCienCy
The category energy efciency includes all measures
aiming to enhance the energy efciency of a certain
system. Due to the project activity, a specic output or
service requires less energy consumption. Waste energy
recovery is also included in this category.
Examples:
• Conversion of a single cycle to a combined
cycle gas-red power plant;
• Installation of a more efcient steam turbine;
• Use of highly efcient refrigerators or compact
uorescent lamps;
• Recovery of waste heat from ue gases;
• Recovery and use of waste gas in a production
process.
fuel or feedstoCk switCh
In general, fuel switch measures in this category will
replace carbon-intensive fossil fuel with a less-carbon-
intensive fossil fuel, whereas a switch from fossil fuel torenewable biomass is categorized as “renewable energy”.
In case of a feedstock switch, no differentiation between
fossil and renewable sources is applied.
Examples:
• Switch from coal to natural gas;
• Feedstock switch from fossil sources of CO2
to renewable sources of CO2;
• Use of different raw material to avoid GHG
emissions;
• Use of a different refrigerant to avoid GHG
emissions;
• Blending of cement in order to reduce demand
for energy intensive clinker production.
ghg destruCtion
The category GHG destruction covers activities that aim
at the destruction of GHG. In many cases, the project
includes capture or recovery of the GHG. The destruction
is achieved by combustion or catalytic conversion of GHGs.
Examples:
• Combustion of methane (e.g. biogas or landll gas);
• Catalytic N2O destruction.
ghg emission avoidanCe
This category includes various activities where the release
of GHG emissions to the atmosphere is reduced or avoided.
Examples:
• Avoidance of anaerobic decay of biomass;
• Reduction of fertiliser use.
ghg removal By sinks
All A/R activities are allocated to this category. Through
photosynthesis in plants, CO2 from the atmosphere is
removed and stored in form of biomass.
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Categorization by Mitigation Activity Type
(Methodology Categorization Table)
Sectoral scope Type
Electricitygenerationand supply
Energy orindustries
Energy (uel)or transport
Energy orhouseholdsand buildings
Energy industries
(reneable-/
non reneable sources)
Displacement o a
moreGHGintensive
output
Reneable
energy
AM0007
AM0019
AM0025
AM0026
AM0042
AM0052
AM0085
ACM0002
ACM0006
ACM0018
ACM0020
AMS-I.A.
AMS-I.C.
AMS-I.D.
AMS-I.F.
AMS-I.G.AMS-I.H.
AM0007
AM0025
AM0036
AM0053
AM0069
AM0075
AM0089
ACM0006
ACM0020
AMS-I.C.
AMS-I.F.
AMS-I.G.
AMS-I.H.
AM0089
ACM0017
AM0025
AM0053
AM0069
AM0072
AM0075
AM0094
AMS-I.A.
AMS-I.B.
AMS-I.C.
AMS-I.E.
AMS-I.F.
AMS-I.G.
AMS-I.H.
AMS-I.I.
AMS-I.J.
Lo carbon
electricity
AM0029
AM0074
AM0087
AM0087
Energy
eciency
AM0014
AM0024
AM0048
AM0049
AM0061
AM0062
AM0076
AM0084
ACM0007
ACM0012
ACM0013
AMS-II.B.
AMS-II.H.
AMS-III.AL.
AM0014
AM0024
AM0048
AM0049
AM0054
AM0055
AM0056
AM0076
AM0084
AM0095
AM0098
ACM0012
AM0058
AM0084
Fuel/eedstock
sitch
AM0045
AM0048
AM0049
ACM0011
AMS-III.AG.
AMS-III.AH.
AMS-III.AM.
AM0014
AM0048
AM0049
AM0056
AM0069
AM0081
ACM0009
AMS-III.AM.
AM0081
Table VI. Methodology Categorization in the Energy Sector
Methodologies or large scale CDM project activities
Methodologies or small scale CDM project activities
Methodologies or small and large scale aforestation and reorestation (A/R) CDM project activities
AM0000 Methodologies that have a particular potential to directly improve the lives o women and children
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Categorization by Mitigation Activity Type
(Methodology Categorization Table)
Sectoral scope Type
Electricitygeneration
and supply
Energy or
industries
Energy (uel)
or transport
Energy orhouseholds
and buildings
Energy distribution Reneable
energy
AM0045 AM0053
AM0069
AM0075
Energy
eciency
AM0045
AM0067
AM0097
AMS-II.A.
Fuel/eedstock
sitch
AM0045 AM0077
Energy demand Reneable
energy
AMS-III.AE.
AMS-III.AR.
Energy
eciency
AMS-III.AL. AM0020
AM0044
AM0060
AM0068
AM0088
AM0017
AM0018
AMS-I.I.
AMS-II.C.
AMS-II.F.
AMS-II.G.AMS-II.L.
AM0020
AM0044
AM0046
AM0060
AM0086
AM0091
AMS-II.C.
AMS-II.E.
AMS-II.F.
AMS-II.G.
AMS-II.J.AMS-II.k.
AMS-II.L.
AMS-II.M.
AMS-III.AE.
AMS-III.AR.
AMS-III.AV.
AMS-III.X.
Fuel/eedstock
sitch
AMS-III.B. ACM0003
ACM0005
AMS-II.F.
AMS-III.B.
AMS-II.F.
AMS-III.B.
Table VI. Methodology Categorization in the Energy Sector (continued)
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Categorization by Mitigation Activity Type
(Methodology Categorization Table)
Sectoral scopeRenewableenergy
EnergyEciency
GHGdestruction
GHG formation
avoidanceFuel/Feedstock
SwitchGHG removalby sinks
Displacement
of a more-GHG-
intensive output
Manuacturing industries AM0007
AM0036
ACM0003
AMS-III.Z.
AMS-III.AS.
AM0014
AM0024
AM0049
AM0055
AM0070
ACM0012
AMS-II.D.
AMS-II.H.
AMS-II.I.
AMS-III.P.
AMS-III.Q.
AMS-III.V.
AMS-III.Z.
AMS-III.AS.
AM0078
AM0096
AMS-III.k.
ACM0005
AM0041
AM0057
AM0065
AM0092
AMS-III.L.
AM0014
AM0049
AM0092
ACM0003
ACM0005
ACM0009
ACM0015
AMS-III.N.
AMS-III.Z.
AMS-III.AD.
AMS-III.AM.
AMS-III.AS.
AM0070
AM0095
ACM0012
Chemical industries ACM0017
AM0053
AM0075
AM0089
AM0055
AMS-III.AC.
AMS-III.AJ.
ACM0019
AM0021
AM0028
AM0034
AM0051
AM0098
AMS-III.M.
AMS-III.AI.
AM0027
AM0037
AM0050
AM0063
AM0069
AMS-III.J.
AMS-III.O.
AM0055
AM0069
AM0081
AM0098
Construction
Transport AMS-III.T.AMS-III.Ak.
AMS-III.AQ.
AM0031AM0090
ACM0016
AMS-III.C.
AMS-III.S.
AMS-III.U.
AMS-III.AA.
AMS-III.AP.
AMS-III.AT.
AMS-III.S.
Mining/mineral production ACM0003 ACM0008
AM0064
AMS-III.W.
ACM0005
ACM0015
Metal production AM0082 AM0038
AM0059
AM0066
AM0068
AMS-III.V.
AM0030
AM0059
AM0065
AM0082
Table VI. Methodology Categorization other Sectors
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Categorization by Mitigation Activity Type
(Methodology Categorization Table)
Sectoral scopeRenewableenergy
EnergyEciency
GHGdestruction
GHG formation
avoidanceFuel/Feedstock
SwitchGHG removalby sinks
Displacement
of a more-GHG-
intensive output
Fugitive emissions rom
uel (solid, oil and gas)
AM0064
ACM0008
AMS-III.W.
AM0023
AM0043
AM0009
AM0037
AM0077
AM0074 AM0009
AM0077
Fugitive emissions rom
production and consumption
o halocarbons and SF6
AM0001
AM0078
AM0096
AMS-III.X.
AM0035
AM0065
AM0079
AM0092
AMS-III.X.
AM0071
AM0092
AMS-III.AB.
Solvent use
waste handling
and disposal
AM0025 AMS-III.AJ. AM0073
ACM0001
ACM0010
ACM0014
AMS-III.G.
AMS-III.H.
AMS-III.AF.
AM0025
AM0039
AM0057
AM0080
AM0083
AM0093
AMS-III.E.
AMS-III.F.
AMS-III.I.
AMS-III.Y.
AMS-III.AO.
Land-use, land-use
change and orestry
AR-AM0002
AR-AM0004
AR-AM0005AR-AM0006
AR-AM0007
AR-AM0009
AR-AM0010
AR-AM0011
AR-AM0012
AR-AM0013
AR-AM0014
AR-ACM0001
AR-ACM0002
AR-AMS0001
AR-AMS0002
AR-AMS0003
AR-AMS0004
AR-AMS0005
AR-AMS0006
AR-AMS0007
Agriculture AM0073
ACM0010
AMS-III.D.
AMS-III.R.
AMS-III.A.
AMS-III.AU.
Table VI. Methodology Categorization other Sectors (continued)
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There has been distinct development phases of
methodologies over time, leading to “families” when
one methodology catalyzed the development of other
methodologies.4 The gures below show the families of
methodologies in form of family trees. They are designed
as follows: Each methodology is denoted by a box showing
its unique identication number. Methodologies that can
be found in the same family tree deal with comparable
technologies or measures.
.. CategoriZation
By aPPlied teChnology
tyPe/measuremethodology family
trees
Figure VII. Methodologies or renewable electricity
Biomss electricit
Grid electricit
Offrid electricit
Enhnced enertion
AMS-I.F.
AM
AMS-I.A.
AM
ACM
AM
AM
ACM ACM
AM
ACM AMS-I.D.
AM
Cptive power
4 The concept of methodology families and family trees was initially adopted in t he following
guidebook: Understanding CDM Methodologies: A guidebook to CDM Rules and Procedures,
written by Axel Michaelowa, Frédéric Gagnon-Lebrun, Daisuke Hayashi, Luis Salgado Flores,
Phlippe Crête and Mathias Krey, commissioned by the UK Department for Environment Food
and Rural Affairs (© Crown Copyright 2007 ).
The guidebook can be downloaded at: <http://www.perspectives.cc/home/groups/7/
Publications/CDM_Guidebook_Perspectives_DEFRA_122007.pdf>.
Methodologies or large scale CDM project activities
Methodologies or small scale CDM project activities
Methodologies or small and large scale aforestation and reorestation (A/R) CDM project activities
AM0000 Methodologies that have a particular potential to directly improve the lives o women and children
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Figure VII. Methodologies or ecient or lesscarbonintensive ossiluelred power plants
Co- or trienertion
Gs – newl built AM
Fuel cell – newl built AMS-III.AC.
Col – newl built ACM
Low crbon electricit AM
Ener efficienc
AM
AMS-II.B.
AM
AM
ACM
ACM
AMS-III.AL.
AM
AM
AMS-II.H.
AM AM
AMS-II.K.
AM
AMS-III.AM.
AM
Figure VII. Methodologies or renewable energy (thermal or mechanical energy)
Renewble thermlener
Renewble mechnicl
enerAMS-I.B.
AM
AM
AMS-I.I. AMS-I.J.
AM AM
ACM AMS-I.C. AMS-I.E.
AM
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Col/oil to s
Other low-crbon fuels
AM ACM AMS-III.Z.
AMS-III.AG.
ACM
AMS-III.AH.
ACM AMS-II.F. AMS-III.B.
AMS-I II.AM. AMS-I II.AN.
AMS-III. AN. AMS-III. AS.
AMS-III.AM.
Figure VII. Methodologies or biouel
Biodiesel
Plnt oil
ACM AMS-I.H. AMS-III.AK.
AMS-I.G. AMS-III.T.
AM
Bio-CNG AMS-III.AQ.
Figure VII. Methodologies or uel switch
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Figure VII. Methodologies or industrial energy eciency
Wter pumpin
Stem sstems
AM
Wste s/ener recover
AM
Metl
AM
AM AM ACM
AM AM
AMS-II.I.
AMS-III.P.
AM
AMS-III.Q.
AM
AM AM
AMS-III.V.
Boilers AM AM AM AMS-II.D.
Chillers AM
District hetin AM
Ariculture
Lihtin
AMS-II.F. AMS-III.A.
Other/vrious technoloies AM AMS-II.C. AMS-II.D.
AMS-II.C.
AM AM
AMS-II.L.
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Wter pumpin
Cookstove
AMS-II.C.
Wter purier AM AMS-II.C. AMS-III.AV.
Refriertors/chillers
Wter svin AMS-II.M.
AM AM
Lihtin AM AMS-II.C.
AMS-III.AR.
Whole buildin AM AMS-II.E. AMS-III.AE.
AMS-II.C. AMS-III.X.
AMS-II.J. AMS-II.L.
Other/vrious technoloies AMS-II.C.
AMS-II.C. AMS-II.G.
Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Figure VII. Methodologies or household & building energy eciency
Figure VII. Methodologies or gas faring and gas leak reduction
Compressors nd
distribution sstems
Oil production
AM
Pipe replcement AM
AM AM AM
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Figure VII. Methodologies or eedstock switch
Cement blendin
Cement
ACM
Inornic AM AM
Pper AM AMS-III.M.
Plstic AMS-III.AJ.
Other industries AM AMS-III.J. AMS-III.AD.
Avoidnce/decrese
of useAMS-III.AI.
ACM
Figure VII. Methodologies or industrial gases
Other HFCs
HFC-
AM AMS-III.N.
NO, dipic cid AM
ACMNO, nitric cid
AMS-III.X.
AM AM AM
PFC AM AM AM AM
SF AM AM AM
AMS-III.AB.
AM
AM
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Figure VII. Methodologies or waste management and wastewater
Alterntive tretment –
burnin
Alterntive tretment –
compostin
AM AMS-III.E.
AMS-III.R. AMS-III.Y.
Alterntive tretment –
erobicAM AM
Lndll s ACM AMS-III.G.
AMS-III.L.
Loons nd biodiester –
biosACM AMS-III.H. AMS-III.AO.
Mnure nd comprble
niml wsteAM ACM AMS-III.D.
Aerobic wstewter
tretment AM AMS-III.I.
Bioenic methne AM AM AM AMS-III.O.
AM AM AMS-III.F. AMS-III.AF.
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Bus sstems
Mss rpid trnsit sstems ACM AMS-III.U.
Ener efficienc
throuh retrotsAMS-III.AA. AMS-III.C. AMS-III.AP.
AMS-III.AT.
Fuel switch
throuh retrotsAMS-III.S. AMS-III.AQ.
AM
Trnsporttion of cro AM
Technolo for
improved drivin
Figure VII. Methodologies or transport
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Categorization by Applied Technology Type/Measure
(Methodology Family Trees)
Figure VII. Other methodologies
Methne from
minin ctivities
Chrcol production AM AMS-III.K.
Electricit rid connection
Rice cultivtion
AM
Efficient trnsmission
nd distributionAM AM
Afforesttion
nd reforesttion
AR-AM
AR-AM
AR-ACM
AR-AMS
AM
AMS-II.A.
AMS-III.AU.
AR-AM
AR-AM
ACM
AR-AM
AR-AM
AR-AM
AR-AM
AR-ACM AR-AMS AR-AMS
AR-AM AR-AM AR-AM
AR-AMS AR-AMS AR-AMS
AMS-III.W.
AR-AMS
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The methodology summaries are distinguished as being
for large and small scale CDM project activities, large scale
and small scale A/R CDM project activities, as described
in the introduction. Each methodology summary sheet
has the sections as follows:
tyPiCal ProJeCt(s) aPPliCaBle to the methodology
Projects for which the methodology is applicable are
described. Practical examples are mentioned for better
understanding of the purpose of the specic methodology.
tyPe(s) of greenhouse gas (ghg) emission mitigation
This refers to the type of mitigation activity presented in
the methodology categorization table (section 1.2. above).
The type of mitigation action, such as fuel switch or energy
efciency is briey described.
imPortant Conditions for aPPliCation of the methodology
Methodologies are only applicable under particular
conditions and the most relevant conditions are listed in
this section. However, not all conditions can be listed and
it is important to consult the full text of each methodology.
key Parameters that need to Be determined or monitored
In order to calculate emission reductions of a project,
certain parameters have to be determined at the project
start when it is validated and various parameters haveto be monitored during the operation of the project.
Therefore this section is divided into parameters “at
validation” and parameters “monitored”. In addition,
some methodologies require checking of specic
conditions or parameters to prove that applicability
conditions are met.
visual desCriPtion of Baseline and ProJeCt sCenarios
The baseline and project scenario are described with
simplied diagrams. The baseline scenario represents the
situation that would occur in the absence of the project.
The project scenario refers to the situation that is achieved
by implementation of the project. Complex scenarios
cannot be displayed by a simplied diagram. Therefore,
the simplied diagrams focus on the main activity that
results in emission reductions. The diagrams do not
replace the necessity to consult the full methodology text.
.4. introduCtion
to methodology
summary sheets
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Introduction to Methodology Summary Sheets
exemPlifiCation of diagrams
Full intensity in the baseline scenario is depicted ith bold colour.
Reduced, decreased intensity in the project activity is depicted ith pale colour.
Avoidance and replacement is depicted ith crossed icons.
A carbon-intensive ossil uel is used in the baseline scenario.
Instead o the carbon-intensive ossil uel, a less-carbon-intensive ossil uel
is used due to the project activity.
A less-ecient technology is used in the baseline scenario.
A more-ecient technology is used due to the project activity.
Activities in the baseline scenario result in H emissions.
Less H emissions are occurring due to the project activity.
Ener
Ener
Ener
Production
Production
Production
GHG
GHG
GHG
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel Fossil fuel
Technolo
Uprde Technolo
GHG
GHG
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Introduction to Methodology Summary Sheets
Electricit
Grid
Power plnt
Fossil fuel
exemPlifiCation of diagrams
Activities in the baseline scenario result in H emissions.
These H emissions are avoided due to the project activity.
Electricity is either produced by poer plants connected to the grid
or a captive poer plant using ossil uel.
Biomass is either lef to decay or burned in an uncontrolled manner.
The project boundary encompasses all emissions o greenhouse gases under
the control o the project participants that are signicant and reasonably attributable
to the CDM project. Due to the simplication o the diagrams, please consult each
methodology or the detailed delineation o the project boundary.
Disposl
Burnin
Biomss
GHG
GHG
Baseline situation
Project situation
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Chaptername Xxxzz, Sample Text
Secont Line Lorem Ipsum Dolore
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
METHODOLOGIESFOR CDM PROJECT
ACTIVITIES
Chapter II
CDM Methodology Booklet
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Methodologies provide the information that is required
in order to determine the amount of Certied Emission
Reductions (CERs) generated by a mitigation project. The
following main sections can be found in a methodology:
• Denitions that are required to apply the
methodology;
• Description of the applicability of the methodology;
• Description of the project boundary;
• Procedure to identify the baseline scenario;
• Procedure to demonstrate and assess additionality;
• Procedure to calculate emission reductions;
• Description of the monitoring procedure.
Further guidance to project developers is available in
form of methodological tools, guidance, guidelines and
procedures (available through the CDM website).
Methodologies for large scale projects can be used
for projects of any size, whereas simplied small-scale
methodologies can only be applied if the activity is
within certain limits. Simplied small-scale methodologies
are grouped into three different types:
• Type I: Renewable energy projects with a maximum
output capacity equivalent to up to 15 MW (or an
appropriate equivalent);
• Type II: Energy efciency improvement projects
which reduce energy consumption, on the supply
and/or demand side, by up to the equivalent of
60 GWh per year;
• Type III: Other projects that both reduce
anthropogenic emissions by sources and directly
emit less than 60 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide
equivalent annually.
More detailed information on specic limits can be found
in each small-scale methodology.
2.1. introduCtion to
methodologies for Cdm
ProJeCt aCtivities
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Methodological tools are generic modules that can be
referenced in large scale and small scale methodologies in
order to determine a specic condition (e.g. additionality
of a CDM project) or to calculate particular emissions (e.g.
emissions from electricity consumption). It is stated in the
methodology if a methodology requires application of a
certain methodological tool. A list and a short description
of current methodological tools can be found below.
These tools can be accessed from the CDM website.
Tools that apply to A/R methodologies are described in
Section III.
tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality
The tool provides a step-wise approach to demonstrate and
assess the additionality of a CDM project. These steps are:
Step 1 Identication of alternatives to the project activity;
Step 2 Investment analysis
Step 3 Barriers analysis; and
Step 4 Common practice analysis.
The tool includes the Annex: “Guidance on the assessment
of the investment analysis” and is required by many
methodologies.
ComBined tool to identify the Baseline sCenario
and demonstrate additionality
This tool provides for a step-wise approach to identify
the baseline scenario and simultaneously demonstrateadditionality. Similar to the “Tool for the demonstration
and assessment of additionality” the procedure is based
on four steps, however in a different order:
Step 1 Identication of alternative scenarios;
Step 2 Barrier analysis;
Step 3 Investment analysis (if applicable);
Step 4 Common practice analysis.
The tool includes also the Annex: “Guidance on the
assessment of the investment analysis” and is required
by various types of methodologies.
tool to CalCulate ProJeCt or leakage Co2 emissions
from fossil fuel ComBustion
This tool provides procedures to calculate project and/or
leakage CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels.
It can be used in cases where CO2 emissions from fossil
fuel combustion are calculated based on the quantity of
fuel combusted and its properties. This tool is required
by methodologies whenever fossil fuel combustion isrelevant in the project scenario or leakage.
tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disPosal
of waste at a solid waste disPosal site
This tool calculates baseline emissions of methane from
waste that would in the absence of the project activity
be disposed at solid waste disposal sites (SWDS). Emission
reductions are calculated with a rst order decay model.
The tool is applicable in cases where the solid waste
disposal site can be clearly identied. The tool is required
by landll methodologies (e.g. ACM0001 or AMS-III.G.),
composting methodologies (e.g. AM0025 or AMS-III.F.)
and biomass methodologies (e.g. ACM0006 or AMS-III.E.).
2.2. methodologiCal
tools for Cdm
ProJeCt aCtivities
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4United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
Methodological Tools or CDM Project Activities
and Small Scale CDM Project Activities
tool to CalCulate Baseline, ProJeCt and/or leakage
emissions from eleCtriCity ConsumPtion
This tool provides procedures to estimate the baseline,
project and/or leakage emissions associated with theconsumption of electricity. The tool may, for example,
be required by methodologies where auxiliary electricity
is consumed in the project and/or the baseline scenario.
tool to determine ProJeCt emissions from flaring
gases Containing methane
This tool provides procedures to calculate project emissions
from aring of a residual gas stream containing methane.
Due to incomplete aring of methane or even non-
operation of the are, methane emissions may occur
in the project scenario. By determination of a aring
efciency, such effects are taken into account. The tool is
mainly required by landll gas and biogas methodologies.
tool to CalCulate the emission faCtor
for an eleCtriCity system
This methodological tool determines the CO2 emission
factor of electricity generated by power plants in an
electricity system, by calculating the “combined margin”emission factor of the electricity system. The combined
margin is the result of a weighted average of two emission
factors of the electricity system: the “operating margin”
and the “build margin”. The operating margin is the
emission factor of the thermal power plants and all plants
serving the grid. The build margin is the emission factor
of a group of recently built power plants. This tool is
required whenever electricity consumption or generation
is relevant in the baseline and/or project scenario or
in terms of leakage. It is particularly relevant for grid-
connected electricity generation methodologies.
tool to determine the mass flow of a greenhouse gas
in a gaseous stream
This tool provides procedures to determine the mass
ow of a greenhouse gas in a gaseous stream, based on
measurements of (a) the total volume or mass ow of the
gas stream and (b) the volumetric fraction of the gas in
the gas stream. The volume ow, mass ow and volumetric
fraction may be measured on a dry basis or wet basis.
tool to determine the Baseline effiCienCy of thermal
or eleCtriC energy generation systems
The tool describes various procedures to determine the
baseline efciency of an energy generation system suchas a power plant or an industrial boiler, for the purpose
of estimating baseline emissions. The tool is used in
case of projects that improve the energy efciency of
an existing system through retrots or replacement of
the existing system by a new system. This tool provides
different procedures to determine the baseline efciency
of the system: either a) a load-efciency function is
determined which establishes the efciency as a function
of the operating load of the system or b) the efciency
is determined conservatively as a constant value.
tool to determine the remaining lifetime of equiPment
The tool provides guidance to determine the remaining
lifetime of baseline or project equipment. An application
of the tool would be for projects which involve the
replacement of existing equipment with new equipment
or which retrot existing equipment as part of energy
efciency improvement activities. Under this tool, impacts
on the lifetime of the equipment due to policies and
regulations (e.g. environmental regulations) or changes
in the services needed (e.g. increased energy demand)are not considered.
tool for ProJeCt and leakage emissions from road
transPortation of freight
This tool provides procedures to estimate project and/or
leakage CO2 emissions from road transportation of
freight by vehicles. Two options are provided to determine
these emissions:
• Option A: Monitoring fuel consumption; or
• Option B: Using conservative default values.
This tool is applicable to project activities which involve
road transportation of freight by vehicles and
where transportation is not the main project activity.
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CDM Methodology Booklet
.. METHODOLOIES
FOR LARE SCALE
CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Chapter II
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0001
Typical project(s) Destruction o HFC- generated during the production o HCFC- that otherise ouldbe vented into the atmosphere.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Thermal destruction o HFC- emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheHCFC-22productionfacilityhasanoperatinghistoryofatleastthree years beteen the beginning o the year and the end o the year 4 andhas been in operation rom 5 until the start o the project;
• TheHFC-23destructionoccursatthesameindustrialsitewheretheHCFC-22production acility is located;
• Thereisnoregulatoryrequirementfordestructionofthetotalamountof HFC- aste.
Important parameters At validation:
• ThemaximumhistoricalannualproductionofHCFC-22duringanyofthemostrecent three years o operation beteen the year and 4;
• TheminimumhistoricalrateofHFC-23generationintheHCFC-22production during any o the most recent three years o operation up to 4.
Monitored:
• ProductionofHCFC-22;• QuantityofHFC-23destroyed;• QuantityofHFC-23notdestroyed.
BASELINE SCENARIO
HFC- generated during theproduction o HCFC- isreleased to the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOHFC- is destroyed in theHCFC- production acility.
AM0001 Incineration o HFC 23 aste streams
HCFC HFCReleseHFC
HCFC
Fossil fuel
CO
HFCRelese
HFC
Decomposition
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Reurbishment and uel sitch o reneable biomass cogeneration projects connectedto the grid hich operate in seasonal mode and use other uel during the o-season,hen biomass – or instance bagasse in case o a sugar mill – is not being produced.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive poer generation using ossil uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theproposedprojecthasaccesstobiomassthatisnotcurrentlyusedfor energy purposes.
Important parameters At validation:
• Leakageemissionsduetobiomasstransportandcrowdingoutofbiomassfor
other plants;• Baselineemissionfactorofthecogenerationplantbasedontheuseofthe
least-cost uel available (usually ossil uel).
Monitored:
• Powergeneratedbytheproject;• Quantityofbiomassusedintheproject;• Electricityandfossilfuelconsumptionoftheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOPoer ould be producedith the least cost uel(usually ossil uels) in the
absence o the project.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o reneable biomass orpoer generation avoids the useo ossil uel.
Fossil fuel Electricit
HetBiomss
Coenertion CO
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
HetBiomss
Coenertion
AM0007 Analysis o the least-cost uel option orseasonally-operating biomass cogeneration plants
AM0007
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Associated gas rom oil ells (including gas-lif gas) that as previously ared or ventedis recovered and utilized.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o use o other ossil uel sources such as natural gas, dry gas, LP,condensate etc. coming rom non-associated gas by utilizing associated gas and/orgas-lif gas rom oil ells.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Therecoveredgascomesfromoilwellsthatareinoperationandareproducing oil at the time o the recovery;
• Theprojectdoesnotleadtochangesintheprocessofoilproduction,suchas an increase in the quantity or quality o oil extracted;
• Therecoveredgasisusedon-site;orsuppliedtoagaspipelinewithoutprocessing;
or transported to a processing plant here it is processed into hydrocarbon products(e.g. dry gas, LP and condensate) and sold to nal consumer(s).
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandnetcaloricvalueofthetotalrecoveredgasmeasuredaer pre-treatment and beore use.
BASELINE SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ellsis ared or vented and non-associated gas is extractedrom other gas ells.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Associated gas rom oil ellsis recovered and utilized andnon-associated gas is notextracted rom other gas ells.
Oil
Nturl s
Oil
Associted s COFlrin/Ventin
COConsumerNturl s
Oil
Oil
Associted s
Nturl sNturl s
Flrin/Ventin CO
COConsumer
AM0009 Recovery and utilization o gas rom oil ells thatould otherise be ared or vented
AM0009
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a natural-gas-red cogeneration plant that supplieselectricity and heat to an existing consuming acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Fuelswitch.Fuel savings through energy eciency improvement. Optional use o a less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theelectricityandheatrequirementofthefacilitythattheprojectcogeneration plant supplies to (consuming acility) ould be generated in separate systemsin the absence o the project;
• Nosurpluselectricityfromthecogenerationplantissuppliedtothegrid;• Nosurplusheatfromthecogenerationplantisprovidedtousersdierentfrom
the consuming acility.
Important parameters At validation:
• Fuelconsumptionforheatsupplybytheexistingheat-onlygenerationunits;• Electricitygenerationbythegridortheexistingpower-onlygenerationunits;• Emissionfactorofthegridortheexistingpower-onlygenerationunits.
Monitored:
• Naturalgasconsumptionbytheprojectcogenerationplant;• Electricitysuppliedbytheprojectcogenerationplanttotheconsumingfacility;• Heatsuppliedbytheprojectcogenerationplanttotheconsumingfacility.
BASELINE SCENARIO
The electricity demand o aacility is meeting via eitherpoer-only generation units, orthe grid and heat rom heat-onlygeneration units.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe consuming acility is suppliedelectricity and heat rom anaturalgas-red cogenerationplant.
AM0014 Natural gas-based package cogeneration
Het
Electricit
Consumer
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Power plnt
Het
Grid
CO
Consumer
Fossil fuel
Coenertion
CO
CO
Grid
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Power plnt
Het
Electricit
Het
Nturl s
AM0014
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Optimization o steam distribution, end-use and condensate return to increase theenergy eciency o a steam system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o ossil uel use and corresponding emissions through energy eciencyimprovements.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Steamisgeneratedinaboilerredwithfossilfuel;• Theregularmaintenanceofsteamtrapsorthereturnofcondensateisnot
common practice or required under regulations in the respective country;
• Dataontheconditionofsteamtrapsandthereturnofcondensateisaccessible in at least ve other similar plants.
Important parameters At validation:• Steamtrapfailurerateandcondensatereturnatplantandothersimilarplants.
Monitored:
• Steamandcondensateow,temperatureandpressure;• Boilereciency;• Electricityconsumptionoftheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o ossil uel in a boiler tosupply steam to a steam systemith a lo eciency.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o less ossil uel in a boileras less steam is required or thesteam system ith improvedeciency.
Fossil fuel Boiler
Condenste
Stem
Losses
CO
Fossil fuel
CO
Boiler
Losses
Condensate
Steam
Upgrade
AM0017 Steam system eciency improvements by replacingsteam traps and returning condensate
AM0017
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) More-ecient use o steam in a production process reduces steam consumption andthereby steam generation.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o ossil uel use and corresponding emissions through energy eciencyimprovements.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprocesssuppliedbytheheatsystemproducesahomogeneousoutputand its production volume is reasonably constant under steady state conditions;
• Forcogenerationsystems,steamgenerationatboilerdecreasesbytheamount o steam saved;
• Ifthesteamsavedisfurtherused,itshallbedemonstrateditdoesnotincrease H emissions.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Outputofthemainprocessinvolvedintheproject;• Steam,feedwater,blowdownwaterow,temperatureandpressure;• Boilereciency.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o ossil uel in a boiler tosupply steam to a process ithhigh steam consumption.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o less ossil uel in a boiler
as less steam is required or theprocess ith a higher eciency.
CO
Fossil fuel Boiler
OutputProductionStem
Fossil fuel
CO
Boiler
OutputProduction
Uprde
Stem
AM0018 Baseline methodology or steam optimization systems
AM0018
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o electricity rom the zero-emission reneable energy sources such as ind,geothermal, solar, hydro, ave and/or tidal projects that displaces electricity producedrom a specic ossil uel plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive generation o electricity by the use o reneableenergy sources.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Biomassprojectsarenoteligible;• Theidentiedbaselineplantisabletomeetanypossibleincreaseofenergy
demand that occurs during the crediting period;
• Threeyearsofhistoricaldataisrequiredforthecalculationofemissionsreductions;• Hydropowerplantswithreservoirrequirepowerdensitiesgreaterthan4W/m.
Important parameters At validation:
• Carbonemissionfactorofthebaselinepowerplant
Monitored:
• Quantityofelectricitysuppliedtothegridbytheproject;• Iftheprojectinvolvesgeothermalenergy:fugitiveCO and CH4 emissions due to
release o non-condensable gases rom the produced steam.
BASELINE SCENARIOA specic ossil uel plantgenerates electricity that issupplied to the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOA reneable energy plantpartially or completely displacesthe electricity that is generatedby the specic ossil uel poerplant.
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
CO
Electricit
Renewble
Fossil fuel Power plnt
AM0019 Reneable energy projects replacing part o the electricity production o one single ossil uel red power plant thatstands alone or supplies to a grid, excluding biomass projects
AM0019
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) rid electricity savings by increasing the energy eciency o a ater pumping systemthrough measures including reduction in technical losses, reduction in leaksand improvement in the energy eciency o the pumping system/s (or scheme/s).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectpumpingsystemispoweredbygridelectricity;• Noperformancerelatedcontractorpoliciesinplacethatwouldtriggerimprovements;• Newsystem/sdevelopedtocompletelyreplacetheoldpumpingsystem/sthatwill
no longer be used, hoever the methodology applies to ne system/s only up tothe measured delivery capacity o the old system/s;
• Thismethodologyisnotapplicabletoprojectswhereentirelynewsystem/sis/are
implemented to augment the existing capacity.
Important parameters At validation:
• Watersuppliedandpowerconsumptioninthebaselinesituation.
Monitored:
• Gridemissionfactor;• Watervolumesuppliedbytheproject;• Electricalenergyrequiredtodeliverwaterwithintheboundariesofthesystem.
BASELINE SCENARIODelivery o ater rom aninecient pumping system.
PROJECT SCENARIODelivery o ater rom thepumping system that has aloer energy demand due toreducing losses or leaks inthe pumping system and/orby implementing measuresto increase energy eciency.
CO
Electricit Pumpin
GridFossil fuel
Electricit
Grid
CO
Uprde
Pumpin
Fossil fuel
AM0020 Baseline methodology or ater pumpingeciency improvements
AM0020
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o a catalytic or thermal NO destruction acility at an existing adipic acidproduction plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Catalytic or thermal destruction o NO emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theadipicacidplantstartedthecommercialproductionnolaterthan December , 4;
• EuropeanNorm14181mustbefollowedforreal-timemeasurementofNOconcentration and gas volume o rate.
Important parameters At validation:
• Maximumamountofadipicacidproductioninthemostrecentthreeyears.
Monitored:
• Productionofadipicacid;• Consumptionofnitricacid;• NO concentration at the inlet and outlet o the destruction acility;
• Volumeofgasowattheinletandoutletofthedestructionfacility.
BASELINE SCENARIONO is emitted into theatmosphere during theproduction o adipic acid.
PROJECT SCENARIO
NO is destroyed in a catalyticor thermal destruction unit.
Adipic cid NOReleseNO
Adipic cid
Fossil fuel
CO
NORelese
NO
Decomposition
AM0021 Baseline methodology or decomposition o N2Orom existing adipic acid production plants
AM0021
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Identication and repair o natural gas (N) and renery gas (R) leaks in above-groundprocess equipment in natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage,distribution systems and in renery acilities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Nosystemsareinplacetosystematicallyidentifyandrepairleaksinthetransmission and distribution system;
• Leakscanbeidentiedandaccuratelymeasured;• Amonitoringsystemensuresthepermanenceoftherepairs.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Leakow;• Methaneconcentrationintheow.
BASELINE SCENARIOCH4 leaks rom a natural gastransmission distribution system.
PROJECT SCENARIOCH4 leaks rom the natural gastransmission systems have beenrepaired.
CHLossesNG/RG
CHNG/RG Losses
Uprde
AM0023 Leak detection and repair in gas production, processing,transmission, storage and distribution systems and in reneryacilities
AM0023
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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Poer generation rom aste heat recovered rom ue gases at a cement plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o H emissions associated ith the electricity consumed rom the gridor rom a captive poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theelectricityproducedisusedwithinthecementworkswheretheproposedprojectis located and excess electricity is supplied to the grid;
• Theprojectdoesnotdivertwasteheatthatisorwouldhavebeenusedoutsidethesystem boundaries.
Important parameters At validation:
• Incaseofcaptiveelectricitygeneration:electricityemissionfactor.
Monitored:
• Clinkerproductionofthecementworks;• Annualenergyconsumptionofclinker-makingprocess;• Electricitysuppliedtothecementplantorthegrid;• Emissionfactorofthegridwheretheprojectdispatchestheelectricity.
BASELINE SCENARIOwaste heat rom the cementplant is not used. Fossil uel isused to generate either electricityon-site or electricity rom the gridis used in the cement plant.
PROJECT SCENARIO
waste heat rom the cement plantis used to produce electricity.The generated electricity replacesossil uel previously usedto generate electricity or gridelectricity.
CementFossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Het
Power plnt CO
ElectricitGrid
Relese
CementFossil fuel Het
Power plntElectricitGrid
Fossil fuel
Power plnt CO
Relese
AM0024 Baseline methodology or greenhouse gas reductionsthrough aste heat recovery and utilization or poer generationat cement plants
AM0024
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project involves one or a combination o the olloing aste treatment options:composting process in aerobic conditions; or gasication to produce syngas and its use;or anaerobic digestion ith biogas collection and aring and/or its use (this includesprocessing and upgrading biogas and then distribution o it via a natural gas distributiongrid); or mechanical/thermal treatment process to produce reuse-derived uel (RDF)/stabilized biomass (SB) and its use; or incineration o resh aste or energy generation,electricity and/or heat.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance;• Renewableenergy.CH4 emissions due to anaerobic decay o organic aste is avoided by alternativeaste treatment processes. Organic aste is used as reneable energy source.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theproportionsandcharacteristicsofdierenttypesoforganicwasteprocessed in the project can be determined;
• Neitherindustrialnorhospitalwastemaybeincinerated;• Incaseofanaerobicdigestion,gasicationorRDFprocessingofwaste,theresidual
aste rom these processes is aerobically composted and/or delivered to a landll;
• Thebaselinescenarioisthedisposalofthewasteinalandllsitewithoutcapturinglandll gas or ith partly capturing it and subsequently aring it.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Weightfractionofthedierentwastetypesinasampleandtotalamountof organic aste prevented rom disposal;
• Electricityandfossilfuelconsumptionintheprojectsite.
BASELINE SCENARIODisposal o the aste in a landllsite ithout capturing landllgas or ith partly capturing andsubsequently aring it.
PROJECT SCENARIOAlternative aste treatmentprocess. Such processes couldbe composting, gasication,anaerobic digestion ith biogascollection and aring and/orits use, mechanical/thermaltreatment process to produceRDF or SB and its use, orincineration o resh asteor energy generation.
AM0025 Avoided emissions rom organic astethrough alternative aste treatment processes
CHWaste Disposal ReleaseLandll gas
Disposl CH
Compostin
RDF BurninWste
Lndll s Relese
AM0025
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Electricity capacity additions (either through the installation o ne, or the modicationo existing, poer plants) that supply electricity to the grid and use reneable energysources such as hydro, ind, solar, geothermal, ave or tidal poer. The capacityadditions have to be connected to the Chilean interconnected grid or others countries’grids providing a similar merit order based rameork.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the grid by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheprojectpowerplantmusteitherbeconnectedtothegridofChileandfullthelegal obligations under the Chilean Electricity Regulation, or be implemented inother countries i the country has a regulatory rameork or electricity generationand dispatch that meets the conditions described in the methodology;
• Newhydroelectricpowerprojectswithreservoirsrequirepowerdensitiesgreater than 4 w/m.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Electricitysuppliedtothegridbytheproject;• Hourlydataformeritorderbasedonmarginalcosts;• Operationaldataofthepowerplantsconnectedtothesamegridastheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOPoer is provided to the gridusing more-H-intensivepoer sources.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o a ne, ormodication o an existing,reneable poer plantthat results in an increaseo reneable poer anddisplacement o electricitythat ould be providedto the grid by more-H-intensive means.
CO
GridFossil fuel
Electricit Electricit
CO
GridFossil fuel
Electricit
Renewble
Electricit
AM0026 Methodology or zero-emissions grid-connected electricitygeneration rom reneable sources in Chile or in countries ith meritorder based dispatch grid
AM0026
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Biomass is used as a reneable source o CO or the manuacturing o inorganiccompounds instead o mineral or ossil CO.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Sitch rom CO o ossil or mineral origin to CO rom reneable sources.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheCO rom the reneable source as already produced and is not divertedrom another application;
• CO rom ossil or mineral sources used or the production o inorganic compoundsin the baseline is rom a production process hose only useul output is CO andill not be emitted to the atmosphere in the project scenario. The CO productionprocess rom ossil source does not produce any energy by-product;
• Noadditionalsignicantenergyquantitiesarerequiredtopreparetherenewable
CO or use in the project.
Important parameters Monitored:• Amountofinorganiccompoundproduced;• Carboncontentandmolecularweightoftheinorganiccompound;• Amountsofnon-renewableandrenewableCO used or the production o
inorganic compounds.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil or mineral sources are thesource o CO or the productiono inorganic compounds.
PROJECT SCENARIOReneable sources o CO are thesource o CO or the production o inorganic compounds.
Biomss
ProductionCO Output
Burnin
BurninFossil fuel
CO
Relese
Fossil fuel
CO
Burnin
Biomss
ProductionCO Output
Burnin Relese
AM0027 Substitution o CO2 rom ossil or mineral origin by CO2 rom reneable sources in the production o inorganic compounds
AM0027
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o a catalytic reduction unit to destroy NO emissions in the tail gas o nitric acid or caprolactam production plants.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Catalytic destruction o NO emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ThenitricacidorcaprolactamplantstartedthecommercialproductionnolaterthanDecember , 5;
• CaprolactamplantsarelimitedtothoseemployingtheRaschigorHPO® processes;
• EuropeanNorm14181oranequivalentstandardmustbefollowedforreal-timemeasurement o NO concentration and gas volume o rate;
• ThemethodologyallowsthermalandcatalyticdestructionofNO.
Important parameters At validation:• Normaloperatingconditionsoftheplant(oxidationtemperatureandpressure,
ammonia gas o rate to AOR, and composition o ammonia oxidation catalyst).
Monitored:
• Productionofnitricacidorcaprolactam;• Volumeofgasowattheinletandoutletofthedestructionfacility;• NO concentration at the inlet and outlet o the destruction acility;
• Updateoftheparametersfordeterminingthenormaloperatingconditions oftheplant.
BASELINE SCENARIONO is emitted into theatmosphere during the
production o nitric acidor caprolactam.
PROJECT SCENARIONO is destroyed in a catalyticdestruction unit installed at thetail gas stream.
Production Relese NONO
Production
NORelese
Ctlsis
NO
AM0028 N2O destruction in the tail gas o nitric acidor caprolactam production plants
AM0028
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) The construction and operation o a ne natural-gas-red poer plant that supplieselectricity to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Lowcarbonelectricity.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Naturalgasissucientlyavailableintheregionorcountry;• Electricitygeneratedbytheprojectisexclusivelysuppliedtoapowergrid.
Important parameters At validation:• Emissionfactorofbaselineelectricitygeneration,derivedfromanemissionfactor
o the poer grid, or the poer generation technology that ould most likely be used
in the absence o the project.
Monitored:• Fuelconsumptionoftheprojectpowerplant;• Electricitygenerationoftheprojectpowerplant.
BASELINE SCENARIO• Powergenerationusing
natural gas, but based onless-ecient technologiesthan the project ones;
• Poer generation using ossiluels other than natural gas;
• Importofelectricityfromtheelectricity grid.
PROJECT SCENARIO• Powersupplytothe
electricity grid by a nenatural-gas-red poergeneration plant.
Fossil fuel
Grid
Power plnt
Electricit Electricit
CO
Electricit Electricit
Fossil fuel
Grid
Power plnt
CO
CO
Electricit
Nturl s Power plnt
AM0029 Baseline methodology or grid connected electricitygeneration plants using natural gas
AM0029
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Typical project(s) Implementation o anode eect mitigation measures at a primary aluminium smelter(e.g. improving the algorithm o the automatic control system or smelting pots).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o PFC emissions by anode eect mitigation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thealuminiumsmeltingfacilitystartedthecommercialoperationnolater than December , ;
• Minimumofthreeyearsofhistoricaldataisavailableoncurrenteciency, anode eect and aluminium production rom December , , onards;
• Thealuminiumsmeltingfacilityusescentreworkpre-bakecelltechnologywith bar brake (CwPB) or point eeder systems (PFPB);
• Thealuminiumsmeltingfacilityhasachievedan“operationalstabilityassociated
to a PFC emissions level” that allos increasing the aluminium production by simplyincreasing the electric current in the pots.
Important parameters Monitored:• Iflessthan95%oftheanodeeectsaremanuallyterminated:numberand
duration o anode eect; or over-voltage coecient, anode eect over-voltage,and current eciency;
• Quantityofaluminiumproducedbythealuminiumsmeltingfacility.
BASELINE SCENARIONo mitigation o PFC emissionsrom anode eects at primaryaluminium smelting acilities.
PROJECT SCENARIOImplementation o anode eectmitigation measures to reducePFC emissions rom aluminiumsmelting.
PFCAluminium PFC Relese
PFCAluminium PFC Relese
Uprde
AM0030 PFC emission reductions rom anode eect mitigationat primary aluminium smelting acilities
AM0030
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Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a ne bus rapid transit system (BRT) or urban transport o passengers. Replacement, extensions or expansions o existing bus rapid transit systems(adding ne routes and lines) are also alloed.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive transportation modes.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thereisaplantoreduceexistingpublictransportcapacitieseitherthroughscrapping, permit restrictions, economic instruments or other means and replacingthem by the project system;
• Ifbiofuelsareused,projectbusesmustusethesamebiofuelblend(samepercentage o biouel) as commonly used by conventional comparable urbanbuses in the country;
• Theprojectpartiallyorfullyreplacesatraditionalpublictransportsysteminagivencity. The replacement o rail-based mass rapid transit systems is not alloed.The methodology cannot be used or BRT systems in areas here currently nopublic transport is available.
Important parameters At validation:
• Baselinedistanceandtransportmode,whichareobtainedthrougha comprehensive survey involving the users o the project transport system;
• Specicfuelconsumption,occupancyratesandtravelleddistancesofdierenttransport modes (including the project);
• Policiesaectingthebaseline(i.e.modalsplitofpassengers,fuelusageof vehicles, maximum vehicle age).
Monitored:• Numberofpassengerstransportedintheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing a diverse transport systeminvolving buses, trains, cars,non-motorized transport modes,etc. operating under mixed tracconditions.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing the nely developedbus rapid transit system thatpartially displaces the existing
transport system operating undermixed trac conditions.
AM0031 Baseline methodology or bus rapid transit projects
CO
Trin Bus
Cr Motorccle
Bus
Trin Bus
Cr Motorccle
CO
AM0031
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Typical project(s) Installation o a catalytic reduction unit inside an ammonia oxidation reactor o a nitricacid plant to destroy NO emissions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Catalytic destruction o NO emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thenitricacidplantstartedthecommercialproductionnolaterthan December , 5;
• Atthestartoftheproject,therearenoregulatoryrequirementsorincentives to reduce levels o NO emissions rom nitric acid plants in the host country;
• EuropeanNorm14181oranequivalentstandardmustbefollowedforreal-timemeasurement o NO concentration and gas volume o rate.
Important parameters At validation:• Normaloperatingconditionsoftheplant(oxidationtemperatureandpressure,
ammonia gas o rate and ammonia to air ratio input to the ammonia oxidationreactor, composition o ammonia oxidation catalyst).
Monitored:
• Volumeoftailgasow;• NO concentration in the tail gas;
• Nitricacidproduction;• Updateoftheparametersfordeterminingthenormaloperationoftheplant.
BASELINE SCENARIONO is emitted into the
atmosphere during theproduction o nitric acid.
PROJECT SCENARIONO is destroyed in a catalyticdestruction unit installed insidethe ammonia oxidation reactor.
AM0034 Catalytic reduction o N2O inside the ammonia burnero nitric acid plants
Nitric cid Relese NONO
Nitric cid
NORelese
Ctlsis
NO
AM0034
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Typical project(s) Recycling and/or leak reduction o SF in a electricity grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o SF emissions by recycling and/or leak reduction.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedeitherintheentiregridoraveriabledistinct geographic portion o a grid;
• MinimumofthreeyearsofhistoricaldataisavailableonthetotalSF emissionsrom the grid.
Important parameters At validation:• NetreductioninanSF inventory or the grid;• Nameplatecapacity(inkgSF) o equipment retired rom and added to the grid.
Monitored:
• Updateoftheaboveparametersnecessaryforvalidation.
BASELINE SCENARIOSF emitted rom leaks and/ornon-recycling o SF duringrepair and maintenance o electricity transmission anddistribution systems.
PROJECT SCENARIORecycling and/or leak-reductiono SF during repair andmaintenance o electricity
transmission and distributionsystems.
Electricit Relese SFSF
Upgrade
Electricity SFReleaseSF
AM0035 SF6 emission reductions in electrical grids
AM0035
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Typical project(s) Fuel sitch rom ossil uels to biomass residues in the generation o heat. Applicableactivities are retrot or replacement o existing heat generation equipment andinstallation o ne heat generation equipment.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy;Displacement o more-H-intensive heat generation using ossil uel and avoidance o CH4 emissions rom anaerobic decay o biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Heatgeneratedintheprojectcanonlybeusedforpowergenerationifpowergeneration equipment as previously installed and is maintained throughout thecrediting period;
• Onlybiomassresidues,notbiomassingeneral,areeligible.Nosignicantenergyquantities except rom transportation or mechanical treatment o the biomass
residues should be required to prepare the biomass residues;• Existingheatgenerationequipmentattheprojectsitehaseithernotusedany
biomass or has used only biomass residues (but no other type o biomass)or heat generation during the most recent three years prior to the implementationo the project;
• Incaseofexistingfacilities,threeyearsofhistoricaldataisrequiredforthecalculation o emissions reductions.
Important parameters At validation:• Leakageduetodiversionofbiomassresidues.
Monitored:
• Heatgeneratedintheproject;
• Quantityandmoisturecontentofthebiomassresiduesusedintheprojectaswell as electricity and ossil uel consumption o the project;
• Projectemissionsfromtransportofbiomass.
BASELINE SCENARIOHeat ould be produced bythe use o ossil uels. Biomassresidues could partially decayunder anaerobic conditions,bringing about CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues or heatgeneration avoids ossil uel use
and thereby H emissions.Decay o biomass residues used asuel is avoided.
AM0036 Fuel sitch rom ossil uels to biomass residuesin heat generation equipment
Biomss
CO
CHBurninDisposl
Fossil fuel Het
Het
Biomss
Het
Renewble
CO
CHBurninDisposl
HetFossil fuel
AM0036
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Typical project(s) Associated gas rom oil ells that as previously ared or vented is recovered andutilized as a eedstock to produce a chemical product.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o H emissions that ould have occurred by aring/venting the associated gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theassociatedgasfromtheoilwell,whichisusedintheproject,wasaredorvented or the last three years prior to the start o the project;
• Undertheproject,thepreviouslyared(orvented)associatedgasisusedaseedstock and, here applicable, partly as energy source in a chemical processto produce a useul product (e.g. methanol, ethylene or ammonia).
Important parameters Monitored:
• Massfractionofmethaneintheassociatedgas;• Quantityofproduct(s)producedintheend-usefacilityintheproject;• Quantityandcarboncontentofassociatedgasutilizedintheproject,i.e.thequantity
o associated gas entering the pipeline or transport to the end-use acility.
BASELINE SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ellsis ared or vented and othereedstock is used to producea chemical product.
PROJECT SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ellsis recovered and utilized as
eedstock to produce a chemicalproduct.
Oil
Oil
Associted s
Feedstock ProductionFossil fuel
COFlrin/Ventin
Oil
Oil
Associted s Flrin/Ventin CO
Fossil fuel Feedstock Production
AM0037 Flare (or vent) reduction and utilization o gas romoil ells as a eedstock
AM0037
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Typical project(s) Retrotting o existing urnaces or the production o silicon and erry alloys includingcontrol and peripheral systems ith a more ecient system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;Sitch to more energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theelectricityconsumedissuppliedbythegrid;• Thequalityoftherawmaterialandproductsremainsunchanged;• Dataforatleastthreeyearsprecedingtheimplementingtheprojectisavailableto
estimate the baseline emission.
Important parameters At validation:• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Alloysproductionandconsumptionofelectricity,reductantsandelectrodepaste;• Project-specicqualityandemissionfactorsforreductantsandelectrodepaste.
BASELINE SCENARIOConsumption o grid electricityin the submerged arc urnacesresults in CO emissions romthe combustion o ossil uelused to produce electricity.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe more-ecient submergedarc urnaces consume less
electricity, and thereby, emissionsrom the combustion o ossiluel used to produce electricityare reduced.
CO
Electricit
Grid
Allo
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Grid
Allo
Fossil fuel
Uprde
AM0038 Methodology or improved electrical energy eciency o an existing submerged electric arc urnace used or the productiono silicon and erry alloys
AM0038
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Typical project(s) The methodology is applicable to projects that avoid CH4 emissions resulting romanaerobic degradation o the organic asteater in open lagoons or storage tanks orrom natural decay o bioorganic solid aste in landlls (not rom manure management).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.The project avoids CH4 emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Organic asteater and bioorganic solid aste can be generated at separate locations;• Bioorganicsolidwastecanbeofasingletypeormultipletypesmixedindierent
proportions, provided the proportions can be determined;
• A co-composting process is used to treat the organic wastewater and thebioorganic waste;
• Anaerobiclagoonsorstoragetanksutilizedforthetreatmentoftheorganicwastewater
meet specied conditions or ambient temperature, depth and residence time.
Important parameters Monitored:• Chemicaloxygendemandofthewastewater;• Compostproduced;• Organicwastelandlled;• Energyandtransportationrequirementsofrunningtheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOLandlling o the bioorganic solidaste and asteater treatmentin an existing or ne to be builtanaerobic lagoon or open tanks
results in CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOCo-composting or treatment o the organic asteater and theorganic aste. CH4 emissions dueto anaerobic decay are avoided.
Biomss
Wste
Wste wter
Lndll
Bios CHRelese
Loon
Compostin
CHRelese
Biomss
Lndll
Wste
Wste wter
Bios
Loon
AM0039 Methane emissions reduction rom organic aste aterand bioorganic solid aste using co-composting
AM0039
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Typical project(s) Existing carbonization kilns are improved ith ne kiln design and changes inoperational practices that reduce the CH4 emissions in the production o charcoal.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance or reduction o CH4 emissions in charcoal production process.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• RegulationforCH4 emissions in charcoal production either doesn’t exist, or is lessstringent than the project, or lacks o enorcement;
• TheprojectdoesnotaectGHGemissionsotherthanmethane;• Theprojectdoesnotchangethetypeandsourcesforinputforcharcoalproduction.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandmoisturecontentofcharcoalproducedintheproject;
• Quantityandmoisturecontentofwoodusedinthecarbonizationprocessin the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOHigh CH4 emissions associatedith the production o charcoal.
PROJECT SCENARIODecreased or avoided CH4 emissions associated ithproduction o charcoal.
Biomss Chrcol CHCH Relese
Uprde
CHBiomss Chrcol CH Relese
AM0041 Mitigation o methane emissions in the oodcarbonization activity or charcoal production
AM0041
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Typical project(s) Installation o a ne grid-connected poer plant that is mainly red ith reneablebiomass rom a dedicated plantation (ossil uel or other types o biomass may be co-red).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Priortotheimplementationoftheproject,nopowerwasgeneratedattheprojectsite (i.e. the project plant does not substitute or aect the operation o any existingpoer generation at the project site);
• Thededicatedplantationmustbenewlyestablishedaspartoftheprojectforthepurpose o supplying biomass exclusively to the project;
• Thebiomassfromtheplantationisnotchemicallyprocessed(e.g.noproduction o alcohols rom biomass, etc.) prior to combustion in the project plant but it may
be processed mechanically or be dried;• Grazingorirrigationfortheplantationisnotallowed;• Thelandareawherethededicatedplantationwillbeestablishedhasnotbeen
used or any agricultural or orestry activity prior to the project implementation.
Important parameters At validation:• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Electricitygeneratedintheproject;• Electricityandfossilfuelconsumptionoftheprojectaswellasquantity,
net caloric value and moisture content o the biomass used in the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity produced by more-H-intensive poer plantsconnected to the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOElectricity produced by agrid-connected biomass-redpoer plant.
AM0042 rid-connected electricity generation using biomassrom nely developed dedicated plantations
CO
Grid
Electricit Ele ctri cit
Fossil fuel
Electricit
Biomss RenewblePlnttion
Grid
CO
Fossil fuel
Electricit
AM0042
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Typical project(s) Installation o polyethylene pipes or the early replacement o leaking cast iron pipes orsteel pipes ithout cathodic protection in a natural gas distribution netork.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionsavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions rom leaks in natural gas transportation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectreplaceseithercastironpipesorsteelpipeswithoutcathodicprotectionthat have been in use or years ith polyethylene pipes ithout altering thepattern and supply capacity o the system;
• Thereplacementisnotpartofnormalrepairandmaintenance,plannedreplacement,or due to interruptions or shortages or a sitch rom servicing other gases;
• Thedistributionsystemdoesnotincludegastransmissionpipelinesorstoragefacilities.
Important parameters At validation:• Lengthofpipesandnumberofleaks(alternative:leakagerateofthesection).
Monitored:
• Lengthofnewpipelineduetobothprojectandproceduralreplacement;• Fractionofmethaneinthenaturalgas;• Pressureofnaturalgasinthenetwork.
BASELINE SCENARIOMethane leaks rom a naturalgas netork.
PROJECT SCENARIONo leaks or eer leaks inthe natural gas netork.
CHLossesNturl s
Uprde
CHLossesNturl s
AM0043 Leak reduction rom a natural gas distribution gridby replacing old cast iron pipes or steel pipes ithout cathodicprotection ith polyethylene pipes
AM0043
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Typical project(s) Projects that results in thermal energy eciency improvement o ossil-uel-red boilers,at multiple locations, through rehabilitation or replacement o the boilers implementedby the project participant, ho may be the oner o boilers or oner o all the sites orpart o the sites here the boilers are to be installed or a third party that ons all theproject boilers during the project period.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theboilersthatarerehabilitatedorreplacedundertheprojectshouldhavesomeremaining lietime;
• Onlyonetypeoffuelisusedbyeachoftheboilersincludedintheprojectboundaryand no uel sitching is undertaken ithin the project boundary, as a part o project;
• Theinstalledcapacityofeachboilershallbedeterminedusingaperformancetestinaccordance ith ell-recognized international standards.
Important parameters Monitored
• Amountoffossilfuelconsumed,netcaloricvalueoffossilfuel,emissionfactor o ossil uel, oxidation actor o ossil uel in each boiler in the project;
• Totalthermaloutputofeachboilerintheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOBoiler(s) ith loer eciency illcontinue to operate at multiplelocations, thereby consuming highamounts o ossil uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe eciency o boiler(s)is improved through theirrehabilitation or replacement,resulting in a reduction o ossil uel consumption andrelated CO emissions.
Fossil fuel
Het
Boiler
CO
Fossil fuel
Het
Boiler
Uprde
CO
AM0044 Energy eciency improvement projects: boiler rehabilitationor replacement in industrial and district heating sectors
AM0044
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Typical project(s) Expansion o an interconnected grid to supply electricity generated by more-ecient,less-carbon-intensive means to an isolated electric poer system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Renewableenergybasedelectricitygenerationintheisolatedsystemsisnotdisplaced and its operation is not signicantly aected;
• Allfossil-fuel-redpowerplantsintheisolatedsystemare100%displaced.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactorofisolatedsystembeforestartoftheproject;• Electricitysuppliedtoisolatedsystembeforestartoftheproject(threeyears
o historic data required).
Monitored:
• Quantityofelectricitysuppliedtothepreviouslyisolatedsystembytheinterconnected grid;
• Gridemissionfactoroftheinterconnectedgrid.
BASELINE SCENARIOPoer generation based onossil uel applying less-ecienttechnologies in isolated electricitysystems.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Displacement o ossil-uel-red poer plants in theisolated grid by expansion o aninterconnected grid to the isolatedelectricity system.
Electricit
CO
Power plntFossil fuel
Electricit
CO
Power plnt
CO
GridFossil fuel
Fossil fuel
AM0045 rid connection o isolated electricity systems
AM0045
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Typical project(s) Compact uorescent lamps (CFLs) are sold at a reduced price, or donated to households toreplace incandescent lamps (ICL).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o less-ecient lighting by more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thehouseholdsarewithinadistinctgeographicalareaandareconnectedtotheelectricity grid and no other CDM project that may aect the energy eciency o lighting in households located ithin the total project area has been registered;
• AmaximumoffourCFLscanbedistributedorsoldtoeachhouseholdandtheseCFLs have to be more ecient and have the same or a loer lumen output as thepreviously used ICL;
• Thedisplacedlightbulbshaveamaximumratedpowerof100Wandarereturned
to the project coordinator, ho ensures destruction o the light bulbs;• Electricity consumption rom lighting has to be monitored in a baseline sample
group (BS) and a project sample group (PS). The project coordinator implementsa social lottery system as an incentive among all households includedin the BS and the PS.
Important parameters At validation:
• Theaveragegridvoltageinthelow-voltagepartofthegrid,thepowerratingand the P-U characteristic curve o the distributed light are determined beore the starto the project;
• Gridemissionfactor(alternativelymonitored).
Monitored:
• Electricityconsumedtoprovidelighting(orutilizationhoursandpowerrating o lighting appliance) or household ithin the BS and PS;
• NumberofprojectICLandscrappedlightbulbs;• Technicaldistributionlossesinthegrid.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess-energy-ecient light bulbsare used in households resultingin higher electricity demand.
PROJECT SCENARIOMore-energy-ecient CFLsare used in householdssaving electricity and thusreducing H emissions.
AM0046 Distribution o ecient light bulbs to households
CO
Electricit
Fossil fuel Grid
Lihtin
Electricit
Fossil fuel Grid
Lihtin
CO
Uprde
AM0046
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Typical project(s) Fossil-uel-red cogeneration project supplying to multiple project customers.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Fuelswitch.Sitch to cogeneration o steam and electricity and displacement o more-carbon-intensiveuel ith less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Cogenerationofsteamandelectricityandsupplytomultipleuserswhodidnotpreviously co-generate;
• Minimumthreeyearsofhistoricaldataforestimatingbaselineemissions;• Equipmentdisplacedbytheprojectistobescrapped;• Projectcustomersshouldnotdemandelectricityand/orheatfromexternalsources,
other than the project or the grid.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalfuelconsumptionandsteamproduction/consumption.
Monitored:• Electricityemissionfactor;• Quantityofelectricityconsumedbyeachprojectcustomer,fromtheprojectand
rom sel-generation;
• Quantity,temperature,specicenthalpyandpressureofsteamconsumedby each project customer, rom the project and rom sel-generation;
• Quantityofelectricitysuppliedtothegrid;• Quantityoffuelconsumedbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOSeparate steam and electricityproduction ith more-H-intensive uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOCogeneration o electricity andsteam ith less-carbon-intensiveuel (e.g. natural gas).
AM0048 Ne cogeneration acilities supplying electricity and/orsteam to multiple customers and displacing grid/o-grid steam andelectricity generation ith more carbon-intensive uels
Power plnt
Consumer
Stem
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel Het
Grid
CO
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Fossil fuel
Coenertion
CO
CO
Stem
Electricit
Het
Fossil fuel
Power plnt
Grid
AM0048
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Typical project(s) Installation o gas-based energy generation systems, either separate or cogeneration,at an existing industrial acility to meet its on electricity and/or steam/heat demand.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch;• Energyecieny.Displacement o more-carbon-intensive uel ith less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Priortotheprojectimplementation,theexistingindustrialfacilityproducesitsownthermal energy and maybe electricity, but the electricity supply is not enough tomeet its on demand;
• Coaloroilisreplacedbynaturalgasormethane-richgas,whichshallbesucientlyavailable in the region or country;
• Therearenoregulatoryrequirementsforfuelswitchortechnologyupgrade;
• Theprojectdoesnotchangethequalityrequirementofsteam/heat;• Electricityexporttothepowergrid,ifany,isonad-hocbasisandconsistsofless
than % o the total electricity produced by the project poer plant.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Gridemissionfactor;• Electricitygenerationandexportoftheprojectpowerplant;• Eciencyofthebaselineandprojectfuelcombustionsystems;• Flowrate,pressureandtemperatureofheatcarrieratinletandoutletofwaste
heat generation sources;
• Fuelconsumptionbytheprojectplant.
BASELINE SCENARIO
On-site generation o heat usingcoal or oil and import o electricityrom the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o energy generationsystems, either separate orcogeneration, to supply electricityand/or steam/heat using naturalgas or methane-rich gas.
AM0049 Methodology or gas based energy generationin an industrial acility
Consumer
Het
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Het
Grid
CO
Consumer
Fossil fuel
Coenertion
CO
CO
Grid
Fossil fuel
Het
Electricit
Het
Nturl s
AM0049
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Typical project(s) Feed sitch rom naphtha to natural gas, either completely or partially, in existingintegrated ammonia-urea manuacturing acilities, ith optional implementation o aCO recovery plant ithin the manuacturing acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive eedstock (naphtha) ith less-H-intensiveeedstock (natural gas).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectshouldnotresultintheincreaseoftheproductioncapacityandchangein production process;
• Naturalgasissucientlyavailableintheregionorcountry;• Theintegratedammonia-ureamanufacturingplantisanexistingplantwitha
historical operation o at least three years prior to the implementation o the project;
• Priortotheimplementationoftheproject,nonaturalgashasbeenusedintheintegrated ammonia-urea manuacturing plant.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ureaproductioninthemostrecentthreeyears;• Quantityofnaphthausedasfeedinthemostrecentthreeyears;• Quantityoffuelconsumedinfurnacesinthemostrecentthreeyears.
Monitored:
• Ureaproductionintheproject;• Quantityofnaturalgasusedasfeedintheproject;• Quantityoffuelconsumedinfurnacesintheproject;• QuantityandCO emission actor o electricity consumed by the CO recovery plant.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe integrated ammonia-ureamanuacturing plant continues touse naphtha as the eed emitting
excess CO, not used by the ureaplant, into atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe eed to the integratedammonia-urea manuacturingplant is sitched romnaphtha to natural gas, i required in combinationith the implementation o a CO recovery, to reducethe emission o excess CO.
AM0050 Feed sitch in integrated ammonia-ureamanuacturing industry
Npht Ammoni-ure CO
CO
Nturl s
Ammoni-ure
Npht
AM0050
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Typical project(s) Installation o a catalytic reduction unit inside an ammonia oxidation reactor o a nitricacid plant to destroy NO emissions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Catalytic destruction o NO emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thenitricacidplantstatedthecommercialproductionnolaterthan December , 5;
• Atthestartoftheproject,therearenoregulatoryrequirementsorincentivestoreduce levels o NO emissions rom nitric acid plants in the host country;
• EuropeanNorm14181oranequivalentstandardmustbefollowedforreal-timemeasurement o NO concentration and gas volume o rate.
Important parameters At validation:• Normaloperatingconditionsoftheplant(oxidationtemperatureandpressure,
ammonia gas o rate and ammonia to air ratio input to the ammonia oxidationreactor, composition o ammonia oxidation catalyst).
Monitored:
• Volumeofgasowinsidetheammoniaoxidationreactor;• NO concentration in the tail gas;
• NO concentration in the process gas immediately afer the primary catalyst;
• NO concentration in the process gas afer the secondary catalyst;
• Updateoftheparametersfordeterminingthenormaloperationoftheplant.
BASELINE SCENARIO
NO is emitted into theatmosphere during the productiono nitric acid.
PROJECT SCENARIONO is destroyed in a catalyticdestruction unit installed insidethe ammonia oxidation reactor.
AM0051 Secondary catalytic N2O destruction in nitric acid plants
Nitric cid Relese NONO
Nitric cid
NORelese
Ctlsis
NO
AM0051
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Typical project(s) Increased annual generation o electricity through the introduction o a Decision SupportSystem (DSS) that optimizes the operation o the existing hydropoer acility/ies, bothrun-o-the-river and reservoir-based type, connected to a grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould have been provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Recordeddataisavailableforaminimumofthreeyearstoestablishthebaselinerelationship beteen ater o and poer generation;
• Hydropowerunits,coveredundertheproject,havenotundergoneandwillnotundergo signicant upgrades beyond basic maintenance (e.g. replacement o runners) that aect the generation capacity and/or expected operational eciencylevels during the crediting period;
• Nomajorchangesinthereservoirsize(e.g.increaseofdamheight)ortootherkeyphysical system elements (e.g. canals, spillays) that ould aect ater osithin the project boundary, have been implemented during the baseline dataperiod or ill be implemented during the crediting period;
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• Measurementdataofheadwaterlevel,verticalopeningofspillway,poweroutput
etc. rom previous year beore project implementation as ell as poer polynomialcoecients (hill diagram).
Monitored:
• Quantityofelectricitygeneratedbyeachhydropowerunitintheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOAdditional electricity ould beproduced by more-H-intensive poer plants connectedto the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOIntroduction o a Decision SupportSystem (DSS) increases thesupply o electricity generatedby existing hydropoer units tothe grid, thereby reducing theamount o more-H-intensiveelectricity in the grid.
AM0052 Increased electricity generation rom existing hydropoerstations through decision support system optimization
Electricit
Grid
ElectricitHdro power
Fossil fuel
Electricit
CO
Electricit
Grid
ElectricitHdro power
Uprde
CO
Fossil fuel
Electricit
AM0052
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Recovering, processing and upgrading o biogas, generated by anaerobic decompositiono organic matter in landlls, asteater treatment systems, animal aste managementsystems, etc., to the quality o natural gas and distributing it as energy source via anatural gas distribution grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Avoidance o CH4 emissions and displacement o use o natural gas in a natural gasdistribution grid.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thebiogaswaseitherventedoraredpriortoimplementationoftheprojectactivityand ould continue to be either vented or ared in the absence o the project;
• The geographical extent o the natural gas distribution grid is ithin the host country;• Thefollowingtechnologiesareusedtoupgradebiogastonaturalgasquality:
pressure sing adsorption, absorption ith/ithout ater circulation or absorptionith ater, ith or ithout ater recirculation.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandnetcaloricvalueofupgradedbiogasinjectedtothenaturalgasdistribution grid in the project;
• Quantityofbiogascapturedatthesourceofbiogasgeneration;• Concentrationofmethaneinbiogasatthesourceofbiogasgeneration;• Quantityofbiogasdeliveredtotheupgradingfacilityfromthebiogascapturesite.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiogas is vented or ared andnatural gas distribution grid is
supplied by natural gas extractedrom gas ells.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Biogas is recovered, processed,upgraded and supplied to thenatural gas distribution grid andreplaces additional natural gasrom gas ells.
AM0053 Biogenic methane injection to a natural gas distribution grid
Bios
Disposl
Wste
Wste wter
Mnure
Loon
CHRelese
Bios
CHProcessin
Disposl
Wste
Wste wter
CH
Nturl s
Relese
Mnure
Loon
AM0053
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project introduces oil/ater emulsion technology in an existing residual-uel-oil-
red boiler or the purpose o improving energy eciency. Introduction o this technologyinvolves the installation and operation o equipment to mix the residual uel oilith ater and additives prior to combustion in order to improve the eciency o thecombustion process.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more-energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theboilerhasanoperatinghistoryofatleastveyearsandpriortotheimplementation o the project, no oil/ater emulsion technology as used atthe project site;
• Theprojectdoesnotresultinadditionalheatdemandforpre-heatingthe
oil/ater emulsion prior to combustion;• Withtheimplementationoftheproject,nosignicantoperational,processor
equipment modications are undertaken and the implementation o the projectdoes not result in an increase o heat generation in the boiler.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Heatgeneratedbytheboiler,netcaloricvalueandCO emission actor o theresidual uel oil that is red in the boiler;
• Energyeciencyoftheboilerwithoutusingtheoil/wateremulsiontechnology;• Quantityofparticulatematerialthatisintheuegasduringthemeasurementto
determine the oxidation actor;
• Quantityoftheresidualfueloilred,theashcontent,carboncontentanddensityofthe residual uel oil, during the measurement to determine the oxidation actor.
BASELINE SCENARIOOperation o boilers at loereciency o combustion inabsence o oil/ater emulsiontechnology.
PROJECT SCENARIOOil/ater emulsion technologyis introduced to improve theeciency o boilers in order toreduce CO emissions.
AM0054 Energy eciency improvement o a boiler by introducingoil/ater emulsion technology
Fuel oil
Het
Boiler
CO
Fuel oil
Het
Boiler
Uprde
CO
AM0054
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project is implemented in existing renery acilities to recover aste gas, hich ischaracterized by its lo pressure or a lo heating value and that is currently being aredto generate process heat in element process(s) (e.g. or the purpose o steam generationby a boiler or hot air generation by a urnace). Recovered aste gas is a by-productgenerated in several processing units o the renery.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o ossil uel used or heat production by recovered aste gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Wastegasvolumeandcompositionaremeasurableandthefacilityhasaminimumo three years records on aring (not venting) o aste gases, prior to the start o theproject, or as long as the processing acility has been in operation;
• Thewastegasrecoverydeviceisplacedjustbeforetheareheader(withno
possibility o diversions o the recovered gas o) and afer all the aste gasgeneration devices;
• Therecoveredwastegasreplacesfossilfuelthatisusedforgeneratingheatforprocesses ithin the same renery acility.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalannualaverageamountofwastegassenttoaresbeforeprojectimplementation.
Monitored:
• Parameterstocalculatetheemissionfactorforconsumedelectricity;• Amountandcompositionofrecoveredwastegas(e.g.density,LHV)anddata
needed to calculate the emission actor o ossil uel used or process heating
and steam generation ithin the renery.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o ossil uel to generateprocess heat. waste gas is ared.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o recovered aste gas togenerate process heat. Thereby,ossil uel usage is reduced andaste gas is not ared anymore.
AM0055 Baseline and monitoring methodology or the recoveryand utilization o aste gas in renery acilities
CO
CO
Fossil fuel
Wste sRener Flrin
Het
Het
Flrin CO
CO
Fossil fuel
Wste sRener
Het
Het
AM0055
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Complete replacement o existing boilers by ne boilers ith a higher eciency in anexisting acility ith steam demands or retrotting o existing boilers in order to increasetheir eciency; or a combination ith one or both activities described above and a sitchin the type o ossil uel used to uel boilers.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology sitch resulting in an increase in energy eciency.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectboilersutilizefossilfuelstoproducesteam;• Thecompliancewithnational/localregulationsarenotthecauseofthe
development o the project;
• Steamquality(i.e.steampressureandtemperature)isthesamepriorandaer the implementation o the project;
• Onlyonetypeoffossilfuelisusedinallboilersincludedintheprojectboundary.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityoffuelusedintheboilers;• Quantityofsteamproduced;• Temperatureandpressureofthesteamproduced.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentsituation; i.e. use o the existingboilers ithout ossil uel sitch,replacement o retrot o theboilers.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Complete replacement o boilers,and/or retrotting o an existingsteam generating system resultsin higher eciency and lessconsumption o ossil uel (uelsitch may also be an elemento the project scenario).
Fossil fuel
Stem
Boiler
CO
Fossil fuel
Stem
Boiler
Uprde
CO
AM0056 Eciency improvement by boiler replacement orrehabilitation and optional uel sitch in ossil uel-red steam boilersystems
AM0056
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Agricultural astes are used as eed stock or pulp, paper, cardboard, breboard or bio-oil production in a ne acility, here the end product is similar in characteristics andquality to existing high quality products in the market and does not require special use ordisposal methods.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Anewproductionfacilityisbeingconstructed;• Wasteisnotstoredinconditionsthatwouldgeneratemethane;• Productiondoesnotinvolveprocessesthatemitsignicantadditionalgreenhouse
gas emissions except rom those arising directly rom pyrolysis (bio-oil only)processes that ere also used in the baseline or associated ith electricity or
ossil uel consumption;• Ifbiomassiscombustedforthepurposeofprovidingheatorelectricitytotheplant,
then the biomass uel is derived rom biomass residues;
• Inthecaseofbio-oil,thepyrolyzedresidues(char)willbefurthercombustedand the energy derived thereo used in the project.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofwasteusedasfeedstock;• Fossilfuelandelectricityconsumption;• Transportationparameter–distance,fueltypeandloaddetails;• Agriculturalwasteresidues–producedintheregion,usedinandoutsidethe
project and surplus;
BASELINE SCENARIOAgricultural residues are lef todecay anaerobically.
PROJECT SCENARIOAgricultural residues are usedas eedstock in a ne acility orproducing paper, pulp, cardboard,breboard or bio-oil.
AM0057 Avoided emissions rom biomass astes through use as eedstock in pulp and paper, cardboard, breboard or bio-oil production
Biomss Disposl Bios CHRelese
Pulp/pper
CH
Biomss
Feedstock
Disposl Bios Relese
AM0057
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) A ne primary district heating system supplied by previously unused heat rom a ossil-uel-red poer plant is introduced. It replaces ossil-uel-red heat only boilers.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o ossil-uel-based heat generation by utilization o aste heat.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theheatsuppliedbytheprojectispredominantlyfromagridconnectedpowerplant ith three years o operation history and no use o aste heat and can besupplemented by ne heat-only boilers;
• Bothpowerplantandboilersuseonlyonetypeoffuel;• Theheatisusedforheatingand/ortapwatersupplyintheresidentialand/or
commercial buildings, but not or industrial production processes.
Important parameters At validation:• Eciencyoftheheatsupplyandfueltypesinthebaseline;• Minimumandmaximumpowergenerationduringthelastthreeyears.
Monitored:
• Quantityofheatfromthecogenerationplantandfromallheatonly/peakloadboilers in the project;
• Totalareaofallthebuildingsintheproject;• Quantityofheatsuppliedfromeachsub-stationtothebuildings;• Quantityofelectricitysuppliedtothegridbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is used in a poer plant
that only supplies grid electricity;ossil uel is used in individualboilers that supply heat to users.
PROJECT SCENARIOFossil uel is used in a poer plantthat supplies both electricity tothe grid and heat to individualusers. Fossil uel previously usedin individual boilers is no longerused.
AM0058 Introduction o a ne primary district heating system
CO
Het
Fossil fuel Power plnt
Electricit
ConsumerHet
CO
Fossil fuel Het
Relese
CO
Het
Fossil fuel Power plnt
Het
Electricit
Het
CO
Het
Fossil fuel Consumer
Relese
AM0058
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Typical project(s) Technology improvement at a primary aluminium smelter (PFPB, CwPB, SwPB, VSSor HSS) using computerized controls or improved operating practices, to reduce PFCemissions and/or to improve electrical energy eciency.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o PFC emissions and electricity savings leading to less H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectislimitedtochangesofthesmeltingtechnology;• Atleastthreeyearsofhistoricaldataforestimatingbaselineemissionsareavailable.
Important parameters At validation:
• Iflessthan95%oftheanodeeectsaremanuallyterminated,numberanddurationo anode eect or anode eect over-voltage, and current eciency;
• PFCemissions;• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantityofaluminiumproducedintheproject;• Quantityofelectricityimportedfromcaptiveplantsandthegrid;• PFCemissions;• Ifapplicable:electricityfactorforcaptivegeneratedelectricity.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity is consumed to produce
aluminium and the productionprocess leads to PFC emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess electricity is consumedto produce aluminium andthe production process leadsto less PFC emissions.
AM0059 Reduction in Hs emission rom primaryaluminium smelters
CO
PFC
Grid
Aluminium
Power plnt
Electricit
Fossil fuel
CO
Grid PFCAluminium
Power plnt
Electricit
Uprde
Fossil fuel
AM0059
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) The one-to-one replacement o existing electricity-driven chillers by more-energy-ecient ne chillers ith similar rated output capacity to the existing ones.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Electricity savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Foreachchillerreplacement,theratedoutputcapacityofthenewchillerisnotsignicantly larger or smaller (maximum ±5%) than the existing chiller;
• Thechillerisusedtogeneratechilledwaterorawater/antifreezemixture (e.g. ater ith addition o glycol) or process cooling or air conditioning;
• Theexistingandnewchillersaredrivenbyelectricalenergy;• Theexistingchillersarefunctioningandfullyoperationalandcancontinueto
operate or several years i regular maintenance is undertaken;
• Theexistingchillersaredestroyed,andtherefrigerantcontainedintheexisting chiller ill be recovered and destroyed, or stored in suitable containers.
Important parameters At validation:
• Powerconsumptionfunctionoftheexistingchillers;• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Averagechilleroutputofthenewchillers;• Averageinlettemperatureofcondensingwaterofthenewchillers;• Averageinletandoutlettemperatureofchilledwatersuppliedbythenewchillers.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Continued operation o theexisting, less-energy-ecientchillers.
PROJECT SCENARIOOperation o energy-ecientchillers, resulting into loer CO emissions.
AM0060 Poer saving through replacement by energy ecient chillers
Electricit Chiller
Grid
Electricit
Fossil fuel
CO
GHG
Grid
Electricit
Fossil fuel
CO
Uprde
Electricit Chiller GHG
AM0060
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Typical project(s) Implementation o measures to increase the energy eciency o existing poer plantsthat supply electricity to the grid. Examples o these measures are: the replacemento orn blades o a turbine by ne ones; the implementation o ne control systems;replacement o decient heat exchangers in a boiler by ne ones, or the installation o additional heat recovery units in an existing boiler.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology sitch resulting in an increase in energy eciency in an existing poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectdoesnotinvolvetheinstallationandcommissioningofnewelectricitygeneration units;
• Thedesignedpowergenerationcapacityofeachunitmayincreaseasaresult o the project but this increase is limited to 5% o the ormer design poer
generation capacity o the hole plant;• Theexistingpowerplanthasanoperationhistoryofatleast10yearsanddata
on uel consumption and electricity generation or the most recent ve years priorto the implementation o the project are available;
• Onlymeasuresthatrequirecapitalinvestmentcanbeincluded.Consequently,regular maintenance and housekeeping measures cannot be included in the project.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Energyeciencyoftheprojectpowerplant;• Quantityoffuelusedintheprojectpowerplant;• Caloricvalueandemissionfactorofthefuelusedintheprojectpowerplant;• Electricitysuppliedtothegridbytheprojectpowerplant.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the operation o the poer plant, using all poergeneration equipment alreadyused prior to the implementationo the project, and undertakingbusiness as usual maintenance.
PROJECT SCENARIOImplementation o energyeciency improvement measuresor the rehabilitation o an existingossil-uel-red poer plant. As aresult, less ossil uel is consumedto generate electricity.
AM0061 Methodology or rehabilitation and/or energy eciencyimprovement in existing poer plants
CO
Fossil fuel
Electricit
Power plnt
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Uprde
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Electricit
AM0061
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Implementation o measures to increase the energy eciency o steam or gas turbines inexisting poer plants that supply electricity to the grid. Examples o these measures are:replacement o orn blades o a turbine by ne ones; implementation o rened sealingto reduce leakage; replacement o complete inner blocks (steam path, rotor, inner casing,inlet nozzles).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology sitch resulting in an increase in energy eciency at an existing poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectpowerplantutilizesfossilfueltooperate;• Measuresrelatedtorecommendedregularorpreventivemaintenanceactivities
(including replacements and overhauling) as provided by the manuacturero turbine, or superior practices o preventive maintenance (e.g. sophisticated
cleaning systems resulting in improved eciency) are not applicable;• Theoperationalparametersthataecttheenergyeciencyoftheturbine(e.g.steam
pressure and temperature, quality o steam in the case o a saturated steam turbine;condenser vacuum, and combustion temperature or gas turbine) remain the same,subject to a variation o +/-5%, in the baseline and the project scenario;
• Themethodologyisapplicableuptotheendofthelifetimeoftheexistingturbine, i shorter than the crediting period.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantity,caloricvalueandemissionfactoroffuelusedintheprojectpowerplant;• Electricitysuppliedtothegridbytheprojectpowerplant;• Enthalpyofthesteamsuppliedtotheturbine,incaseofsteamturbines.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentpractice; i.e. the turbine continuesto be operated ithout retrotting.
PROJECT SCENARIORetrotting o steam turbines andgas turbines ith components o improved design to increase theenergy eciency in an existingossil uel poer plant. Thus,ossil uel consumption is reduced.
AM0062 Energy eciency improvements o a poer plantthrough retrotting turbines
CO
Fossil fuel
Electricit
Power plnt
Electricit
Uprde
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Electricit
AM0062
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Paragraph ill include to parts, accordingly:() Recovery o CO rom the tail gas (T) generated by an existing industrial acility to
substitute the combustion o ossil uels at an existing conventional CO productionacility or a ne CO production plant;
() Use o intermediate gas (I) o a ne production acility, or recovery o CO in a neCO production plant, established as part o the project activity.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive eedstock ith CO recovered rom the tail gasor intermediate gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Thetailgasfromtheexistingindustrialfacilityhasbeenproducedforaslongas the industrial acility has been in operation;
• Thereexistatleastthreeyearsofhistoricalrecordsrelatedtotheoperationoftheindustrial acility rom hich the tail gas is extracted;
• Priortotheprojectimplementation,thetailgashaseitherbeenusedasfuelin the industrial acility ithout extraction o the CO or has been ared;
• ThetotalamountofCO produced at the project acility shall not be consumed atthe project acility (e.g. or manuacturing o chemicals) and has to be sold ithinthe host country;
• TheindustrialfacilitydoesnotutilizeCO in the intermediate gas or any otherpurpose in the production process.
Important parameters At validation:
• QuantityofCO produced at the existing CO production acility;
• ElectricityandfuelconsumptionattheexistingCO production acility.
Monitored:
• Averagecarboncontentandvolumeofthetailgasand/orintermediategas delivered to the project CO production acility;
• QuantityofCO produced at the project CO production acility;
• Averagecarboncontentandvolumeoftheogascombustedatthe industrial acility;
• AmountandenduseofCO purchased by customers and date o delivery;
• Quantityorvolumeofmainproductactuallyproducedinyear;• Quantityorvolumeofmainproductactuallysoldanddeliveredtocustomers.
BASELINE SCENARIOCombustion o ossil uel at a
conventional CO productionacility.
PROJECT SCENARIORecovery o CO rom the tail gas/intermediate gas generated byan existing industrial acility or
use at the project CO productionacility.
AM0063 Recovery o CO2 rom tail gas in industrial acilitiesto substitute the use o ossil uels or production o CO2
CO Production
Production
Fossil fuel
CO
Burnin
TG/IG Burnin
Fossil fuel CO Production
Production
Burnin
COTG/IG Burnin
AM0063
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture and utilization or destruction o methane rom an operating mine, excludingmines here coal is extracted; capture and destruction o methane released romgeological structures, e.g. methane released directly rom holes drilled in geologicalormations specically or mineral exploration and prospecting activities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Avoidance o H emissions rom underground, hard rock, precious and base metal mines.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Incasetheprojectiscaptureandutilizationordestructionofmethanefromaoperatingmine, the captured methane is utilized to produce electricity, motive poer and/orthermal energy and/or destroyed through aring. Prior to the start o the project allmethane as released into the atmosphere or partially used or heat generation;
• Incasetheprojectiscaptureanddestructionofmethanereleasedfromgeological
structures, abandoned or decommissioned mines, as ell as open cast mines areexcluded. Coal extraction mines or oil shale, as ell as boreholes or ells opened orgas/oil exploration or extraction do not qualiy.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Concentrationofmethaneinextractedgas;• Quantityofmethanesenttopowerplant,boilerandgasgridforendusers;• Quantityofelectricityandheatgeneratedbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOMethane is emitted romoperating mines and geologicalstructures into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane is captured anddestroyed or utilized or energygeneration.
CHMinin CH Relese
Ener
CO
Minin CH
Flrin
Relese CH
AM0064 Methodology or methane capture and utilisation ordestruction in underground, hard rock, precious and base metal mines
AM0064
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Full or partial replacement o the use o cover gas SF, an inert gas used to avoid oxidationo molten magnesium in casting and alloying processes, by alternate cover gas (HFC34a,Peruoro--methyl-3-pentanone (CF3CFC(O)CF(CF3)) or SO using lean SO technology), inexisting acilities o magnesium metal cast industry.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o SF emissions by the use o alternate cover gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ProjectofSF replacement can be implemented in all segments o the magnesiummetal cast industry, as dened in the methodology;
• Themagnesiummetalcastfacilityhasanoperatinghistoryofatleastthreeyearsprior to the project implementation;
• IfSO is used as cover gas in the project, only “dilute SO ” technology is used
that meets the specications provided in methodology;• LocalregulationsinthehostcountryregardingSO emissions in the exhausting
system should be complied ith. I such regulations are not in place, the valueso SO emissions given in the methodology should be complied ith.
Important parameters At validation:
• Amountofmagnesiummanufacturedinthemostrecentthreeyears;• SF consumption in the magnesium cast acility in the most recent three years prior
to the project implementation.
Monitored:
• Amountofmagnesiummanufacturedintheproject;• Consumptionofalternatecovergasintheproject;
• ConsumptionofSF6orCO in the project, i any.
BASELINE SCENARIOSF continues to be used as covergas in magnesium metal castindustry, leading to its emissionrom the processes.
PROJECT SCENARIOSF is replaced ith alternatecover gas, resulting in avoidanceo SF emissions.
AM0065 Replacement o SF6 ith alternate cover gasin the magnesium industry
MnesiumSF SF SFRelese
Mnesium
SF
Alterntive
SF
SF
GHG
Relese
AM0065
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Typical project(s) waste heat released rom urnace(s)/kiln(s) is utilized to preheat ra material(s) inan existing or greeneld sponge iron manuacturing acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Energy eciency improvement leading to reduced specic heat consumption.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedeitherforanindividualfurnace/kilnoragroupofurnaces/kilns producing the same type o output;
• Wasteheattobeutilizedisgeneratedintheprojectfurnace(s)/kiln(s);• Onlysolidmatterwithoutscrap/productrejectsisusedasrawmaterial;• Intheproject,therawmaterialisfeddirectlyfromthepreheatertothefurnace/kiln.
Hoever, the possibility to bypass the preheater equipment remains.
Important parameters At validation:• Historicalproductionandfossilfuelconsumption.
Monitored:
• Quantity,chemicalcompositionandphysicalstate(includingthepercentage o the metallization) o ra materials and nal product;
• Typeandquantitiesoffossilfuel;• Quantityofthermalandelectrical(fromthegridandfromthecaptivepowerplant,
respectively) energy consumed.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is red or theprocess. The resulting heat rom
urnace(s)/kiln(s) is not utilizedand instead vented.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess ossil uel is red in theprocess. The heat rom urnace(s)/kiln(s) is usedto preheat ra material(s)beore eeding it into theurnace(s)/kiln(s).
CO
Fossil fuel Iron
Het Relese
Fossil fuel Iron
CO
Het Relese
AM0066 H emission reductions through aste heat utilisation orpre-heating o ra materials in sponge iron manuacturing process
AM0066
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Typical project(s) Replacement o existing less-ecient transormers ith more-ecient transormers inan existing distribution grid or the installation o ne high-ecient transormers in neareas that are currently not connected to a distribution grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Implementation o high-ecient transormers reduces losses in the grid and therebyH emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Emissionreductionsduetoreductioninno-loadlossesaloneareclaimed;• Loadlosses,atratedload,ofthetransformersimplementedundertheproject
are demonstrated to be equal or loer than the load losses in transormers thatould have been installed in absence o the project;
• Projectproponentimplementsascrappingsystemtoensurethatthereplacedtransformers
are not used in other parts o the distribution grid or in another distribution grid.
Important parameters At validation:
• Averageofno-loadlossrateprovidedbythemanufacturersofalltypeoftransformers;• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Cumulativenumberoftransformersinstalledbytheprojectaswellasrelated load-loss rates and the black out rate.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess-ecient transormers areinstalled in existing distribution
grids or ill be installed in nedistribution grids.
PROJECT SCENARIOHigh-ecient transormers areinstalled in existing distributiongrids or ill be installed in nedistribution grids resulting inloer electricity generationrequirements and thereby areduction o H emissions.
CO
Electricit
Electricit
Grid
Electricit
Consumer
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Electricit
Grid
Electricit
Consumer
Uprde
Fossil fuel
AM0067 Methodology or installation o energy ecient transormersin a poer distribution grid
AM0067
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Typical project(s) The project is implemented to improve energy eciency o an existing erroalloyproduction acility. Improvement includes modication o existing submerged electric arcsmelting urnace(s) into open slag bath smelting urnace(s) or modication o existingco-current rotary kilns into counter-current rotary kilns.
The existing acility is limited to the submerged electric arc smelting urnace(s)and rotary kilns producing only one type o erroalloy, as dened by the compositiono its ingredients.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectincludesatleastthemodicationof“submergedbathelectricfurnaces”to “open slag bath melting urnaces” and can also include a modication o “co-current rotary kilns” to “counter-current rotary kilns”;
• Onlyonetypeofferroalloyisproducedatthefacilityanditstypeandqualityis not aected by the project and remains unchanged throughout the crediting period;
• Dataforatleastthethreeyearsprecedingtheimplementationoftheprojectisavailable to estimate the baseline emissions.
Important parameters At validation:
• Quantityandqualityofferroalloysproduced;• Consumptionofelectricityandfossilfuelsinrotarykilnsandsmeltingfurnaces;• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantityandqualityofferroalloyproduced;• Consumptionofelectricityandfossilfuelsinrotarykilnsandsmeltingfurnaces;• Nonenergy-relatedcarbonstreams(quantitiesandcarboncontentofreducing
agents and its volatiles, ore, slag orming material, non product stream, etc.).
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy (ossil uel and electricity)is used in a erroalloy productionacility, leading to CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess energy (ossil uel andelectricity) is used in a erroalloyproduction process, leading toloer CO emissions.
AM0068 Methodology or improved energy eciency by modiyingerroalloy production acility
CO
Fossil fuel
Ferrollo
Electricit
Power plnt
Grid
Fossil fuel
CO
Fossil fuel
Ferrollo
Electricit
Power plnt
Grid
Uprde
Fossil fuel
AM0068
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Typical project(s) Capture o biogas at a asteater treatment acility or a landll and use o the biogas toully or partially substitute natural gas or other ossil uels as eedstock and uel or theproduction o ton gas.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction;• Renewableenergy;• Feedstockswitch.CH4 emissions are avoided and ossil uel is replaced.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thereisnochangeinthequalityoftheproducedtowngas;• Towngasconsumerand/ordistributiongridarewithinthehostcountryboundaries;• Biogasiscapturedatanexistinglandllsiteorwastewatertreatmentfacilitythat
has at least a three-year record o venting or aring o biogas. Biogas ould
continue to be vented or ared in the absence o the project;• Projectisimplementedinanexistingtowngasfactorythatusedonlyfossilfuels,no
biogas, or at least three years prior to the start o the project.
Important parameters Monitored:• Quantityandcaloricvalueoftowngasproduced;• Quantityandcaloricvalueofthebiogasandfossilfuelusedasfeedstock.
BASELINE SCENARIOVenting or aring o biogas at thesite here it is captured and useo ossil uel as eedstock or tongas production.
PROJECT SCENARIOCapture o biogas rom landllsand/or aste treatment plantsand use o it to replace ossil uel.
GHG
CO
Relese
Flrin
Fossil fuel Town s Town s
Bios
Lndll
Burnin
Loon
COFossil fuel Town s Town s
Bios
Lndll
GHG
Flrin
Relese
Burnin
Loon
AM0069 Biogenic methane use as eedstock and uel orton gas production
AM0069
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Typical project(s) Increase in the energy eciency o manuactured rerigerators.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Increase in energy eciency to reduce electricity consumed per unit o service provided.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Refrigeratorsareusedbyhouseholdsonacontinuousbasis;• NoincreaseintheGWPofrefrigerantsandfoamblowingagentsused;• Nochangeinthegeneraltypeofrefrigerators;• Ifalabellingschemeisusedtodeterminetheratedelectricityconsumptionof
rerigerators, then it must cover % o the market share and include the mostecient rerigerators in the host country.
Important parameters At validation:
• Autonomousimprovementratio;• Informationonhistoricalsales(quantity,storagevolumes,ratedelectricity
consumption);
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantityofrefrigeratorssold;• Specications(model,designtypeandvolumeclass)ofrefrigeratorssold;• Electricityconsumptionofrefrigeratorsinthemonitoringsamplegroup.
BASELINE SCENARIOHigh electricity consumption byinecient domestic rerigerators
results in high CO emissions romgeneration o electricity.
PROJECT SCENARIOLoer electricity consumptionby more-ecient domesticrerigerators results in less CO emissions rom generation o electricity.
CO
Electricit
Grid
Refriertors
Fossil fuel
Uprde
CO
Electricit
Grid
Refriertors
Fossil fuel
AM0070 Manuacturing o energy ecient domestic rerigerators
AM0070
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Typical project(s) Sitching rom a high wP to lo wP rerigerant hile manuacturing and rellingdomestic and/or small commercial rerigeration appliances.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o H emission by sitching rom high-wP rerigerant to lo-wP rerigerant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ThemanufacturerhasbeenproducingrefrigerationappliancesusingHFC-134aforatleast
three years and has not been using lo-wP rerigerants prior to the start o the project;• Onlyonelow-GWPrefrigerantisusedinmanufacturingandrellingofrefrigeration
appliances;
• Theprojectdoesnotleadtoadecreaseinenergyeciency;• Importedrefrigerationappliancesshallnotbeincludedintheproject;• Lessthan50%ofthedomesticrefrigerantproductionuselowGWPrefrigerants.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalproductionofrefrigeratorssoldinhostcountrywithinitialcharge.
Monitored:• Initialrefrigerantchargeintheprojectanditsdistributionlosses;• Quantitiesandmodelsofappliancesmanufacturedandexported;• Numberofrejectunitsofrefrigerationappliancemodel;• Failurerateinvolvingrefrigerantrecharge.
BASELINE SCENARIOProduction o rerigerationappliances ith high-wP
rerigerant.
PROJECT SCENARIOProduction o rerigerationappliances ith lo-wPrerigerant.
HFC
HFCRefriertors
RefriertorsRefriernt
GHGRefriertors
Refriernt
Refriernt
Refriertors
HFC
HFC
Refriertors
AM0071 Manuacturing and servicing o domestic and/or smallcommercial rerigeration appliances using a lo wP rerigerant
AM0071
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Typical project(s) Introduction o a centralized geothermal heat supply system or space heating inbuildings. The geothermal heat supply system can be a ne system in ne buildings,the replacement o existing ossil uel systems or the addition o extra geothermal ellsto an existing system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Usegeothermalresourcesforcentralizedspace-heatingsysteminresidential,commercial and/or industrial areas;
• UseofGHG-emittingrefrigerantsisnotpermitted;• Theheatdrawnfromthegeothermalwaterreplaces,partiallyorcompletely,theuse
o ossil uel in the baseline situation hereas a maximum increase o the previous
capacity o % is eligible (otherise a ne baseline scenario has to be developed).
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:threeyearsofhistoricaldataforfossilfuelsystem,e.g.averagethermal energy output or uel consumption.
Monitored:
• Temperaturedierencebetweeninletandoutlettemperaturesaswellasowrateatthe donstream o the geothermal heat exchanger and the net heating area o thebuildings included in the project boundary;
• Geothermalnon-condensablegas(CO and CH4) produced afer the implementationo the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is used as energysource or space heating
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o a ne geothermalsystem in ne building(s),replacement o existing ossil uelheating systems or expansiono capacity o an existinggeothermal system instead o using ossil uel.
AM0072 Fossil uel displacement by geothermal resources orspace heating
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Het
CO
HetHet
Fossil fuel
Geotherml
Het
CO
ConsumerHetHet
AM0072
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Typical project(s) Manure is collected by tank trucks, canalized and/or pumped rom multiple livestockarms and then treated in a single central treatment plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Release o CH4 emissions is avoided by combustion o methane.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Livestockfarmpopulationsaremanagedunderconnedconditions;• Manureisnotdischargedintonaturalwaterresources(e.g.riversorestuaries);• Animalresiduesaretreatedunderanaerobicconditionsinthebaselinesituation
(conditions or this treatment process are specied);
• Iftreatedresidueisusedasfertilizerinthebaseline,thenthisendusecontinuesunder the project;
• Sludgeproducedduringtheprojectisstabilizedthroughthermaldrying
or composting, prior to its nal disposition/application.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Volume,volatilesolidsandtotalnitrogenoftheeuentandresiduesbeingtreated or produced at the central treatment plant;
• Auxiliaryenergyusedtorunprojecttreatmentsteps;• Electricityorheatgeneratedbytheuseofbiogas.
BASELINE SCENARIOAnaerobic manure treatmentsystems ithout methanerecovery result in CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOManure rom arms is collectedand processes in a centraltreatment plant. Methane iscaptured and ared or used. Incase o energetic use o biogas,displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
MnureLivestock Bios CHReleseTretment
Tretment Bios
Tretment Bios Relese CH
MnureLivestock
Flrin
Ener
AM0073 H emission reductions through multi-site manurecollection and treatment in a central plant
AM0073
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Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that supplies electricity to the grid and usespermeate gas, lo heating value o-gas resultant rom the processing o natural gas, asuel to operate the poer plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Lowcarbonelectricity.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thetotalamountofpermeategasfromthegasprocessingfacilitywasared and/or vented or at least three years prior to the start o the project;
• Thetransportationofthepermeategasfromthenaturalgasprocessingfacility to the ne poer plant occurs through a dedicated pipeline that is established aspart o the project and not used or the transportation o any other gases;
• Allpowerproducedbytheprojectpowerplantisexportedtothegrid.
Important parameters At validation:
• FugitiveCH4 emission actor o all relevant equipment types used to transport thepermeate gas.
Monitored:
• Electricitysuppliedtothegridbytheprojectpowerplant;• Averagemassfractionofmethaneinthepermeategas;• Operationtimeofequipmentusedtotransportthepermeategas;• Emissionfactorofbaselineelectricitygeneration,derivedfromanemissionfactor
o the grid, or the poer generation technology that ould most likely be used inthe absence o the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOPermeate gas is ared and/orvented. Electricity is generatedusing processed natural gasor other energy sources thanpermeate gas, or electricity isprovided by the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOPermeate gas, previously aredand/or vented at the existingnatural gas processing acility,is used as uel in a ne grid-connected poer plant.
AM0074 Methodology or ne grid connected poer plantsusing permeate gas previously ared and/or vented
CO
Fossil fuel
Power plnt
Grid
Flrin/Ventin CO
Electricit
Production Permete s
Electricit
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Production
Power plnt
Grid
Permete s
Flrin/Ventin
Fossil fuel
Electricit
CO
AM0074
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AM0075 Methodology or collection, processing and supplyo biogas to end-users or production o heat
Typical project(s) Processing and upgrading the biogas collected rom biogas producing site(s) in a nebiogas processing acility and supplying it to existing end-user(s) to produce heat in heatgeneration equipments or on-site use.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction;• Renewableenergy.Sitching rom more-carbon-intensive uel to biogas that as previously ared or vented.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thebiogasisobtainedfromoneorseveralexistingbiogasproducingsite(s)thathave to be identied ex-ante;
• Thebiogaswaseitherventedoraredpriortoimplementationoftheproject;• Allheatgenerationequipmentsincludedintheprojecthavetobeidentiedex-
ante, and it has to be demonstrated that these ere using only ossil uel prior to
implementation o the project;• Anytransportationofbiogasorprocessedbiogasoccursonlythroughdedicated
pipelines or by road vehicles.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Amountandnetcaloricvalueofprocessedbiogassuppliedtotheboilerorheatgeneration equipment(s);
• Amountofthesteamorheatproducedintheboilerorheatgenerationequipment(s);• Amountandnetcaloricvalueoffossilfuelusedintheboilerorheatgeneration
equipment.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o ossil uel in heat
generation equipments andbiogas is ared or vented.
PROJECT SCENARIOUpgraded biogas burned in theheat generation equipmentsavoiding the use o ossil uel.
CO
Bios
Het
Het
Disposl
Consumer
Loon
Fossil fuel
Flrin/Ventin
Bios Flrin/Ventin
Fossil fuel
Het
Het
Disposl
CO
Consumer
Loon
AM0075
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AM0076 Methodology or implementation o ossil ueltrigeneration systems in existing industrial acilities
Typical project(s) Installation o an on-site ossil-uel-based trigeneration plant to supply electricity,steam and chilled ater to an industrial acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o electricity, heat and cooling that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thebaselineistheseparatesupplyofelectricityfromthegrid,heatsupplied by an on-site ossil uel red boiler and chilled ater rom on-site electricalcompression chillers;
• Therehavebeennocogeneration(CHP)ortrigeneration(CCHP)systemsoperating in the industrial acility prior to the project;
• Nosteamorchilledwaterisexportedintheproject;
• Chillersintheprojectareheatdriven(absorptionchillers).
Important parameters At validation:
• Outputeciencyofthebaselineboiler;• Powerconsumptionfunctionofthebaselinechiller.
Monitored:
• Electricityproduced/purchased/soldbythetrigenerationplant;• Quantityoffuelsusedinthetrigenerationplant;• Quantity,temperatureandpressureofsteamproducedbythetrigenerationplant;• Quantityandtemperatureofchilledwaterproducedbythetrigenerationplant.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Separate supply o electricity romthe grid, chilled ater using gridelectricity and steam by a ossil-uel-red boiler.
PROJECT SCENARIOA ossil uel-red trigenerationplant generates directly at theindustrial acility electricity, steamand chilled ater resulting inoverall loer CO emissions.
Het
Electricit
ConsumerCoolin CO
Fossil fuel
Het
Grid
Het
Electricit
ConsumerCoolin
Fossil fuel
Trienertion
CO
Het
CO
Grid
Fossil fuel
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Typical project(s) Associated gas rom oil ells that as previously ared or vented, is recovered andprocessed in a ne gas processing plant along ith, optionally, non-associatedgas. The processed gas is delivered to clearly identiable specic end-user(s) bymeans o CN mobile units and/or delivered into an existing natural gas pipeline.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch;Recovery o associated gas rom oil ells that ould otherise be ared or ventedor displacement o non-associated gas in a ne gas processing plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Therecoveredgascomesfromoilwellsthatareinoperationandproducingoil at the time. Records o aring or venting o the associated gas are available or atleast three years;
• Theprocessedgasisconsumedinthehostcountry(ies)only;
• Iftheprojectoilwellsincludegas-lisystems,thegas-ligashastobeassociatedgas rom the oil ells ithin the project boundary;
• Thenaturalgascanbeusedonlyinheatgeneratingequipment.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandcarboncontentofgasmeasuredatvariouspoints,i.e.recoveredassociated gas, non-associated gas rom natural gas ells, gas or other ossil uel
consumed on site, gas delivered to end-user(s), gas delivered to natural gas pipeline;• Ifapplicable:quantityandnetcaloricvalueoffuelconsumedinvehiclesfor
transportation o CN.
BASELINE SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ells is
ared or vented and end usersmeet their energy demand usingother ossil uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ells isrecovered instead o ared orvented and displaces the use o other ossil uel by the end-users.
Oil
Nturl s
Oil
Associted s
Nturl s
CO
CO
Flrin/Ventin
Het
Het
Consumer
Nturl sNturl s
Flrin/Ventin CO
Oil
Oil
Associted s
CO
Het
Het
Consumer
AM0077 Recovery o gas rom oil ells that ould otherisebe vented or ared and its delivery to specic end-users
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Typical project(s) Installation o a combustion or thermal abatement device to destroy SF emissionsrom an LCD etching plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Combustion or thermal destruction o SF emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ProductionlineswithatleastthreeyearsofinformationaboutSF purchaseand consumption and production o LCD substrate by January , 9;
• Thereisnolocallaworregulationthatmandatesdecomposition,destruction,recycling or substitution o SF or any component o exhaust gases containing SF;
• TheSF destruction should occur at the same industrial site here SF is used, andthe SF destroyed is not imported rom other acilities.
Important parameters At validation:• SF consumption in the most recent three years;
• ProductionofLCDsubstrateinthemostrecentthreeyears.
Monitored:
• MassofSF gas entering and existing the abatement device;
• SF consumption in the project;
• ProductionofLCDsubstrate;• Electricityand/orfuelconsumptionfortheoperationoftheabatementdevice.
BASELINE SCENARIOSF is released to the atmosphereafer being used in the etching o
LCD units.
PROJECT SCENARIOSF is recovered and destroyed inan abatement unit located aferthe etching unit.
SFLCDSF SF Relese
CO
LCD
Fossil fuel
SF
Electricit
SF
SFRelese
Decomposition
AM0078 Point o use abatement device to reduce SF6 emissionsin LCD manuacturing operations
AM0078
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AM0079 Recovery o SF6 rom gas insulated electrical equipmentin testing acilities
Typical project(s) Installation o a recovery system or used SF gas that ould be vented afer the testingo gas-insulated electrical equipment at a testing acility, and then reclamation o therecovered SF gas at an SF production acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Avoidance o SF emissions by recovery and reclamation o the SF emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheSF recovery site uses SF in the testing o gas-insulated electrical equipment,hich are perormed as part o a rating process, or during development orproduction o ne electrical equipment;
• Therecoveredgasisreclaimedbyusingitasafeedstockintheproductionof ne SF on the premises o an existing SF production acility;
• Thetestingconsideredfortheprojectiselectricaltestsofmediumandhigh
voltage rated equipment (> kV);• Beforetheprojectimplementation,SF gas used in the equipment or the tests
is vented afer testing.
Important parameters At validation:
• MassofSF that is vented during testing or at least one year o historical data;
• ConcentrationofSF in a recovery cylinder or at least one year o historical data.
Monitored:
• MassofSF that is lled into each gas-insulated electrical equipment;
• MassofSF recovered at the recovery site and used as eedstock at thereclamation site;
• ConcentrationofSF in a recovery cylinder.
BASELINE SCENARIOSF is released to the atmosphereafer the completion o thetest o a gas-insulated electricalequipment.
PROJECT SCENARIOSF used during the test isrecovered and transported to areclamation acility here therecovered gas ill be re-injectedin the stream to produce ne SF.
SF Testin SF SFRelese
Recclin
SF
SF
SF
Relese
Testin SF
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Implementing a ne aerobic asteater treatment plant or the treatment o domesticand/or industrial asteater, ith sludge treated either in the same manner as thebaseline, or in a ne anaerobic digester ith biogas capture. The biogas is either aredand/or used to generate electricity and/or heat.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions rom asteater treatment.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojecteitherreplacesanexistinganaerobicopenlagoonsystem,with or ithout conversion o the sludge treatment system, or is an alternative to a neto be built anaerobic open lagoon system;
• Loadinginthewastewaterstreamshastobehighenoughtoensurethatalgaloxygen production can be ruled out in the baseline;
• Theaveragedepthoftheexistingornewtobebuiltanaerobicopenlagoonssystemis at least one metre and residence time o the organic matter is at least days.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandaveragechemicaloxygendemandofthewastewaterthatistreated;• Electricityandheatgeneratedwithbiogasfromthenewanaerobicdigester,
i applicable;
• Quantityofproducedsludge;• Fossilfuel,electricityandtransportationneededtooperatetheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOwasteater ould have beentreated in an anaerobic open
lagoon system ithout methanerecovery and aring. Sludgeould have been dumped or lefto decay, or dried under controlledand aerobic conditions andthen disposed to a landll ithmethane recovery or used in soilapplication.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o a ne aerobicasteater treatment plant.Sludge is treated either the sameay as the baseline or in a ne
anaerobic digester ith the biogascapture.
CHWste wter Loon Bios Relese
CH
Wste wter
Bios ReleseLoon
Tretment
Air
AM0080 Mitigation o greenhouse gases emissions ith treatmento asteater in aerobic asteater treatment plants
AM0080
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Typical project(s) Construction o a ne dimethyl ether (DME) acility to utilize a previously vented orared stream o Coke Oven as (CO).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Use o a previously vented source o carbon or the production o DME and use o DME or LP blending.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheprojectisanewlybuiltDMEplantwhichwillsupplyDMEtoLPGprocessingacilities or blending purposes;
• ThehistoryofthecokeplantistheventingoraringofCOGforatleastthreeyears;• Bituminouscoalremainsthesolecokingcoalforthecokeplant;• COGistheonlycarbonsourceusedforDMEproduction.
Important parameters At validation:• Historicalcoalconsumptionandcokeproductionincokeplants.
Monitored:
• Thetypeandamountofcoalconsumedineachcokeplant(forprocessandfuel);• Thequantityoffossilfuelscombustedasaresultoftheproject(i.e.intheoperation
o the DME production acility or poer plant);
• ElectricityconsumptioninDMRplant.
BASELINE SCENARIOVenting or aring o CO. Use o unblended LP uel resulting inhigh CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o all or part o the astedCO to produce DME. This DMEis supplied to LP processingacilities or blending purpose.Thus, use o LP is reduced.
Fossil fuel
Flrin/Ventin
LPG LPG Consumer
COG
Col Coke
CO
CO
CO
Fossil fuel LPG Blended LPG Consumer
COG Flrin/Ventin
Col Coke
CO
CO
CO
AM0081 Flare or vent reduction at coke plants through the conversiono their aste gas into dimethyl ether or use as a uel
AM0081
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Frameork Convention on
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AM0082 Use o charcoal rom planted reneable biomass in theiron ore reduction process through the establishment o a ne ironore reduction system
Typical project(s) Use reneable reducing agents such as charcoal produced rom dedicated plantationsinstead o ossil uel based reducing agents, in the iron ore reduction process using blasturnace technology. The project should include one or combination o the olloing ne
investment types: investment in dedicated plantations or the supply o reducing agents;or establishment o specic long-term binding contracts or the supply o reducingagents; or reurbishment/replacement o blast urnace; or establishment/acquisition o blast urnace; or adaptation o existing blast urnace to the use o charcoal.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Sitch to a reneable source o carbon or the reduction o iron in blast urnaces.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Therenewablebiomassusedforcharcoalproductionoriginatesfromadedicated plantation in a tropical location o the host country here ood irrigation is not
expected to take place;• Thededicatedplantationsshouldbelocatedinthehostcountryandunderthe
control o project participants either directly oned or controlled through a longterm contract;
• Evidenceshouldbeavailabletodemonstratethatthelandofdedicatedplantationalls into one o the olloing categories: grasslands; orest plantation afer its lastrotation or degraded areas;
• Theprojectdoesnotuseimportedmineralcokeoracquirebiomassfromthemarket.
Important parameters At validation:
• Carbonizationyield.
Monitored:
• Parametersrelatedtoemissionsfromreducingagentsproduction(carbonization and coal distillation);
• Parametersrelatedtoironorereductionfacilitysuchasfuel/reducingagentconsumption, their emission actors, hot metal produced and its carbon content etc.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe hot metal in iron and steelplant is produced using reducingagents o ossil uel origin, resultinginto high amount o CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe ne iron ore reduction systempartially or ully replaces ossil-uel-based reducing agent ithcharcoal o reneable origin,resulting into reduction o CO emissions.
Fossil fuel Iron CO
BiomssPlnttion
Fossil fuel
CO
Chrcol
Iron
AM0082
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Landlled aste is treated aerobically on-site by means o air venting (overdraing) orlo pressure aeration ith the objective o avoiding anaerobic degradation processes.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.The project avoids CH4 emissions rom landlls.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Aerationtechniquesusedareeitherairventing(overdrawing)orlowpressureaeration;
• Treatmentoflandlledwasteisinclosedlandllsorclosedlandllcells;• Ifmandatoryenvironmentalregulationsrequirethecollectionandaringoflandll
gas, the corresponding compliance rate is belo 5% in the host country;
• Closedcellsofoperatingorclosedlandllsmightbeeligibleaslongastheyarephysically distinct rom the remaining parts o the landll.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Amountofdegradablewastedisposedinthelandll;• Potentialmethanegenerationcapacity;• Ventedandsurfaceemissions:volumeandmethaneandnitrousoxidecontent.
BASELINE SCENARIOPartial or total release o landllgas rom the closed landll or theclosed landll cell.
PROJECT SCENARIOIn-situ aeration o the closed
landll or the closed landll cellreduces H emissions.
Lndll CHLndll s Relese
CHLndll s ReleseLndllAir
AM0083 Avoidance o landll gas emissions byin-situ aeration o landlls
AM0083
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Typical project(s) Installation o a ne cogeneration plant producing chilled ater and electricity.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o electricity and cooling that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thechilledwaterissuppliedbyvapourcompressionchillersinthebaselineand in the case o existing baseline acilities only used on-site by customers;
• Aertheimplementationoftheproject,thecogenerationfacilitycannotsupplyservices to acilities that are outside the project boundary;
• Thedemandofelectricityandwaterataconsumercannotexceed110%ofitshistorical level or a cumulative period longer than three months.
Important parameters At validation:• Powerconsumptionofthebaselinevapourcompressionchiller(s).
Monitored:
• Electricitygeneratedandconsumedbytheproject;• Chilledwatergeneratedbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOConsumers use electricityprovided by an on-sitepoer plant or by the grid.Consumption o electricityor the production o chilled
ater by the use o electricalchillers (vapour compressionchillers).
PROJECT SCENARIO
Consumers use electricity providedby a ossil-uel-red cogenerationsystem. The cogeneration systemprovides electricity and chilledater.
CO
Electricit
Grid
Power plnt
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Coolin
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Coolin
Coenertion CO
Power plnt
Grid
CO
Fossil fuel
AM0084 Installation o cogeneration system supplying electricityand chilled ater to ne and existing consumers
AM0084
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Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that co-res biomass residues ith ossiluel and supplies electricity to the grid or partial replacement o ossil uel by biomass tooperate an existing poer plant that supplies electricity to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectpowerplantgeneratesonlyelectricityanddoesnotco-generateheat;• Theamountofbiomassresiduesco-redintheprojectpowerplantshallnot
exceed 5% o the total uel red on an energy basis and the biomass residues usedby the project poer plant should not be stored or more than one year;
• Nosignicantenergyquantities,exceptfromtransportationormechanicaltreatment o the biomass residues, are required to prepare the biomass residues or
uel combustion;• Inthecaseoffuelswitchprojectsinexistingpowerplants:theexistingpowerplant
did not co-re any biomass prior to the implementation o the project.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Type,quantity,andcaloricvalueofthebiomassusedintheproject;• Projectemissionsfromtransportofbiomass.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is used or poergeneration.
PROJECT SCENARIOPoer generation based onco-combustion o biomassresidues in a poer plant.
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Electricit
Electricit
Power plnt
ElectricitFossil fuel
Biomss CO
AM0085
AM0085 Co-ring o biomass residues or electricity generationin grid connected poer plants
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AM0086 Installation o zero energy ater purier or saedrinking ater application
Typical project(s) water puriers and their consumable cleaning kits, both o hich do not utilize any
energy or puriying the ater as per the applicable national standard or the sae drinkingater, are sold to consumers and used in a specic geographical area.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more H intensive technology/technique used or the puricationo ater.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifthemanufacturerofzero-energywaterpuriersandconsumablecleaningkitsis a dierent entity than the seller, a contractual agreement beteen them is needed;
• Thetotalmarketpenetrationofallzero-energywaterpuriersisnotmorethan1% in each project area dened under project;
• Thezero-energywaterpuriersensurethattheycannotbeusedanymoreonce
a cleaning kit has reached the end o its lietime;• Apublicdistributionnetworksupplyingsafedrinkingwaterisabsentinthe
geographical project area.
Important parameters At validation:
• Averagequantityofdrinkingwaterconsumedineachhousehold;• CO emission actor o ater puriying technology/technique used in specic
geographical area.
Monitored:
• Numberofconsumersinprojectareathathavereceivedthecleaningkitsandnumber o kits sold to them or used cleaning kits collected rom them;
• Specicamountofwaterthatcanbepuriedperkit(measuredinlaboratoryfor
the sold kits).
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy consuming applicationsto produce sae drinking aterill continue to be used inthe households o a specicgeographical area.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe zero-energy purier displacesthe current technologies/techniques or generation o sae drinking ater in thehouseholds o a specicgeographical area.
ElectricitFossil fuel
Wter purier
CO
Wter ConsumerDrinkin wter
Electricit
CO
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Wter purier
Wter purier
Electricit
CO
Wter ConsumerDrinkin wter
Wter purier
AM0086
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Typical project(s) Installation o a natural-gas-red poer plant that supplies electricity to a grid and/oran existing acility that is also connected to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Lowcarbonelectricity.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectpowerplantgeneratesonlyelectricityanddoesnotcogenerateheat;
• Nopowerwasgeneratedatthesiteofthenewpowerplantpriortotheprojectimplementation;
• Naturalgasissucientlyavailableintheregionorcountry;• Incaseelectricityissuppliedtoanexistingfacility:thefacilityhasanoperational
history o at least three years, and the electricity is supplied through a dedicatedelectric line.
Important parameters At validation:
• Emissionfactorofbaselineelectricity,derivedfromanemissionfactorofthepowergrid, the poer generation technology that ould most likely be used in theabsence o the project, or the one currently used at the existing acility.
Monitored:
• Fuelconsumptionoftheprojectpowerplant;• Electricitysuppliedtotheelectricpowergridand/oranexistingfacility.
BASELINE SCENARIOPoer generation using) natural gas, but ith dierent
technologies than the project,) ossil uels other than natural
gas or reneable energy, or) ne or existing captive poer
plants at the existing acilityor import o electricity romthe grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOPoer supply to the grid and/oran existing acility by a nenatural-gas-red poer plant.
Fossil fuel
Grid
Power plnt
Electricit
Electricit
CO
Consumer
Electricit
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Grid
Power plnt
CO
CO
Electricit
Consumer
Nturl s Power plnt
AM0087 Construction o a ne natural gas poer plant supplyingelectricity to the grid or a single consumer
AM0087
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AM0088 Air separation using cryogenic energy recoveredrom the vaporization o LN
Typical project(s) The construction and operation o a ne air separation plant that utilizes thecryogenic energy recovered rom a ne or existing LN vaporization plant or theair separation process.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction in heat consumption or LN vaporization and uels/electricity use in airseparation plants.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thepurityoftheoxygenandnitrogenproducedbythenewairseparationplant is equal to or higher than 99.5%;
• ThenewairseparationplantislocatedatthesamesiteastheLNG vaporization plant;
• ThecryogenicenergyfromexistingLNGvaporizationplantwasnotutilizedfor
useul purposes and as being asted prior to the implementation o the project.
Important parameters At validation:
• Electricityemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• Quantityoffossilfuelsandelectricityconsumedbytheairseparationandthe
LN Vaporization acilities;
• AmountandphysicalpropertiesofLNGvaporized.
Monitored:
• QuantityoffossilfuelsandelectricityconsumedbytheAirSeparationandthe LN Vaporization acilities;
• AmountandphysicalpropertiesofLNGvaporizedandgasproducedattheseparation plant.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe air separation processould use ossil uels or electricityor cooling.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe air separation process usecryogenic energy recoveredrom a LN vaporization plantor cooling.
Fossil fuel
Electricit
LNG
Air seprtion CO
CO
Croenic
Fossil fuel
Electricit
LNG
Air seprtion
CO
Croenic
CO
AM0088
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Typical project(s) Production o petro/reneable diesel by sitching the eedstock o hydrodesulphurizationprocess (HDS) unit rom % gasoil to a mixture o gasoil and vegetable oil in anexisting renery, here the vegetable oil comes rom oilseeds rom plants that are
cultivated on dedicated plantations established on lands that are degraded or degradingat the start o the project.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy;• Feedstockswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive eedstock or the production o diesel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ThreeyearsofhistoricaldataarerequiredfortheHDSunit;• EnergyconsumptionintheHDSunitundertheprojectislowerorequaltothe
baseline scenario and any combustible gases and o-gases ormed during the
hydrogenation o vegetable oil have to be ared or used in the renery as uel;• Thepetro/renewabledieselisnotexportedtoanAnnexIcountry.
Important parameters At validation:
• RatiobetweentheamountofrenewabledieselproducedandvegetableoilfedintoHDS unit, density o reneable diesel.
Monitored:
• AmountofvegetableoilfedtoHDSunit,volumeofH consumed in the HDS unitand amount o petro/reneable diesel produced by the project;
• Projectemissionsfromtransportofoilseedsand/orvegetableoilifdistancesmorethan 5 km are covered; ossil uel and electricity consumption o the vegetableoil production plant;
• Leakageemissionsrelatedtotheupstreamemissionsofexcessnaturalgasandpositive leakage associated ith the avoided production o petrodiesel;
• Destinationofexportedpetro/renewabledieselproducedbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIODiesel is produced rom gasoil.
PROJECT SCENARIODiesel is produced rom mixtureo gasoil and vegetable oil.
Hdroen
HDS unitGsoil Petrodiesel Consumer
Nturl s
CO
Hdroen
HDS unit
Gsoil
COBlended fuel Consumer
Veetble oil
Nturl s
AM0089 Production o diesel using a mixed eedstocko gasoil and vegetable oil
AM0089
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Typical project(s) Transportation o cargo using barges, ships or trains.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o a more-carbon-intensive transportation mode.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theownerofthecargoisoneoftheprojectparticipants.Iftheentityinvestingin the project is not the oner o the cargo, it should also be a project participant;
• Theprojectshouldhavemadeatleastoneofthefollowingnewinvestments:directinvestment in ne inrastructure or ater transportation or or rail transportation, orreurbishment/replacement o existing ater and rail transportation inrastructure orequipments, ith transport capacity expansion;
• Thecargotype,transportationmode,andtransportationroutesoftheprojectaredened at the validation o the project and no change is alloed thereafer;
• Bothinthebaselineandproject,onlyonetypeofcargoistransportedandnomix o cargo is permitted.
Important parameters At validation:
• Distanceofthebaselinetriproute(bothforwardandreturntrips).
Monitored:
• Fueland/orelectricityconsumptionbytheprojecttransportationmode;• Amountofcargotransportedbytheprojecttransportationmode(bothforward
and return trips).
BASELINE SCENARIOThe cargo is transported
using trucks.
PROJECT SCENARIO
The cargo is transported usingbarges, ships or trains.
COTruck
CO
Trin
Truck
Ship
AM0090 Modal shif in transportation o cargo rom roadtransportation to ater or rail transportation
AM0090
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Typical project(s) Project activities implementing energy eciency measures and/or uel sitching in nebuilding units (residential, commercial, and/or institutional building units). Examples o the measures include ecient appliances, ecient thermal envelope, ecient lightingsystems, ecient heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, passive solardesign, optimal shading, building energy management systems (BEMS), and intelligentenergy metering.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Electricity and/or uel savings through energy eciency improvement. Use o less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Buildingunitsshouldbelongtoresidential,commercialandinstitutionalcategories as dened in methodology;
• Eligiblesourcesofemissionsincludeconsumptionofelectricity,fossilfuel,andchilled ater as ell as leakage o rerigerant used in the building units;
• Biogas,biomassorcogenerationsystemsshouldnotbethesourceofthermalorelectrical energy or project building units and chilled/hot ater systems used orproject building units;
• Alltheprojectbuildingunitsmustcomplywithallapplicablenationalenergystandards (e.g. building codes) i they exist and are enorced.
Important parameters At validation:• Theinformationonbaselinebuildingsinthecontrolgroup;• Emissionfactorsoffuelusedinbaselinebuildings;• Defaultshareofenergyusecategoryofecientappliancesfromthetotalbuilding
energy consumption (e.g. X% lighting, Y% air conditioning, Z% ater heating, etc.);
• Historicalaverageretailpriceofthefuelmostcommonlyusedinthebaselinebuilding units.
Monitored:
• TotalnumberofecientappliancesoftypenthatareusedinregisteredCDMproject(s) in the host country;
• Grossoorareaofprojectandbaselinebuildings;• Fuelconsumption,quantityandenergycontentofhot/chilledwaterconsumed
and electricity consumption in project and baseline buildings;
• Emissionfactorsandcaloricvaluesoffuels.
BASELINE SCENARIOResidential, commercial and
institutional building units (similarto those constructed and thenoccupied in the last ve years)ill result in higher emissions dueto uel, electricity and chilled/hotater consumption.
PROJECT SCENARIOEnergy ecient residential,commercial and institutionalbuilding units ill result intoloer emissions due to less
consumption o uel, electricityand chilled/hot ater.
COBuildinsFossil fuel Electricit Chilled/hot
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit Chilled/hot
B ui ld in s E ffici en c
COBuildins
AM0091 Energy eciency technologies anduel sitching in ne buildings
AM0091
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Typical project(s) Projects activities that reduce PFC emissions through replacement o C 2F6 ith c-CF (octa-uoro-cyclo-butane) as a gas or in-situ cleaning o CVD reactors in thesemiconductor industry.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelorfeedstockswitch.Displacement o C2F6 ith c-CF.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Productionlinesincludedintheprojectboundarystartedcommercialoperationbefore January 00 and have an operational history o at least three years prior to theimplementation o the project activity, during hich the original PFC gas as C2F6;
• ThesubstitutePFCgasisnottemporarilystoredforsubsequentdestruction.
Important parameters At validation:
• ConsumptionofC2F6 in the baseline;• Productionofsubstrateinthebaseline.
Monitored:
• Consumptionofc-CF;
• Productionofsubstrate.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe baseline scenario is thecontinuation o the currentsituation, i.e. the continuationo the same baselineeedstock (i.e. CVD reactors
cleaned ith C2F6)
PROJECT SCENARIO
The project scenario is CVDreactors cleaned ith c-CF.
SFCF Semiconductors Relese
c-CF
Semiconductors
CF
SF
SF
Relese
Relese
AM0092 Substitution o PFC gases or cleaning Chemical VapourDeposition (CVD) reactors in the semiconductor industry
AM0092
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Typical project(s) Landlled aste is treated aerobically on-site by means o passive aeration ith theobjective o avoiding anaerobic degradation processes.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.The project avoids CH emissions rom landlls.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Treatmentoflandlledwasteisinclosedlandllsorclosedlandllcells;• Ifmandatoryenvironmentalregulationsrequirethecollectionandaringoflandll
gas, the corresponding compliance rate is belo 50 % in the host country;• Closedcellsofoperatinglandllsmightbeeligibleaslongastheyarephysically
distinct rom the remaining parts o the landll;• Distancebetweenverticalventingwellsshouldnotbemorethan40m.
Important parameters At validation:• Amountofbiodegradablewastedisposedinthelandll.
Monitored:
• Potentialmethanegenerationcapacity;• Ventedandsurfaceemissions:volumeandmethaneandnitrousoxidecontent.
BASELINE SCENARIOPartial or total release o landllgas rom the closed landll or theclosed landll cell.
PROJECT SCENARIO
In-situ passive aeration o theclosed landll or the closed landllcell reduces H emissions.
Lndll CHLndll s Relese
CHLndll s ReleseLndllAir
AM0093 Avoidance o landll gas emissions by passive aerationo landlls
AM0093
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Typical project(s) Distribution o biomass based stoves and/or heaters and the supply o biomassbriquettes or household or institutional use.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy production by introducingreneable energy technologies.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thetotalprojectarea(TPA)isdenedpriortothestartoftheprojectactivityand ill not be changed later;
• BiomasspenetrationrateintheTPAis≤10%;• Thebiomassbasedstoveorheatershallhavearatedcapacityofnotmorethan
5 kw thermal;
• Acontractualagreementbetweentheprojectconsumersandtheprojectparticipants
shall ensure that the project consumers do not claim any CERs rom the use o stoveand/or heater and biomass briquettes.
Important parameters At validation:• Percentageofbiomassusedasafuelforcookingpurposesorheatingpurposes,on
energy basis, in project area(s);• Proportionoffuel(s)usedinthestovesorheatersinprojectarea(s)inthebaseline;• Proportionofstoveorheatertype(s)usedinprojectarea(s)inthebaseline.
Monitored:
• Dryweightofbiomassbriquettesconsumedbyprojectconsumer(s)inprojectarea(s);• NCVofbiomassbriquettes;• Proportionofprojectstoveorheatertype(s)inuseinprojectarea(s).
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the use o existingstove or heater technologies andossil uels or thermal application
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass based stovesand/or heaters and the supply o biomass briquettes or thermalapplication
CO
Fossil fuel Het
Het Consumer
Het
Het Consumer
Fossil fuel
Biomss
CO
AM0094 Distribution o biomass based stove and/orheater or household or institutional use
AM0094
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Project activities that construct and operate a captive or grid-connected combined cycleelectricity generation poer plant in a greeneld iron and steel plant, using aste gassuch as blast urnace gas, coke oven gas, and converter gas sourced rom the same acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.waste energy recovery in order to displace more-carbon-intensive source o energy.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Specicationsofcokeovenandironandsteelplanthasbeendeterminedbefore the project activity is considered;
• Theprojectparticipantshavetodemonstratethatthelevelofuseofwastegasforpoer production in the iron and steel plant is the same in absence o and afer theimplementation o the CDM project activity.
Important parameters At validation:• Dataonwastegasbasedelectricitygenerationintop20%Rankinecyclebasedpower
plant in other iron and steel plants;• EnergyEciencyofwastegasbasedRankinecyclebasedpowerplantsiniron&steel
plant using manuacturer’s data.
Monitored:
• Datarequiredtocalculategridemissionfactor;• NetCaloricValueofwastegas,andsupplementaryandauxiliaryfuels;• Quantityofsupplementaryandauxiliaryfuelredandquantityofwastegas
consumed by project poer plant;
• Netelectricitygeneratedbyprojectpowerplant.
BASELINE SCENARIOConstruction o Rankine cyclebased poer plant using thesame aste gas type andquantity as used in the projectpoer plant.
PROJECT SCENARIOEnergy ecient combined cyclebased poer plant recoveringenergy rom aste gas in agreeneld iron and steel plant.
CO
Electricit
ElectricitGridFossil fuel
Iron/Steel
RnkineWste ener
CO
Electricit
ElectricitGridFossil fuel
Iron/Steel
Wste ener
Combined ccle
Rnkine
AM0095 waste gas based combined cycle poer plant in areeneld iron and steel plant
AM0095
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o an abatement system in an existing semiconductor manuacturing acilityor the abatement o CF rom the semiconductor etching process.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o CF emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ApplicabletoexistingproductionlineswithoutCF abatement device installed andhere CF as being vented in the last three years;
• CF is not temporarily stored or consumed or subsequent abatement;
• CF abatement at the same industrial site here the CF is used; and CF to beabated is not imported rom other acilities;
• NotapplicabletoprojectactivitieswhichreduceemissionsofPFCsfromChemicalVapour Deposition (CVD) processes.
Important parameters At validation:• AmountofCF consumed in years prior to the implementation o the project activity;• Amountofsemiconductorsubstrateproducedinyearspriortotheimplementationof
the project activity.
Monitored:
• AmountofCF consumed;
• Amountofsemiconductorsubstrateproduced;• CalibratedowrateofHelium(He)gasaddedtoductbeforeenteringtothe
abatement system during a monitoring interval;
• Heconcentrationenteringtheabatementsystemandoutoftheabatementsystem;• ConcentrationofCF in the gas entering the abatement system and in the gas
leaving the abatement system;• Temperatureatmassowcontroller.
BASELINE SCENARIOCF is vented to the atmosphereafer being used in thesemiconductor etching process
PROJECT SCENARIOCF is recovered and destroyedin a catalytic oxidation unit(abatement system) located aferthe etching unit.
CFSemiconductorCF CF Relese
CO2
Semiconductor
Fossil fuel
CF4
Electricit
CF4
CF4Relese
Oxidtion
AM0096 CF4 emission reduction rom installation o an abatementsystem in a semiconductor manuacturing acility
AM0096
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) • InstallationofGreeneldHighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)powertransmissionline/s or transmission o poer rom point o origin/supply to the point o receipt; or
• ReplacementofexistingalternatingcurrentpowertransmissionlinebyanewHVDCpoer transmission line.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Energy ecient electricity transmission line instead o inecient electricity transmission line.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ProjectparticipantsshallinvestinsettingupaHVDCpowertransmissionline and utilize it;
• Projectparticipantshalldemonstratethroughveriabledatathattheright-of-wayrequirement or the project activity is less than or the baseline scenario;
• Thismethodologyisnotapplicabletoprojectactivitiesthatseektoexpandorretrot
existing grids by the construction o a ne piece o HVDC transmission line.
Important parameters At validation:
• Datarequiredforsimulationsowaretocalculatetechnicallossesofbaselinetransmission line. This includes voltage, length, inductance, capacitance, andsub-station spacing o baseline transmission line.
Monitored:
• Grosselectricityevacuatedfromthepointofsupplyinprojectyearusingprojecttransmission line;
• Netelectricityreceivedatthepointofreceipt;• Right-of-wayrequirementforthetransmissionlineundertheprojectaswellas
under baseline.
BASELINE SCENARIOImplementation or continuationo inecient poer transmissionline.
PROJECT SCENARIOEnergy ecient HVDCtransmission line.
CO
Electricit
Electricit El ectrici t
Point of Receipt
Foss il fuel Power pl nt
CO
Electricit
Electricit El ectrici t
Point of Receipt
Uprde
Foss il fuel Power pl nt
AM0097 Installation o high voltage direct current poertransmission line
AM0097
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Utilization o ammonia-plant o gas (AO), hich as being vented, or heat generationat an existing ammonia production plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• AOGisonlyusedtogeneratesteamtomeetheatdemandsintheexistingammoniaproduction plant and/or in nearby acilities in the same project site;
• Amount o AO vented rom the start o operations at the existing ammonia productionplant until the implementation o the project activity shall be demonstrated;
• Regulationsofthehostcountrydonotprohibittheventingofgaseswiththephysical and chemical characteristics o the AO.
Important parameters At validation:• Volume o AO vented by the existing ammonia production acility in historical years;• Totalproductionofammoniainhistoricalyears;• AveragevolumefractionofmethaneintheAOGinhistoricalyears.
Monitored:
• VolumeofAOGrecoveredandusedforsteamgenerationbytheprojectactivity;• Totalproductionofammonia;• AveragevolumefractionofmethaneintheAOGrecoveredintheprojectactivity;• CarbondensityofAOG;• NetquantityofheatgeneratedfromAOGcombustion;• Volumefractionofmethaneintheexhaustoutofammoniarecoverysection;• Volumeofgaseousstreamventedtotheatmosphereoutoftheammoniarecovery
section o AO.
BASELINE SCENARIOAO is vented to the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOAO is collected and utilized togenerate heat.
CH
CO
Fossil fuel
Ammoni
Het
Het
AOG Relese
CHAmmoni
Het
Het
AOG Relese
Fossil fuel
CO
AM0098 Utilization o ammonia-plant o gas or steam generation
AM0098
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture o landll gas (LF) and its aring and/or use to produce energy and/or use tosupply consumers through natural gas distribution netork.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Capturedlandllgasisared,and/or;• Capturedlandllgasisusedtoproduceenergy,andor;• Capturedgasisusedtosupplyconsumersthroughnaturalgasdistributionnetwork.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Amountoflandllgascaptured;• Methanefractioninthelandllgas;
• Ifapplicable:electricitygenerationusinglandllgas.
BASELINE SCENARIOLF rom the landll site isreleased to the atmosphere
PROJECT SCENARIOLF rom the landll site iscaptured and ared; and/or usedto produce energy (e.g. electricity/thermal energy); and/or used to
supply consumers through natural
gas distribution netork.
Wste Lndll sDisposl CHRelese
Ener
Wste Lndll s
Flrin
CH
Disposl
Relese
ACM0001
ACM0001 Consolidated baseline and monitoringmethodology or landll gas project activities
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that uses reneable energy sources andsupplies electricity to the grid (greeneld poer plant). Retrot, replacement or capacityaddition o an existing poer plant is also applicable.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the grid by more-H-intensivemeans.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• The project poer plant is using one o the olloing sources: hydro, ind,geothermal, solar, ave or tidal poer. Biomass-red poer plants are not applicable;
• Inthecaseofcapacityadditions,retrotsorreplacements,theexistingpowerplantstarted commercial operation prior to the start o a minimum historical reerenceperiod o ve years, and no capacity expansion or retrot o the plant has been
undertaken beteen the start o this minimum historical reerence period and theimplementation o the project;
• Incaseofhydropower,theprojecthastobeimplementedinanexistingreservoir,ith no change in the volume o reservoir, or the project has to be implementedin an existing reservoir, here the volume o reservoir is increased and the poerdensity is greater than 4 w/m, or the project results in ne reservoirs and the poerdensity is greater than 4 w/m.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Electricitysuppliedtothegridbytheproject;
• Ifapplicable:methaneemissionsoftheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity provided to the gridby more-H-intensive means.
PROJECT SCENARIODisplacement o electricityprovided to the grid by more-H-intensive means byinstallation o a ne reneablepoer plant or the retrot,replacement or capacityaddition o an existingreneable poer plant.
ACM0002 Consolidated baseline methodology orgrid-connected electricity generation rom reneable sources
ACM0002
CO
Electricit
GridFossil fuel
Electricit
CO
GridFossil fuel
Electricit
Renewble
Electricit
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Partial replacement o ossil uels in an existing clinker or quicklime production acility byless-carbon-intensive ossil uel or alternative uel (e.g. astes or biomass residues).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch;• Renewableenergy.Reduction o H emissions by sitching rom carbon-intensive uel to less-carbon-intensive or alternative uel; H emission avoidance by preventing disposal oruncontrolled burning o biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Noalternativefuelshavebeenusedintheprojectfacilityduringthelastthreeyearsprior to the start o the project;
• Thebiomasstobecombustedshouldnothavebeenprocessedchemically;• Forbiomassfromdedicatedplantations,specicconditionsapply.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandnetcaloricvalueofalternativefueland/orless-carbon-intensive ossil uel used in the project plant;
• Quantityofclinkerorquicklimeproduced.
BASELINE SCENARIOClinker or quicklime is producedusing more-carbon-intensiveuel and/or decay or uncontrolledburning o biomass leads to CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOClinker or quicklime is produced
using less-carbon-intensive ueland/or alternative uel and/orbiomass is combusted.
Cement/Quicklime
Biomss
Burnin
Disposl
CO
CH
Fossil fuel
Cement/Quicklime
Biomss
Alterntive
COFossil fuel
Fossil fuel
H
Disposl
Burnin
CH
ACM0003
ACM0003 Emissions reduction through partial substitution o ossil uels ith alternative uels or less carbon intensive uelsin cement or quicklime manuacture
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Use o blending material (e.g. y ash, gypsum, slag) to decrease the share o clinkerin cement.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.CO emissions rom clinker production are avoided due to less use o clinker.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Noshortageorcurrentusefortheblendingmaterialreplacingclinker;• Incaseofexistingfacilities,threeyearsofhistoricaldataisrequiredforthe
calculation o emissions reductions.
Important parameters At validation:
• Clinkerratioattheprojectplant,clinkerratioatallotherplantsintheregion and in the ve highest blended cement brands in the region;
• Electricityemissionfactor.
Monitored:
• Cementandclinkerproduction;• Rawmaterials,electricitydemandandfueluseintheproductionofclinker;• Clinkerandadditivesuseintheproductionofcement.
BASELINE SCENARIOAvailable blending material is notused. Cement is produced ithhigh clinker content, leading tohigh CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Available blending material isused in cement to partially replaceclinker. Thereby CO emissionsrom clinker production areavoided.
Clinker
Fossil fuel Cement
Electricit
Clinker
CO
Clinker
CO
Fossil fuel
Cement
Blendin
Electricit
Clinker
ACM0005
ACM0005 Consolidated Baseline Methodology or Increasingthe Blend in Cement Production
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Typical project(s) eneration o poer and heat in thermal poer plants, including cogeneration plantsusing biomass residues. Typical activities are ne plant, capacity expansion, energyeciency improvements or uel sitch projects.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive electricity generation in grid or heat andelectricity generation on-site. Avoidance o methane emissions rom anaerobic decayo biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifbiomassfromaproductionprocessisused,theimplementationofthe project shall not result in an increase o the processing capacity o ra input;
• Onlypowerandheatorcogenerationplantsareapplicable;• Onlybiomassresidues,notbiomassingeneral,areeligible;
• Fossilfuelsmaybeco-redintheprojectplant.Theamountoffossilfuelsco-redshall not exceed 8% o the total uel red on an energy basis;
• Incaseofexistingfacilities,threeyearsofhistoricaldataisrequiredforthecalculation o emissions reductions.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantityandmoisturecontentofthebiomassresiduesusedintheproject;• Electricityandheatgeneratedintheprojectactivity;• Electricityand,ifapplicable,fossilfuelconsumptionoftheprojectactivity.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity and heat ould beproduced by more-carbon-intensive technologies based onossil uel or less-ecient biomasspoer and heat plants. Biomassresidues could partly decay underanaerobic conditions, bringingabout methane emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues or poerand heat generation instead o ossil uel or increaseo the eciency o biomass-uelled poer and heat plants.Biomass residues are used asuel and decay o biomassresidues is avoided.
ACM0006 Consolidated methodology or electricityand heat generation rom biomass residues
ACM0006
Biomss
CO
Het
Electricit
CHBurninDisposl
Fossil fuel
Grid
Het
Biomss
Electricit
Het
CO
CHBurninDisposl
Fossil fuel
Renewble
Grid
Het
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Conversion rom an open-cycle gas poer plant to a combined-cycle gas poer plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Fuel savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectdoesnotincreasethelifetimeoftheexistinggasturbine or engine during the crediting period;
• Wasteheatgeneratedontheprojectsiteisnotutilizableforany other purpose.
Important parameters At validation:
• Electricitygenerationoftheexistingopen-cyclegaspowerplant(canalsobemonitored ex post);
• Fuelconsumptionoftheexistingopen-cyclegaspowerplant.
Monitored:
• Electricitygenerationofthecombined-cyclegaspowerplant;• Fuelconsumptionofthecombined-cyclegaspowerplant;• Emissionfactorofthepowergrid.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity is generated by anopen-cycle gas poer plant.
PROJECT SCENARIO
The open-cycle gas poer plantis converted to a combined-cycle one or more-ecient poergeneration.
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel Power plnt
Electricit
Grid
CO
CO
Fossil fuel
Uprde
Electricit
Power plnt
CO
Fossil fuel Grid
CO
ACM0007
ACM0007 Consolidated methodology or conversionrom single cycle to combined cycle poer generation
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture and destruction o coal bed methane, coal mine methane or ventilation airmethane through oxidation or energy generation, rom ne or existing coal mines.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectparticipantsmustbeabletosupplythenecessarydataforex ante projectionso methane demand;
• Allmethanecapturedbytheprojectshouldeitherbeusedordestroyed;• Notapplicableforabandoned/decommissionedcoalmines.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Methanedestroyedorused;
• Concentrationofmethaneinextractedgas;• Ifapplicable:electricitygeneratedbyproject;
BASELINE SCENARIOMethane rom coal miningactivities is vented into theatmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane rom coal miningactivities is captured anddestroyed using oxidation orused or poer or heat generation.
CHCol CH Relese
Ener
CO
Col CH
Flrin
Relese CH
ACM0008
ACM0008 Consolidated methodology or coal bed methane, coal minemethane and ventilation air methane capture and use or poer (electrical or motive) and heat and/or destruction through aring or ameless oxidation
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Sitching rom coal or petroleum uel to natural gas in the generation o heat orindustrial processes.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Reduction o H emissions by sitching rom carbon-intensive to a less-carbon-intensive uel in the generation o heat.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Nonaturalgashaspreviouslybeenused;• Thefuelisneitherusedforcogenerationofelectricitynorasanoxidantbut
generates heat or district heating or an industrial output other than heat;
• Theprojectdoesnotincreasethecapacityofthermaloutputorlifetimeoftheelement processes or does not result in integrated process change.
Important parameters At validation:• Quantity,netcaloricvalueandCO emission actor o baseline uels;
• Energyeciencyoftheelementprocess(es)redwithcoalorpetroleumfuel.
Monitored:
• Quantity,netcaloricvalueandCO emission actor o natural gas combustedin the element process(es) in the project;
• Energyeciencyoftheelementprocess(es)ifredwithnaturalgas.
BASELINE SCENARIOCoal or petroleum uel is usedto generate heat.
PROJECT SCENARIONatural gas replaces coal orpetroleum uel
Het
CO
Fossil fuel
C
Het
Production
CO
Het
Nturl s
H
Fossil fuel
Het
Production
ACM0009
ACM0009 Consolidated baseline and monitoring methodologyor uel sitching rom coal or petroleum uel to natural gas
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Manure management on livestock arms (cattle, bualo, sine, sheep, goats, and/orpoultry) here the existing anaerobic manure treatment system is replaced by oneor a combination o more than one animal aste management systems that result inless H emissions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Farmswherelivestockpopulationsaremanagedunderconnedconditions;• Farmswheremanureisnotdischargedintonaturalwaterresources(e.g.riversor
estuaries);
• Incaseofanaerobiclagoontreatmentsystems,thedepthofthelagoonsusedformanure management under the baseline scenario should be at least m;
• Theannualaveragetemperatureatthetreatmentsiteishigherthan5°C;• Inthebaselinecase,theminimumretentiontimeofmanurewasteintheanaerobic
treatment system is greater than one month;
Important parameters Monitored:
• Numberofheadsofeachpopulationandtheaverageanimalweightineachpopulation;
• Ifdietaryintakemethodisused,feedintakeofanimalsanditsenergyhastobemonitored;
• Electricityandfossilfuelconsumption.
BASELINE SCENARIOExisting manure management
system results in release o methane into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOCapture o methane in the animalaste management systemsresults in less H emissions.
In case o energetic use o methane, displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
ACM0010 Consolidated baseline methodology or H emissionreductions rom manure management systems
ACM0010
CHBiosMnureLivestock Tretment Relese
Bios
CH
MnureLivestock
Flrin
Ener
Tretment
Relese
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Sitch rom coal or petroleum derived uel to natural gas at an existing poer plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch rom coal or petroleum uel to natural gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Atleastthreeyearsofoperationhistoryareavailable;• Thefuelswitchisfromonlycoaland/orpetroleumfuelstoonlynaturalgas;• Onlypowerisgenerated,foreitheronlythegridoronlyacaptiveconsumer;• Theprojectdoesnotinvolvemajorretrots/modicationsofthepowerplant.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalfuelconsumptionandpowergeneration;• Electricityemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantity,caloricvalueandemissionfactoroffuelsconsumedintheproject;• Electricitysuppliedtotheelectricpowergridorconsumingfacility.
BASELINE SCENARIOCoal and/or petroleum uel is usedto generate electricity.
PROJECT SCENARIONatural gas is used to generateelectricity.
Electricit
Power plntFossil fuel
C
CO
Consumer
Electricit
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Consumer
Electricit
Nturl s
H
Fossil fuel
ACM0011
ACM0011 Consolidated baseline methodology or uel sitchingrom coal and/or petroleum uels to natural gas in existing poer plantsor electricity generation
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Energy rom aste heat, aste gas or aste pressure in an existing or ne industrialacility is recovered and used or in-house consumption or or export, by installationo a ne poer and/or heat and/or mechanical energy generation equipment , or byinstallation o a more-ecient electricity generation equipment than already existing.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.waste energy recovery in order to displace more-carbon-intensive energy/technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Intheabsenceoftheproject,allwasteenergywouldbearedorreleasedintotheatmosphere. In case o partial use o the aste energy in the baseline situation, theproject increases the share o used aste energy;
• Forcapacityexpansionprojects,thenewcapacityshouldbetreatedasnewfacilityand thereore the applicable guidance or baseline scenario determination, capping
o baseline emissions and demonstration o use o aste energy in absence o theCDM project, should be olloed;
• Anocialagreementisrequiredbetweenthegeneratingfacilityandtherecipientacility o energy generated by project, in case they are dierent entities.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofelectricity/heatsuppliedtotherecipientplant(s);• Quantityandparametersofwasteenergystreamsduringproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOCarbon-intensive sources ill
continue to supply heat/electricity/mechanical energy to the
applications o the recipient acilityand unrecovered energy rom
aste energy source ill continueto be asted.
PROJECT SCENARIOHeat/electricity/mechanicalenergy are generated byrecovery o energy rom a asteenergy source and are suppliedto the grid an/or applications inthe recipient acility.
Production
Electricit
Het
Wste ener
Mechnicl
Relese
CO
Production
Relese
Ener
Electricit
Het
CO
Wste ener
Ener
Mechnicl
ACM0012
ACM0012 Consolidated baseline methodology or H emissionreductions rom aste energy recovery projects
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a ne ossil uel red poer plant that supplies electricityto the grid using more-ecient poer generation technology than ould otherise beused ith the given ossil uel (e.g. construction o a supercritical coal red poer plant).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Construction o a highly ecient ne grid-connected ossil-uel-red poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Onlysupplyofpowertothegridisapplicable(nocogeneration);• Thebaselinefuelisusedisusedformorethan50%ofthepowergenerationin
the geographical area.
Important parameters At validation:
• Energyeciencyofthepowergenerationtechnologythathasbeenidentiedas
the most likely baseline scenario.
Monitored:
• Quantity,caloricvalueandemissionfactoroffuelsconsumedintheproject;• Electricitysuppliedtotheelectricpowergrid.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity is generated by aless-ecient ne grid-connectedpoer plant using ossil uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOElectricity is generated by
a more-ecient ne grid-connected poer plant using lessossil uel.
CO
Power plnt
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Power plnt
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Uprde
Power plnt
CO
CO
ACM0013
ACM0013 Consolidated baseline and monitoring methodologyor ne grid connected ossil uel red poer plants using a less Hintensive technology
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
ACM0014
Typical project(s) Treatment o industrial asteater in a ne anaerobic digester, capture and aringor utilizing o the generated biogas or electricity or heat generation; or deatering o industrial asteater and application to land; or treatment o industrial asteater inthe same treatment plant as in the baseline situation but treatment o the sludge romprimary and/or secondary settler either in a ne anaerobic digester or treatment o sludge under clearly aerobic conditions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theaveragedepthoftheopenlagoonsorsludgepitsinthebaselinescenariois at least one metre;
• Theresidencetimeoftheorganicmatterintheopenlagoonsystemshouldbeat
least days;• Localregulationsdonotpreventdischargeofwastewaterinopenlagoons;• Thesludgeproducedduringtheimplementationoftheprojectisnotstoredonsite
beore land application to avoid any possible methane emissions rom anaerobicdegradation.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandchemicaloxygendemand(COD)ofwastewaterorsludgethatistreated in the project;
• Quantityofbiogascollectedandconcentrationofmethaneinthebiogas;• Netquantityofelectricityorheatgeneratedintheproject;• Quantityofdewateredwastewaterappliedtoland.
BASELINE SCENARIOExisting asteater treatmentsystem results in release o methane into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Capture o methane in theasteater treatment systemresults in less H emissions.
In case o energetic use o methane, displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.In case that asteater isdeatered (Dww), then output isused or land application resultingin release o methane into theatmosphere.
ACM0014 Mitigation o greenhouse gas emissionsrom treatment o industrial asteater
BiosWste wter CHReleseLoon
Ener
Bios
Flrin
CH
Wste wter
Relese
Loon
Dewterin DWW CHReleseAppliction
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Typical project(s) Partial or ull sitch to alternative ra materials that do not contain carbonates (AMC)in the production o clinker in cement kilns.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o process CO emissions by sitching to carbonate ree eedstock in theproduction o clinker.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Qualityandtypesofclinker,energyeciencyandfuelusedarenotchanged;• NoAMChavepreviouslybeenusedintheclinkerproductionattheplant;• Atleast1.5timesthequantityofAMCrequiredformeetingthedemandofall
existing users in the project area is available
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalrawmaterialuseandclinkerproduction.
Monitored:
• Quantityofalternativematerialsconsumedintheproject;• Quantityofclinkerproducedintheproject;• SpecicKilnCaloricConsumption;• Electricityconsumption.
BASELINE SCENARIORa materials that containcalcium and/or magnesiumcarbonates (e.g. limestone)are used to produce clinker.
PROJECT SCENARIOAlternative ra materials thatdo not contain carbonates (AMC)are used to produce clinker.
COClinker
Fossil fuel
Crbontes
Electricit
Clinker CO
Fossil fuel
Crbontes
AMC
Electricit
ACM0015
ACM0015 Consolidated baseline and monitoring methodology or project activities using alternative ra materials that do not containcarbonates or clinker production in cement kilns
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Establishment and operation o rail-based or bus-based mass rapid transit systemsin urban or suburban regions or passenger transport by replacing a traditional urbanbus-driven public transport system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H and, i gaseous uels are used, CH4-intensive transport modes(existing eet o buses operating under mixed trac conditions) by less-H-intensive ones (nely developed rail-based systems or segregated bus lanes).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojecteitherinstallsnewrailwaysorsegregatedbuslanesinordertoreplaceexisting bus routes (e.g. by scrapping buses, closing or rescheduling bus routes).For bus rapid transit systems ith eeder plus trunk routes, methodology AMis recommended;
• Themethodologyisapplicableforurbanorsuburbantrips.Itisnotapplicableor inter-urban transport and it cannot be used in areas here currently no publictransport is available;
• Themethodologyisnotapplicableforoperationalimprovements(e.g.newor larger buses) o an already existing and operating bus lane or rail-based system.
Important parameters At validation:
• Anextensivesurveywiththepassengersusingtheprojectisrequiredin order to determine the baseline scenario (i.e. the distance and mode o transportthat the passengers using the project ould have used in the baseline).
Monitored:
• Thenumberofpassengerstransportedintheproject;
• Specicfuelconsumption,occupancyratesandtravelleddistancesofdierenttransport modes as ell as the speed o vehicles on aected roads.
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing a diverse transport systeminvolving buses, trains, cars,non-motorized transport modes,etc. operating under mixed tracconditions.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers are transported
using nely developed rail-basedsystems or segregated buslanes that partially displace theexisting bus-driven transportsystem operated under mixedtrac conditions.
CO
Trin Bus
Cr Motorccle
Trin Bus
Bus
Cr Motorccle
COTrin
ACM0016
ACM0016 Baseline methodology or mass rapid transit projects
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
ACM0017
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a biodiesel production plant or production o blendedbiodiesel that is used as uel in existing stationary installations (e.g. diesel generators)and/or in vehicles. Biodiesel is produced rom aste oil/at and/or vegetable oilthat is produced rom oilseeds rom plants that are cultivated on dedicated plantationsestablished on lands that are degraded or degrading at the start o the project.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in vehicles and/orstationary installations.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thealcoholusedforesterication(productionofbiodiesel)ismethanolfromfossiluel origin;
• Nomodicationsintheconsumerstationaryinstallationsorinthevehiclesengines
are necessary to consume/combust the (blended) biodiesel;• Ifapplicable,theplantationsareestablishedonlandclassiedasdegradedor
degrading or on a land area that is included in the project boundary o one orseveral registered A/R CDM project activities;
• Consumerandproducerofthe(blended)biodieselareboundbyacontractthatallos the producer to monitor consumption o (blended) biodiesel and thatstates that the consumer shall not claim CERs resulting rom its consumption.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofbiodieselfromwasteoil/fatorfeedstockfromdedicatedplantationsconsumed by host country consumers to substitute petrodiesel;
• Projectemissionsfromtransportofoilseeds,biomassresidues,vegetableoil, aste oil/ats, biodiesel i distances o more than 5 km are covered; ossil uel
(including methanol) and electricity consumption;• Ifapplicable,parameterstomonitorprojectemissions(CO, CH4, NO) associated ith
the cultivation o oilseeds.
BASELINE SCENARIOConsumption o petrodiesel.
PROJECT SCENARIOProduction o blended biodieseland consumption in existing
stationary installations (e.g. dieselgenerators) and/or in vehicles .
ACM0017 Production o biodiesel or use as uel
Petroldiesel CO2Consumer
Waste oil
Vegetable oil
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Petrodiesel
CO2Blended fuel Consumer
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o poer using biomass residues as uel, in ne biomass based poerplants at sites here currently no poer generation occurs (greeneld), replacement orinstallation o operation units next to existing poer plants (capacity expansion projects),energy eciency improvement projects or replacement o ossil uel by biomass residuesin existing poer plants (uel sitch projects).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy;Displacement o more H-intensive electricity generation in the grid or on-site.Avoidance o methane emissions rom anaerobic decay o biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifbiomassfromaproductionprocessisused,theimplementationoftheproject shall not result in an increase o the processing capacity o ra input;
• Themethodologyisapplicabletopower-onlyplants;
• Onlybiomassresidues,notbiomassingeneral,areeligible;• Fossilfuelsmaybeco-redintheprojectplant.However,theamountoffossil
uels co-red shall not exceed 8% o the total uel red on an energy basis;
• Incaseofexistingfacilities,threeyearsofhistoricaldataisrequiredforthecalculation o emissions reductions;
• Projectsthatchemicallyprocessthebiomassresiduespriortocombustion
(e.g. by means o esterication o aste oils, ermentation and gasication, etc.) arenot eligible under this methodology. The biomass residues can hoever be processedphysically such as by means o drying, pelletization, shredding and briquetting.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:• Electricitygeneratedintheproject;• Quantityandmoisturecontentofthebiomassresiduesusedintheprojectand
electricity and ossil uel consumption o the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity ould be producedby more-carbon-intensivetechnologies based on ossil uelor less ecient poer plants.Biomass residues could partiallydecay under anaerobic conditions,resulting in methane emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues replacesossil uel use. Decay o biomassresidues used as uel is avoided.
Electricit
Biomss
CO
CHBurninDisposl
Fossil fuel Grid
CH
Fossil fuel CO
Electricit
Biomss BurninDisposl
Grid
Renewble
ACM0018
ACM0018 Consolidated methodology or electricity generationrom biomass residues in poer-only plants
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Project activities that introduce NO abatement measures in nitric acid plants.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• DestructionofGHG.Destruction o NO emissions through abatement measures.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Continuousreal-timemeasurementsoftheNO concentration and the total gasvolume o can be carried out in the tail gas stream afer the abatement o NOemissions throughout the crediting period o the project activity;
• NolaworregulationisinplacemandatingthecompleteorpartialdestructionofNOrom nitric acid plant.
Important parameters At validation:
• Nitricacidproduced.
Monitored:
• MassowofNO in the gaseous stream o the tail gas;
• Nitricacidproduced;• Fractionoftimeduringwhichtheby-passvalveonthelinefeedingthetertiaryNO
abatement acility as open.
BASELINE SCENARIOVenting o NO generated duringthe production o nitric acid to theatmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOImplementation o dierentabatement measures to destroy
NO emissions (i.e. installationo secondary or tertiaryabatement systems).
Nitric cid Relese NONO
Nitric cid
NORelese
Abtement
NO
ACM0019
ACM0019 N2O abatement rom nitric acid production
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Operation o a single piece o biomass-residue co-red heat generation equipment. Theheat output o the heat generators may be used onsite to produce electric poer in poer-only plants, or cogenerate electric poer in cogeneration plants. Typical activities are partialreplacement o ossil uels by biomass residues in existing or ne heat generation equipment.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive electricity generation in grid or heat and electricitygeneration on-site.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifbiomassfromaproductionprocessisused,theimplementationoftheproject shall not result in an increase o the processing capacity o ra input;
• Onlybiomassresidues,notbiomassingeneral,areeligible;• Theamountofbiomassresiduesco-redshallnotexceed50%ofthetotalfuel
red on an energy basis;• Nobiomassisco-redintheidentiedbaselinescenarioandthesametypeof
ossil uel is red in the identied baseline scenario as in the project activity.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantityandmoisturecontentofthebiomassresiduesusedintheproject;• Electricityand/orheatgeneratedintheprojectactivity;• Electricityandfossilfuelconsumptionoftheprojectactivity.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Electricity or heat ould beproduced by more-carbon-intensive technologies basedon ossil uel
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues orpoer or heat generation insteado ossil uel.
CO
Het
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Grid
Het
Het
Biomss
Electricit
Het
COFossil fuel
Renewble
Grid
ACM0020 Co-ring o biomass residues or heat generationand/or electricity generation in grid connected poer plants
ACM0020
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CDM Methodology Booklet
.4. METHODOLOIES
FOR SMALL SCALE
CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Chapter II
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Reneable electricity generation such as solar, hydro, ind or biomass gasicationare implemented by the users as ne installations (greeneld) or replacement o existing onsite ossil-uel-red generation.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive service (e.g. rerigeration or lighting).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Usersareino-gridlocations,i.e.theydonothaveconnectiontoa national/regional grid;
• Usersareincludedintheprojectboundary;• Conditionsapplyforreservoir-basedhydroplants.
Important parameters At validation:
• Trend-adjustedprojectionofhistoricalfuelconsumptionifanexistingtechnology is replaced (or lighting, daily use duration can be applied).
Monitored:
• Anannualcheckofallsystemsorasamplethereoftoensurethattheyarestilloperating, or metering o generated electricity;
• Ifapplicable,consumptionofenergysources(e.g.biomass,fossilfuel).
BASELINE SCENARIOServices (e.g. lighting andrerigeration) are provided
using ossil-uel-basedtechnologies (e.g. kerosene
lamps and diesel generators).
PROJECT SCENARIOElectricity is produced byusers using reneable energytechnologies (e.g. solar homesystems or lighting, ind batterychargers or poering domesticappliances).
CO
Electricit
Fossil fuel Power plnt
Consumer
CO
Fossil fuel Power plnt
Electricit
Renewble
Consumer
AMS-I.A.
AMS-I.A. Electricity generation by the user
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o reneable energy technologies such as hydropoer, ind poer andother technologies that provide mechanical energy that otherise ould have beensupplied ith ossil-uel-based energy. Mechanical energy is used on-site by individualhousehold(s) or user(s). Typical applications are ind-poered pumps, ater mills andind mills. The project may also produce electricity in addition to mechanical energy.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil-uel-based generation o mechanical poer.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Operatingcharacteristicsoftheprojectsystem(e.g.headvs.dischargeandeciencyo irrigation pump) should be similar to or better than the system being replaced orthat ould have been replaced.
Important parameters Monitored:• Anannualcheckofallsystemsorasamplethereoftoensurethattheyare
still operating;
• Annualhoursofoperationcanbeestimatedfromtotaloutput(e.g.tonnesof grain milled);
• Ifapplicable:quantityofeachtypeofenergysourcesconsumed(e.g.biomass, ossil uel). Net caloric value and moisture content o biomass.
BASELINE SCENARIOMechanical energy ould beproduced using ossil-uel-basedtechnologies.
PROJECT SCENARIOMechanical energy is produced(ith or ithout electricity) usingreneable energy technologies.
CO
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Ener
Mechnicl
CO
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Renewble
Mechnicl
Ener
AMS-I.B.
AMS-I.B. Mechanical energy or the user ithor ithout electrical energy
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AMS-I.C.
Typical project(s) Thermal energy production using reneable energy sources including biomass-basedcogeneration (heat/poer). Projects that seek to retrot or modiy existing acilities orreneable energy generation are also applicable.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy production, displacement o more-H-intensive heat and poer generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Energyproductionusingbiomass-basedcogenerationsystemsiseligible. Electricity/heat is supplied to a captive use and/or to other acilities. Electricity canalso be supplied to the grid;
• Ifsolidbiomassisused,ithastobedemonstratedthatsolelyrenewablebiomass is used. I charcoal or biomass uel is used, all project or leakage emissions
(e.g. release o methane) rom the uel production have to be considered.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Themoisturecontentofbiomassofhomogeneousqualitymaybexedex-ante or monitored or each batch o biomass i the emission reductions are calculatedbased on energy input;
• Thermalenergy(massow,temperature,pressureforheat/cooling)delivered by the project and the amount o grid and/or captive electricity displaced;
• Quantityofbiomassandfossilfuelconsumed;• Netcaloricvalueofbiomassshallbedeterminedonceintherstyearof
the crediting period.
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy production (heat or heatand poer) by more-carbon-intensive technologies basedon ossil uel. In case o retrotsor capacity addition, operationo existing reneable poer
units ithout retrot and capacityaddition.
PROJECT SCENARIOEnergy generation by installationo ne reneable energygeneration units, by retrotting orreplacement o existing renewableenergy generation units as wellas by sitch rom ossil uel tobiomass in modied existingacilities.
AMS-I.C. Thermal energy production ith or ithout electricity
CO
Fossil fuel Het
Het Consumer
CO
Fossil fuel
Renewble
Het
Het Consumer
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that uses reneable energy sources andsupplies electricity to the grid (greeneld poer plant) or retrot, replacement or capacityaddition o an existing poer plant that uses reneable energy sources and supplieselectricity to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the grid by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Combinedheatandpowergenerationisnoteligible(AMS I.C can be used here);
• Specialconditionsapplyforreservoir-basedhydroplants.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• Moisturecontentofbiomassofhomogeneousqualityshallbedeterminedex-ante.
Monitored:
• Quantityofnetelectricitysuppliedtothegrid;• Quantityofbiomass/fossilfuelconsumed;• Netcaloricvalueofbiomassshallbedeterminedonceintherstyearofthe
crediting period.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity provided to the gridby more-H-intensive means.
PROJECT SCENARIOElectricity is generated andsupplied to the grid using
reneable energy technologies.
CO
Fossil Fuel
Electricit Grid
Grid
CO
Fossil fuel
Electricit
Renewble
Grid
Grid
AMS-I.D.
AMS-I.D. rid connected reneable electricity generation
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AMS-I.E.
Typical project(s) eneration o thermal energy by introducing reneable energy technologies or end-users that displace the use o non-reneable biomass. Examples o these technologiesinclude but are not limited to biogas stoves, solar cookers or passive solar homes and saedrinking ater applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive, non-reneable biomass-uelled applications byintroducing reneable energy technologies.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Itshallbedemonstratedthatnon-renewablebiomasshasbeenusedsinceDecember , 989;
• Projectappliancesarecontinuouslyoperatedorreplacedbyequivalentserviceappliances;
• Projectparticipantsshalldeterminetheshareofrenewableandnon-renewableoody biomass in the quantity o oody biomass used in the absence o theproject.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Biennialcheckofeciencyoftheprojectappliances(e.g.byrepresentativesample)and monitoring o the quantity o reneable biomass used by the project;
• Leakage:theamountofwoodybiomasssavedundertheprojectthatisusedbynon-project households/users (ho previously used reneable energy sources) shallbe assessed rom surveys;
• Ifapplicable:volumeofdrinkingwaterperpersonanddayusingsurveymethodsand compliance o the ater quality ith relevant national or international (wHO,US-EPA) microbiological ater quality guidelines/standards.
BASELINE SCENARIOThermal energy would beproduced by more-H-intensivemeans based on the use o non-reneable biomass.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o reneable energytechnologies or thermal energygeneration, displacing non-reneable biomass use.
AMS-I.E. Sitch rom non-reneable biomassor thermal applications by the user
CO
Het
Non-renewble
Consumer
Het
CO
Het
Renewble
Consumer
Non-renewble
Het
Renewble
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) Production o electricity using reneable energy technologies such as photovoltaic, hydro,tidal/ave, ind, geothermal and reneable biomass that supply electricity to user(s).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the user(s) by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectwilldisplaceelectricityfromanelectricitydistributionsystemthatisorould have been supplied by at least one ossil uel red generating unit;
• Electricityisproducedbyinstallinganewpowerplant(greeneld)orbycapacityaddition/retrot/replacement o (an) existing plant(s);
• Specialconditionsapplyforreservoir-basedhydroplants;• Cogenerationprojectsarenoteligible.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Netelectricitygeneration,quantityoffossilfuelandbiomassconsumption.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity ould have beensupplied by one or more energysources such as a national or aregional grid or a ossil-uel-redcaptive poer plant or a carbon-
intensive mini-grid.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Electricity is supplied usingreneable energy technologies.
CO
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Power plnt
Electricit
Grid
CO
Fossil fuel
ConsumerElectricitRenewble
Power plnt
Grid
AMS-I.F.
AMS-I.F. Reneable electricity generation or captive useand mini-grid
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AMS-I.G.
Typical project(s) Plant oil production that is used or generation o thermal, mechanical and electricalenergy in stationary equipment including cogeneration. The plant oil is produced rompressed and ltered oilseeds rom plants that are cultivated on dedicated plantations.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in stationary installations.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thepureplantoilanditsblendsabove10%isusedinspeciallybuiltormodiedequipment;
• Exportofproducedplantoilisnotallowed;• Oilcropsarecultivatedonareawhichisnotaforestandhasnotbeendeforested
during the last years prior to the implementation o the project. Plantationsestablished on peatlands are not eligible
Important parameters Monitored:
• Energyconsumptionofthecombustionprocesses(e.g.plantoil,fossilfuel);• Parameterstoestimateprojectemissionsfromthecultivationofoilcropsifthe
deault values or jatropha and palm oil are not applied;
• Ifapplicable:leakageemissionsduetoashiofpre-projectactivitiesandthecompeting uses o biomass;
• Quantityoftheelectricityproduced;ofthethermalenergy(massow,temperature,pressure or heat/cooling) generated by the project;
• Projectemissionsfromfossilfuelandelectricityconsumptionaswellasfromthetransport o oilseeds i distances o more than km are covered.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Services (e.g. electricity,thermal and mechanical energysupply) are provided usingossil-uel-based technologies
PROJECT SCENARIO
Oil crops are cultivated, plantoil is produced and used or thegeneration o electricity, thermalor mechanical energy displacingossil uel.
AMS-I.G. Plant oil production and use or energy generationin stationary applications
Fossil fuel
CO
Ener
Electricit Het Mechnicl
Plnt oilPlnttion
CO
Fossil fuel Ener
Electricit Het Mechnicl
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Typical project(s) Biodiesel is produced rom oilseeds cultivated on dedicated plantations and rom asteoil/at and used to generate thermal; mechanical or electrical energy in equipmentincluding cogeneration.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in stationary installations.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thepurebiodieselanditsblendsabove10%isusedinspeciallybuiltormodiedequipment;
• Thealcoholusedforestericationismethanolfromfossilfuelorigin;• Exportofproducedbiodieselisnotallowed;• Oilcropsarecultivatedonareawhichisclassiedasdegradedordegradingasper
the “Tool or the identication o degraded or degrading lands or consideration
in implementing CDM A/R project” or on area included in the project boundary o one or several registered A/R CDM project activities. Plantations established onpeatlands are not eligible.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Energyconsumptionofthecombustionprocesses(e.g.biodiesel,fossilfuel);• Parameterstoestimateprojectemissionsfromthecultivationofoilcropsifthe
deault values or jatropha and palm oil are not applied;
• Ifapplicable:leakageemissionsduetoashiofpre-projectactivitiesandthecompeting uses o biomass;
• Quantityoftheelectricityproduced;ofthethermalenergy(massow,temperature,pressure or heat/cooling) generated by the project;
• Projectemissionsfromfossilfuelandelectricityconsumptionaswellasfromthe
transport o oilseeds i distances o more than km are covered.
BASELINE SCENARIOServices (e.g. electricity, thermaland mechanical energy supply)are provided using ossil uelbased technologies.
PROJECT SCENARIOBiodiesel is produced romcultivated oil crops or romaste oil/at and used orthe generation o electricity,thermal or mechanical energydisplacing ossil uel.
Fossil fuel
CO
Ener
Electricit Het Mechnicl
Plnttion
CO
Electricit Het MechniclWste oil
Plnt oil
Fossil fuel Ener
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
AMS-I.H.
AMS-I.H. Biodiesel production and use or energy generationin stationary applications
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Typical project(s) Activities or generation o reneable thermal energy using reneable biomass or biogasor use in residential, commercial and institutional applications. Examples o thesetechnologies that displace or avoid ossil uel use include but are not limited to biogascook stoves, biomass briquette cook stoves, small scale baking and drying systems, aterheating, or space heating systems.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Eachunit(e.g.cookstove,heater)shallhavearatedcapacityequaltoorlessthan 5 kw thermal.
Important parameters Monitored:• Numberofthermalapplicationscommissioned;• Proportionofthermalapplicationsthatremainoperatingatyeary;• Annualconsumptionoffossilfuelinthebaselineandproject;• Thenetquantityofrenewablebiomassorbiogasconsumedbythethermal
application in year y;
• Ratioofecienciesofprojectequipmentandbaselineequipment;• Netcaloricvalueofbiomasstype.
BASELINE SCENARIOThermal energy productionbased on ossil uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOThermal energy generationby reneable biomass orbiogas. Fossil uel may continueto be used.
CO
Fossil fuel Het
Het Consumer
Renewble
Het Consumer
Fossil fuel Ener
CO
Biomss
Bios
AMS-I.I.
AMS-I.I. Biogas/biomass thermal applications orhouseholds/small users
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) The installation o residential and commercial solar ater heating (SwH) systemsor hot ater production.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity or ossil uel that ould otherise have been used to producehot ater.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Twotypesofprojectsincludedinthiscategory:retrotsandnewconstruction;• CommercialSWHsystemsshallincludeoperationalindicatorsthatmaybeeasily
interpreted by the intended users o the systems and that indicate that ater isbeing heated by solar energy.
Important parameters At validation:
• Emissionfactorofthebaselinefueland/orgrid;• Whereapplicable:
– Eciency o the baseline unit hich is consuming ossil uel or electricity;– Solar insolation level;– Time o hot ater demand.
Monitored:
• Whereapplicable,hotwaterconsumptionpattern,inlet/outlettemperature,characteristics/specications o the project system;
• Retentionrateoftheprojectsystem;• Collectingareaofthesolarpanel;• Auxiliaryfuelconsumptionbytheprojectsystem,whereapplicable.
BASELINE SCENARIOHot ater production is based onossil uel/electricity consumption.
PROJECT SCENARIOHot ater is produced bysolar energy.
Wter
Hot Wter
Fossil fuel
Het
Het
CO
CO
Wter
Hot Wter
Het
Fossil fuel
Renewble
Het
AMS-I.J.
AMS-I.J. Solar ater heating systems (SwH)
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AMS-II.A.
Typical project(s) Technical energy losses are reduced through energy eciency measures such asupgrading the voltage on a transmission/distribution system, replacing existingtransormers ith more ecient transormers (e.g. replacement o a silicon steel coretransormer ith an amorphous metal transormer) in electrical transmission/distributionsystem or improving pipe insulation in a district heating system. The project may bethe upgrade/replacement o an existing distribution system or be part o an expansiono an existing system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology ith higher eciency reduces electrical or thermal energy losses and therebyH emissions.
Important conditions under
which the methodology isapplicable
• Measuresthatreducetechnicallossessolelybyimprovingoperationsand/or
maintenance practices are not eligible;• Introductionofcapacitorbanksandtapchangingtransformersforreducinglosses
in an electricity distribution is not covered;
• Forretrotprojects,historicaldataisrequiredtodeterminetechnicallossesoftheexisting equipment.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Technicalenergylossesoftheprojectequipment;• Ifapplicable:forradialelectricitydistributionsystemsforwhichnoperformance-
measuring standards are available, technical losses shall be determined by a peerrevieed method.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Electrical/thermal energy istransmitted and distributed usingless-ecient energy system.
PROJECT SCENARIOReducing technical losses and
thereby H emissions throughinstallation o a ne energy-ecient distribution/transmissionequipment/system and/or retroto the existing less-ecientequipment/system.
AMS-II.A. Supply side energy eciency improvements –transmission and distribution
Consumer
Fossil fuel Ener
EnerEner Ener
CO
Consumer
Fossil Fuel
Technolo
Genertor
CO
Ener
Ener
Ener
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Typical project(s) Introduction o more-ecient electricity and/or thermal energy generation units orcomplete replacement o existing poer stations, district heating plants and cogenerationunits by ne equipment ith a higher eciency or retrotting o existing ossil-uel-redgenerating units in order to increase their eciency.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology ith higher eciency reduces ossil uel consumption or energy generationand thereby reduces H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Baselineandprojecttechnologiesutilizefossilfuelstoproduceenergy;• Renewableenergyprojectsarenotapplicable(typeImethodologiese.g.AMS-I.C.
or AMS-I.D. may be explored.).
Important parameters Monitored:• Quantityoffuelusedintheenergygeneratingequipment;• Quantityofenergyoutput.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentsituation; i.e. use o the existingossil-uel-red energy generationequipment ith loer eciency.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o more-ecientenergy generation technologyand/or complete replacement o
existing less-ecient equipmentand/or retrotting o an existing
energy generation system reducesossil uel consumption and Hemissions.
CO
Fossil fuel Ener
Ener
CO
Fossil fuel Ener
Uprde
Ener
AMS-II.B.
AMS-II.B. Supply side energy eciency improvements – generation
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AMS-II.C.
Typical project(s) Demand side energy eciency activities, e.g. adoption o ecient lamps, ballasts,rerigerators, motors, ans, air conditioners, pumping systems at many sites.Technologies may replace existing equipment or be installed at ne sites (greeneld).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive service by use o more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ratedcapacityoroutputorlevelofservice(e.g.lightoutput,wateroutput,roomtemperature and comort, the rated output capacity o air conditioners, etc.) is notsignicantly smaller (maximum -%) than the baseline or signicantly larger(maximum + 5%) than the baseline;
• Ifapplicable:refrigerantusedintheprojectshallbeCFC-free.
Important parameters At validation:• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Monitoringshallincludeannualchecksofasampleofnon-meteredsystemstoensure that they are still operating;
• Recordingthe“power”ofthedeviceinstalledandmeteringasampleoftheunitsinstalled or their operating hours using run time meters; or metering the “energyuse” o an appropriate sample o the devices installed.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess-ecient equipment/appliance (e.g. lamps,
rerigerators, motors, ans,air conditioners, pumpingsystems) consume moreenergy, thus resulting in higherH emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOMore-ecient equipment/appliance (e.g. lamps,rerigerators, motors, ans,air conditioners, pumpingsystems) consume less
energy, thus resulting in loerH emissions.
AMS-II.C. Demand-side energy eciency activitiesor specic technologies
Fossil fuel
ApplinceElectricit
CO
Grid
Fossil fuel
Applince
Uprde
Electricit
CO
Grid
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Typical project(s) Installation o, or replacement or retrot o, existing equipment ith energy eciency(e.g. ecient appliances, better insulation) and optional uel sitching (e.g. sitch romoil to gas) measures in residential, commercial or institutional buildings.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Electricity and/or uel savings through energy eciency improvement.Optionally, use o less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Energyusewithintheprojectboundaryshallbedirectlymeasured;• Theimpactoftheimplementedmeasures(improvementsinenergyeciency)
can be clearly distinguished rom changes in energy use due to other variables notinuenced by the project.
Important parameters At validation:• Energyuseofbuildingsbeforetheprojectimplementation;• Ifgridelectricityisconsumed:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Specicationsoftheequipmentreplacedorretrotted(onlyforreplacement or retrot projects);
• Energyuseofbuildingsaertheprojectimplementation.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o less-ecient and/ormore-carbon-intensive equipmentin buildings.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o more-ecient and/orless-carbon-intensive equipmentin buildings.
COFossil fuel Buildins
BuildinsFossil fuel
Uprde
CO
AMS-II.E.
AMS-II.E. Energy eciency and uel sitchingmeasures or buildings
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AMS-II.G.
Typical project(s) Introduction o high-ecient thermal energy generation units utilizing non-reneablebiomass or retrotting o existing units (e.g. complete replacement o existingbiomass red cook stoves or ovens or dryers ith more-ecient appliances) reducesuse o non-reneable biomass or combustion.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement or energy eciency enhancement o existing heat generation units resultsin saving o non-reneable biomass and reduction o H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Itshallbedemonstratedthatnon-renewablebiomasshasbeenusedsinceDecember31,989;
• Projectappliancesarecontinuouslyoperatedatthespeciedeciency(η) or replacedby an equivalent service appliance;
• Projectparticipantsshalldeterminetheshareofrenewableandnon-renewableoody biomass in the quantity o oody biomass used in the absence o the project.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Biennialcheckofeciencyoftheprojectappliances(e.g.byrepresentativesample);• Leakage:theamountofwoodybiomasssavedundertheprojectthatisusedby
non-project households/users (ho previously used reneable energy sources) shallbe assessed rom surveys.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentsituation; i.e. use o non-reneable biomass as uel
or the existing, less-ecientthermal applications.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Installation o more-ecientthermal energy generation unitsutilizing non-reneable biomassand/or complete replacement o existing less-ecient thermalapplications and/or retrottingo existing thermal energygenerating appliances reducesH emissions by saving non-reneable biomass.
AMS-II.G. Energy eciency measures in thermalapplications o non-reneable biomass
CO
Non-renewble
Het
Het
Non-renewble
Het
CO
Uprde
Het
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Typical project(s) Energy eciency improvement o an electricity or thermal energy generation unit,hich is based on recovery o aste energy rom a single source at an industrial, miningor mineral production acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Enhancement o aste energy recovery to replace more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Productionprocessandproductionoutputsarehomogenousinthebaselineandproject scenario;
• Improvementsineciencyintheprojectareclearlydistinguishable rom other variables not attributable to the project;
• Thereisnoauxiliaryfueland/orco-ringforenergygeneration;• Methodologyisnotapplicabletoretrottingofexistingfacilitiestoincrease
production outputs.
Important parameters At validation:
• Energygenerationratioofbaselineequipment.
Monitored:
• Energyproducedandconsumedbythegeneratingunit;• Productionoutputofthefacility.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the use o aless-ecient aste energyrecovery system.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o a more-ecient asteenergy recovery system, thusleading to higher energy gainsand thereby replacement o energy provided by more-H-intensive means.
Fossil fuel
Ener EnerHet
Production
Electricit
CO
Fossil fuel
Uprde
CO
Ener EnerHet
Production
Electricit
AMS-II.I.
AMS-II.I. Ecient utilization o aste energy in industrial acilities
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AMS-II.J.
Typical project(s) Activities or adoption o sel-ballasted compact uorescent lamps (CFLs) to replaceincandescent lamps (ICLs) in residential applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive lighting by technology sitch.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TotallumenoutputoftheCFLshouldbeequaltoormorethanthatoftheICL being replaced and CFLs shall, in addition to the standard lamp specications,be marked or clear unique identication or the project;
• AveragelifeorratedaveragelifeoftheCFLsshallbeknownexante.IEC60969(SelfBallasted Lamps or eneral Lighting Services - Perormance Requirements)or an equivalent national standard shall be used to determine the average lie;
• IfcumulativefailureofCFLsexceeds50%oftotalnumberofCFLsinstalledby
the project, then the project ceases to issue CERs not issue anymore CERs;• Determinationofdailyoperatinghours:eitherdefaultvalueof3.5hoursor
measured value.
Important parameters At validation:
• AveragelifetimeoftheCFL(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• ThenumberandpowerofthereplacedICLs;• NumberofICLsdistributedundertheproject,
identied by the type o ICL and the date o supply;
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Ifapplicable:measurementofaveragedailyoperatinghours;
• Lampfailureratesurveys.
BASELINE SCENARIOIncandescent lamps ( ICLs) areused or lighting in households.
PROJECT SCENARIOCFLs or lighting in householdsreplace ICLs thus reducingelectricity consumption andH emissions.
AMS-II.J. Demand-side activities or ecientlighting technologies
CO
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Lihtin
Grid
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Lihtin
CO
Uprde
Grid
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AMS-II.K.
Typical project(s) Installation o ossil-uel-based cogeneration or trigeneration systems. eneratedelectricity and cooling, and/or heating are supplied to commercial, non-industrial buildings.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Electricity and/or uel savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Applicabletoinstallationofnewsystemsthatreplaceorsupplementexistingsystems that supply electricity (grid or on-site generation) and cooling (e.g. chillers)and/or heating systems (e.g. boilers) or electricity and cooling and/or heatingsystems that ould have been built and utilized;
• Notapplicabletothereplacementofexistingcogenerationortrigenerationsystems;• Ifitisidentiedthatthebaselinesituationisthecontinueduseofanexisting
system then the existing system must have been in operation or at least the
immediately prior three years;• Ifprojectequipmentcontainsrefrigerantsitshallhavenoglobalwarmingpotential
and no ozone depleting potential.
Important parameters At validation:
• Emissionfactorofthegrid(canalsobemonitoredexpost)and/orbaselinecaptive poer plants;
• COPofbaselinechillers;• Eciencyofbaselinesteamgenerationsystems.
Monitored:
• Amountofgridand/orcaptivepowersuppliedbytheproject;• Amountofcoolingand/orheatingenergysuppliedbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOSeparate generation o poer/heat/cooling supplied tocommercial, non-industrialbuildings.
PROJECT SCENARIOSimultaneous production o poer/heat/cooling using aco- or trigeneration systemor supplying commercial,non-industrial buildings.
AMS-II.K. Installation o co-generation or tri-generation systemssupplying energy to commercial building
Het
Electricit
Coolin COBuildins
Fossil fuel
Het
Grid
Het
Electricit
Coolin
Trienertion
CO
CO
Buildins
Fossil fuel
Het
Grid
Fossil fuel
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Typical project(s) Adoption o energy ecient lamps and/or xture combinations to replace less ecientlamps and/or xture combinations in public- or utility-oned street lighting systems.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Displacement o less-ecient lighting by more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Limitedtopublic-orutility-ownedstreetlightingsystems;• Allowsmultiple-for-multiplelampsreplacements;• Requirescontinuousreplacementoffailedlamps;• Includesnewconstruction(Greeneld)installations;• IdentifybaselinetechnologyforGreeneld,usingthedatafromtheregion
(ithin 5 km);
• Ensurethatlightingperformancequalityofprojectlampsbeequivalentorbetter
than the baseline or applicable standard;• Nomandatorydestructionofreplacedlampsrequired.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Averagetimeelapsedbetweenfailureofluminairesandtheirreplacement;• Annualfailurerate;• Averageannualoperatinghours;• Averageprojectequipmentpower;• Numberofprojectluminairesplacedinserviceandoperatingundertheprojectactivity.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess ecient lamps are usedin street lighting systems.
PROJECT SCENARIOEcient lighting replaces lessecient lighting thus reducingelectricity consumption andH emissions.
CO
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Lihtin
Grid
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Lihtin
CO
Uprde
Grid
AMS-II.L.
AMS-II.L. Demand-side activities or ecient outdoor andstreet lighting technologies
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AMS-II.M.
Typical project(s) Activities or direct installation o lo-o hot ater savings devices used in residentialbuildings e.g. lo-o shoerheads, kitchen aucets and bathroom aucets.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
Energy Eciency.• Fuelorelectricitysavingsthroughtheinstallationoflow-owhotwatersavingsdevices.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectdevices(PD)mustcontainintegral,non-removableowrestrictions;• Onlyretrotprojectsareallowable;• OneyearwarrantyofthePD;• CompliancetoapplicablestandardsofthePD;• Equivalentlevelofservice(functionalcomfortandcleaningperformance);• PDaredirectlyinstalledandtestedtobefunctional;• PDaremarkedforclearuniqueidentication;
• Methodforcollection,destructionand/orrecyclingofbaselinedevices;• Procedurestoeliminatedoublecountingareexplained.
Important parameters At validation:
• Measuredowrateofbaselinedevice(litres/minute).
Monitored:
• Measuredowrateofprojectdevice(litres/minute);• Measuredamountofwaterusedbyprojectdevice(litres);• Temperatureofhotwater(Maximum40°C);• Temperatureofcoldwater(Minimum10°C);• Determinethenumberoflow-owdevicesinstalledandoperating.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess ecient hot ater devicesare used in residential buildings.More ater, that requires heatingby electricity or ossil uel, isconsumed.
PROJECT SCENARIOEcient (lo-o) hot aterdevices replace less ecient hotater devices thus reducing theamount o ater that requiresheating by electricity or ossil uel.
AMS-II.M. Demand-side energy eciency activities orinstallation o lo-o hot ater savings devices
Electricit
Grid
Hot wter
Fossil fuel
ConsumerHot wter
Fossil fuel
CO
Uprde
Electricit
Grid
CO
Hot wter
Fossil fuel
ConsumerHot wter
Fossil fuel
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AMS-III.A.
AMS-III.A. Osetting o synthetic nitrogen ertilizers byinoculant application in legumes-grass rotations on acidicsoils on existing cropland
Typical project(s) Application o inoculant on legumes in a legumes-grass rotation cropping on acidic soilson existing cropland substitutes and reduces the production and use o synthetic nitrogenertilizer use.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Application o inoculant displaces more-H-intensive production o syntheticnitrogen ertilizers.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thefarmersparticipatinghavegrownlegumesandgrassinalegumes-grassrotationin the previous three complete rotations ithout using any inoculant as a ertilizeror legumes, but have used synthetic nitrogen ertilizer or ertilizing legumes;
• Onlythelegume-rhizobiabacteria(inoculant)combinationsspeciedinthe methodology are eligible;
• Foreachfarmertakingpartintheproject,reliableandveriabledataontheamount o synthetic nitrogen ertilizer used, separately or each crop type, in the previous threecomplete rotations o legumes and grass cropping, shall be available;
• Nochangeinthetypesofcropcultivatedtakesplace.Inboththebaselineandprojectsituation legumes and grass are cultivated in rotations. No other changes in armingpractices aecting ertilizer application, except the change in application o inoculantand synthetic nitrogen ertilizer, are taking place during the crediting period.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Hectareofcropplanted;• Quantityofinoculant(numberofrhizobiabacteria),ureaandotherfertilizers
applied (chemical ertilizers as ell as organic ertilizers);
• Cropyieldpercropperhectare;
• Independentthirdpartyeldvisitsarealsorequiredatdierentstages (e.g. at planting, right beore oering etc.).
BASELINE SCENARIOProduction and use o syntheticnitrogen ertilizer results in Hemissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o legume-rhizobia bacteria(inoculant) substitutes/reduces theuse o synthetic nitrogen ertilizerreducing H emissions in theertilizer production process.
Ariculture
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
CO
CO
Uprde
Ariculture
Fertilizer
Fertilizer
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Typical project(s) The ossil uel sitching in ne or existing industrial, residential, commercial, institutionalor electricity generation applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch to uel ith a loer H intensity.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Switchoffossilfuelusedinaprocesswithasingleoutput(electricityorheat);• Projectsincludingbiomassorwastegas/energyarenoteligible;• Switchoffossilfuelinfacilitiesconnectedtoanisolatedgrid(s)systemiseligible;• Onlyenergyeciencyincreaserelatedtothefuelswitchiseligible;• Onlyretrottingandreplacementswithoutintegratedprocesschangeareeligible.
It is possible to directly measure and record the energy use/output (e.g. heat andelectricity) and consumption (e.g. ossil uel) ithin the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Baselineemissionfactor;• Historicalnetenergyoutput.
Monitored:
• Quantityoffossilfueluseandnetenergyoutput(heatorelectricity);• Outputofelementprocessforelectricity/thermalenergyexportedtootherfacilities
shall be monitored at the recipient end.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentpractice, i.e. use o more-carbon-
intensive ossil uel or energygeneration equipment.
PROJECT SCENARIOSitch o uel to less-carbon-intensive ossil uel in energygeneration equipment.
CO
Fossil fuel Ener
Ener
Ener
Ener
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
CO
AMS-III.B.
AMS-III.B. Sitching ossil uels
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Typical project(s) Operation o electric and hybrid vehicles or providing transportation services.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectandbaselinevehiclesshouldbelongtothesamevehiclecategory.Vehiclesunder a category have comparable passenger/load capacity and poer rating ithvariation o no more than +/- %;
• Theprevailingregulationspertainingtobatteryuseanddisposalshallbecompliedwith.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:• Numberofelectric/hybridvehiclesoperatedundertheproject;• Quantityoffossilfuelusede.g.forhybridvehiclesandelectricityconsumption
or all electric and hybrid vehicles to determine specic electricity/ossil uelconsumption per km;
• Annualaveragedistancedrivenbyprojectvehicles.
BASELINE SCENARIOOperation o more-H-emitting vehicles or providingtransportation services.
PROJECT SCENARIOOperation o less-H-
emitting vehicles ith electric/hybrid engines or providingtransportation services.
CO2Fossil fuel
Bus
Cr
Bus
CrFossil fuel
Electricit
CO
Uprde
AMS-III.C.
AMS-III.C. Emission reductions by electric and hybrid vehicles
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AMS-III.D.
Typical project(s) Replacement or modication o existing anaerobic manure management systems inlivestock arms, or treatment o manure collected rom several arms in a centralized plantto achieve methane recovery and destruction by aring/combustion or energetic use o the recovered methane.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.H destruction and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Manureorthestreamsobtainedaertreatmentarenotdischargedintonatural ater resources (e.g. river or estuaries);
• Inthebaselinescenariotheretentiontimeofmanurewasteintheanaerobictreatment system is greater than one month, and in case o anaerobic lagoonsin the baseline, their depths are at least m;
• Finalsludgemustbehandledaerobically;• Thestoragetimeofthemanureaerremovalfromtheanimalbarns,including
transportation, should not exceed 45 days beore being ed into the anaerobicdigester, unless it can be demonstrated that the dry matter content o the manurehen removed rom the animal barns is more than %.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Amountofbiogasrecoveredandfuelled,aredorusedgainfully;• Theannualamountoffossilfuelorelectricityusedtooperatethefacilityor
auxiliary equipment;
• Fractionofthemanurehandledinthemanuremanagementsystem;• Propersoilapplication(notresultinginmethaneemissions)ofthenalsludge
must be monitored.
BASELINE SCENARIOAnimal manure is lef to decayanaerobically and methane isemitted into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane is recovered anddestructed or gainullyused due to replacement or
modication o existing anaerobicmanure management systems.
AMS-III.D. Methane recovery in animal manure management systems
CHBiosMnureLivestock Pit/Loon Relese
Bios
CH
MnureLivestock
Flrin
Ener
Pit/Loon
Relese
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AMS-III.E.
Typical project(s) Decay o the astes that ould have been lef to decay or are already deposited in aaste disposal site is prevented through controlled combustion; or gasication to producesyngas/producer gas; or mechanical/thermal treatment to produce reuse-derived uel(RDF) or stabilized biomass (SB).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance;Avoidance o methane emissions due to prevention o anaerobic decay o biomassin aste. Use o biomass in aste as energy source.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheproducedRDF/SBshallbeusedforcombustioneitheronsiteoro-site;• IncaseofRDF/SBproduction,noGHGemissionsoccurotherthanbiogenicCO, due
to chemical reactions during the thermal treatment process or example limiting thetemperature o thermal treatment to prevent the occurrence o pyrolysis and/or the
stack gas analysis;• Incaseofgasication,allsyngasproducedshallbecombustedandnotreleased
unburned into the atmosphere;
• Duringthemechanical/thermaltreatmenttoproduceRDF/SBnochemicalorotheradditives shall be used.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Amountofwastecombusted,gasiedormechanically/thermallytreatedbytheproject, as ell as its composition through representative sampling;
• Quantityofauxiliaryfuelusedandthenon-biomasscarboncontentofthewaste or RDF/SB combusted;
• Electricityconsumptionand/orgeneration.
BASELINE SCENARIOOrganic aste is lef to decayand methane is emitted into theatmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane emissions ill beavoided through controlledcombustion, gasication ormechanical/thermal treatment o the astes. In case o energeticuse o organic aste, displacemento more-H-intensive energygeneration.
AMS-III.E. Avoidance o methane production rom decay o biomass through controlled combustion, gasication or mechanical/thermal treatment
Biomss
Wste
Disposl CHBios Relese
Biomss
Tretment
Disposl
Wste
CH
Burnin
Gs Relese
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AMS-III.F.
Typical project(s) Controlled biological treatment o biomass or other organic matter is introduced throughaerobic treatment by composting and proper soil application o the compost.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Recoveryandcombustionoflandllgasisnoteligible;• Identiedlandll(s)shouldbeabletoaccommodatethewastetobeusedforthe
project or the duration o the crediting period; or it is common practice in the regionto dispose o the aste in solid aste disposal sites (landlls).
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofwastebiologicallytreatedanditscompositionthroughrepresentative
sampling;• Whenprojectincludesco-treatingofwastewater,thevolumeofco-treated
asteater and its COD content through representative sampling;
• Annualamountoffossilfuelorelectricityusedtooperatethefacilitiesor auxiliary equipment.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiomass and other organicmatter (including manure hereapplicable) are lef to decayand methane is emitted intothe atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane emissions are avoided
through composting.
AMS-III.F. Avoidance o methane emissionsthrough composting
Wste
Biomss
Disposl CHBios Relese
Disposl CHGs Relese
Compostin
Wste
Biomss
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Typical project(s) Capture and combustion o methane rom landlls used or disposal o residuesrom human activities including municipal, industrial and other solid astes containingbiodegradable organic matter.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane and more-H-intensive service displacement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Baselineemissionsshallexcludemethaneemissionsthatwouldhavetoberemovedto comply ith national or local saety requirement or legal regulations.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Theamountofmethanerecoveredandgainfullyused,fuelledoraredshall
be monitored ex-post, using continuous o meters;• Fractionofmethaneinthelandllgas;• Flareeciency.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiomass and other organicmatter in aste are lef todecay and methane is emittedinto the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane in the landll gas iscaptured and destructed orused. In case o energetic use
o landll gas, displacemento more-H-intensive energygeneration.
Wste
Lndll s
Biomss
Disposl CHRelese
EnerWste
Lndll s
Flrin
Biomss
Disposl
CHRelese
AMS-III.G.
AMS-III.G. Landll methane recovery
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AMS-III.H.
Typical project(s) Recovery o biogas resulting rom anaerobic decay o organic matter in asteatersthrough introduction o anaerobic treatment system or asteater and/or sludgetreatment.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Anaerobiclagoonsshouldbedeeperthan2metres,withoutaeration,ambienttemperature above 5°C, at least during part o the year, on a monthly averagebasis. The minimum interval beteen to consecutive sludge removal events shallbe days;
• Indeterminingbaselineemissions,historicalrecordsofatleastoneyearpriorto the project implementation shall be available. Otherise, a representative
measurement campaign is required.
Important parameters At validation:
• CODremovaleciencyofthebaselinesystem.
Monitored:
• Flowofwastewater;• Chemicaloxygendemandofthewastewaterbeforeandaerthetreatmentsystem;• Amountofsludgeasdrymatterineachsludgetreatmentsystem;• Amountofbiogasrecovered,fuelled,aredorutilized(e.g.injectedintoanatural
gas distribution grid or distributed via a dedicated piped netork).
BASELINE SCENARIO
Methane rom the decay o organic matter in asteateror sludge is being emittedinto the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane is recovered and
destroyed due to the introductiono ne or modication o existingasteater or sludge treatmentsystem. In case o energetic useo biogas, displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
AMS-III.H. Methane recovery in asteater treatment
BiosWste wter CHReleseLoon
Ener
Bios
Flrin
CH
Wste wter
Relese
Loon
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Typical project(s) Avoidance o production o methane rom organic matter in asteater being treatedin anaerobic systems. Due to the project, the anaerobic systems (ithout methanerecovery) are substituted by aerobic biological systems.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o methane emissions rom anaerobic decay o organic matter in asteater.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Inordertodeterminebaselineemissions,atleaseoneyearofhistoricaldataisrequired. Otherise, a -day measurement campaign should be carried out.
Important parameters At validation:
• CODremovaleciencyofthebaselinesystem.
Monitored:
• AmountofCODtreatedinthewastewatertreatmentplant(s),amountofwastewaterentering and/or exiting the project;
• Amountofsludgeproducedandsludgegenerationratio;• Amountoffossilfuelandelectricityusedbytheprojectfacilities;• Useofthenalsludgewillbemonitoredduringthecreditingperiod.
BASELINE SCENARIOOrganic matter in asteatersis being treated in anaerobicsystems and produced methaneis being released into the
atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOAnaerobic asteater treatmentsystems, ithout methanerecovery, are substituted byaerobic treatment systems.
BiosWste wter CHReleseLoon
CH
Wste wter
BiosTretment Relese
Air
AMS-III.I.
AMS-III.I. Avoidance o methane production in asteater treatmentthrough replacement o anaerobic systems by aerobic systems
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Typical project(s) Sitch rom CO o ossil origin to a source o CO rom reneable origin.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o ossil uel combustion to provide CO by the use o CO that is generatedrom reneable sources.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• CO rom combustion o reneable biomass ould have been emitted into theatmosphere and not otherise used;
• ThegenerationofCO rom ossil or mineral sources in the baseline is only or thepurpose o CO production to be used or the production o inorganic compounds;
• CO rom ossil or mineral sources that is used or the production o inorganiccompounds prior to the project ill not be emitted into the atmosphere hen theproject is in place.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalspecicfuelconsumptionpertonneofoutput.
Monitored:
• Amountofthenalproductproducedonamonthlybasis.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uels are used to produceCO hich is used as ra material;CO rom a reneable source isvented into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Fossil uels are no longer usedto produce CO. The CO stream rom reneable sourcesis used as ra materialor a production process.
Fossil fuel
CO
Biomss
ProductionCO Product
Relese
Burnin
Burnin
Biomss
Fossil fuel
Biomss
ProductionCO Product
ReleseBurnin
CO
Burnin
AMS-III.J.
AMS-III.J. Avoidance o ossil uel combustion or carbon dioxideproduction to be used as ra material or industrial processes
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Typical project(s) Construction o a ne charcoal production acility ith recovery and aring/combustiono methane.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Use o a technology that destructs or recovers methane generated during the productiono charcoal.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Lawsrestrictingmethaneemissionsfromcharcoalproductioneitherdonotexist or are not enorced;
• Norelevantchangesingreenhousegasemissionsotherthanmethaneoccuras a consequence o the project and/or need to be accounted or;
• Nochangesinthetypeandsourceofbiomassusedforcharcoalproduction.
Important parameters At validation:• Methaneemissionfactorinthebaseline.
Monitored:
• Quantityofrawmaterialusedanditsmoisturecontent;• Quantityofcharcoalproducedanditsmoisturecontent;• Amountofmethanegenerated,fuelledorared;• Powerandauxiliaryfuelconsumptionofthefacility.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiomass is transormed intocharcoal. Methane is emittedin the process.
PROJECT SCENARIOBiomass is transormed intocharcoal. Methane is recoveredand combusted. In case o energetic use o methane,displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
CHCHBiomss Chrcol Relese
Ener
CH
Flrin
Biomss Chrcol
CHRelese
AMS-III.K.
AMS-III.K. Avoidance o methane release rom charcoalproduction by shifing rom traditional open-ended methods tomechanized charcoaling process
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AMS-III.L.
AMS-III.L. Avoidance o methane production rom biomass decaythrough controlled pyrolysis
Typical project(s) Avoidance o the production o methane rom organic matter that would haveotherwise been lef to decay under anaerobic conditions in a solid waste disposalsite without methane recovery. Due to the project, decay is prevented throughcontrolled pyrolysis.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.H emission avoidance and replacement o more-H-intensive service by pyrolysiso organic matter.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thepyrolysedresiduesarenolongerpronetoanaerobicdecomposition;• Measuresshallincluderecoveryandcombustionofnon-COgreenhousegases
produced during pyrolysis;
• Thelocationandcharacteristicsofthedisposalsiteinthebaselineconditionshall
be knon, in such a ay as to allo the estimation o its methane emissions.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Percentagecompositionofvolatilecarbon,xedcarbon,ashesandmoisturein the aste processed by pyrolysis (by a representative number o samples);
• Amountandcomposition(weightfractionofeachwastetype)ofwasteprocessed by pyrolysis;
• Quantityofnon-biogenicwasteprocessedbypyrolysis;• Quantityofauxiliaryfuelusedandpowerconsumptionoftheprojectfacilitiesand/
or poer generation by the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOOrganic matter ill decay under
clearly anaerobic conditions ina solid aste disposal site andthe produced methane is beingreleased into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane production due to
anaerobic decay o organic matterill be avoided through controlledpyrolysis. In case o energetic useo products (e.g. pyrolysis gas oroil), displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
Wste
Biomss
Disposl Bios CHRelese
Prolsis
Wste Ener
Flrin
CH
Biomss
Fuel
Disposl ReleseBios
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Typical project(s) Recovery o caustic soda rom aste black liquor generated in paper manuacturing.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Reduction o production o caustic soda and thereby reduction o electricity consumptionby recovery o caustic soda rom black liquor.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Notapplicable.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalelectricityintensityofsodaproduction(includingimports);• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Quantityofcausticsodarecoveredperyear;• Electricityconsumption,consumptionoffossilfuelandauxiliaryfuelinthecaustic
soda recovery plant;
• Quantityofresiduesproduced,portionofresidueusedfortheproductionoflimeand portion o residue that is disposed in a solid aste disposal site.
BASELINE SCENARIOBlack liquor rom paperproduction is asted. Muchelectricity is needed toproduce caustic soda that is
consumed in the paper mill.
PROJECT SCENARIOCaustic soda is recovered romblack liquor to displace equivalentquantity o purchased causticsoda. Less electricity is requiredor recovery.
Pper Disposl
El ect ri ci t C us ti c s od
Custic sod Blck liquor
CO
CO
Custic sod
Recclin
Pper
Disposl
El ect ri ci t C us ti c s od
Custic sod Blck liquor
AMS-III.M.
AMS-III.M. Reduction in consumption o electricity by recoveringsoda rom paper manuacturing process
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AMS-III.O.
AMS-III.O. Hydrogen production using methane extracted rom biogas
Typical project(s) Installation o biogas purication system to isolate methane rom biogas or the production
o hydrogen displacing LP as both eedstock and uel in a hydrogen productionunit. Examples are the installation o a biogas purication system to isolate methanerom biogas hich is being ared in the baseline situation or installation o a biogaspurication system in combination ith installation o ne measures that recovermethane rom organic matter rom aste ater treatment plants or landlls, usingtechnologies/measures covered in AMS III.H. or AMS III..
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelandfeedstockswitch.Fuel and eed stock sitch to reduce consumption o ossil uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Thismethodologyisnotapplicabletotechnologiesdisplacingtheproduction o hydrogen rom electrolysis;
• Themethodologyisonlyapplicableifitcanbeensuredthatthereisnodiversion o biogas that is already being used or thermal or electrical energy generationor utilized in any other (chemical) process in the baseline.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Continuousmeteringofproducedhydrogenonvolumetricbasis;• ContinuousmeteringofLPGusedasfeedstocktohydrogenproductionunit;• ContinuousmonitoringofspecicfuelconsumptionofLPGwhenbiogasis
not available in sucient quantity;
• Continuousmeasurementofelectricityandfuelusedbythebiogas purication system;
• Continuousmeasurementofbiogasproducedbythewastewatertreatment system, landll gas capture system or other processes producing biogas.
BASELINE SCENARIOLP is used as eedstock anduel or hydrogen production.
PROJECT SCENARIOLP is displaced by methaneextracted rom biogas orhydrogen production.
FlrinBios
Hdroen
Hdroen
Disposl Loon
LPG
CO
Bios
CO
LPG Hdroen
Hdroen
Disposl Loon Flrin/Ventin
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AMS-III.P.
AMS-III.P. Recovery and utilization o aste gas in renery acilities
Typical project(s) Implementation o aste gas recovery in an existing renery, here aste gas iscurrently being ared, to generate process heat in element process(es).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive heat production.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Proofthattherecoveredwastegasintheabsenceoftheprojectwasared(evidenceor the last three years). Baseline emissions are capped either at the historicalthree-year average or its estimation;
• Wastegasisnotcombinedwithadditionalfuelgasorrenerygasbetweenrecoveryand its mixing ith a uel-gas system or its direct use;
• Theprojectdoesnotleadtoanincreaseinproductioncapacityofthereneryfacility;• Therecoveryofwastegasmaybeanewinitiativeoranincrementalgainin
an existing practice. I the project is an incremental gain, the dierence in thetechnology beore and afer implementation o the project should be clearly shon.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalannualaverageamountofwastegassenttoares;• Ecienciesoftheprocessheatingdeviceusingtherecoveredwastegascomparedto
that using ossil uel.
Monitored:
• Dataneededtocalculatetheemissionfactorsofelectricalenergyconsumedbythe project, either rom the captive poer plant or imported rom grid as ell asthe amount and composition o recovered aste gas (e.g. density, LHV) and dataneeded to calculate the emission actors rom ossil uels used or process heating
and steam generation ithin the renery.
BASELINE SCENARIOElement process(es) ill continueto supply process heat, using
ossil uel. The aste gases romthe renery are ared.
PROJECT SCENARIOElement process(es) ill be uelledith aste gas, replacing ossiluel usage.
CO
CO
Fossil fuel
Wste sRener Flrin
Het
Het
CO
Fossil fuel
Wste sRener
Het
Het
Flrin CO
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Typical project(s) Utilization o aste energy at existing acilities as an energy source or producingelectrical/thermal/mechanical energy, including cogeneration.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o H emissions by energy recovery.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Iftheprojectisimplementedatanexistingfacility,demonstrationoftheuseofaste energy in the absence o the project shall be based on historic inormation;
• Itshallbedemonstratedthatthewastegas/heatorwastepressureutilizedintheproject ould have been ared or released into the atmosphere in the absence o the project.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Thermal/electrical/mechanicalenergyproduced;• Amountofwastegasortheamountofenergycontainedinthewasteheatorwaste
pressure.
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy is obtained rom H-intensive energy sources (e.g.electricity is obtained rom aspecic existing poer plant orrom the grid, mechanical energyis obtained by electric motorsand heat rom a ossil-uel-basedelement process [e.g. steam boiler,
hot ater generator, hotair generator, hot oil generator]).
PROJECT SCENARIOwaste energy is utilized toproduce electrical/thermal/mechanical energy to displace
H-intensive energy sources.
Production
Electricit
Het
Wste ener
Mechnicl
Relese
CO
Production
Relese
Ener
Electricit
Het
CO
Wste ener
Ener
Mechnicl
AMS-III.Q.
AMS-III.Q. waste energy recovery (gas/heat/pressure) projects
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AMS-III.S.
AMS-III.S. Introduction o lo-emission vehicles/technologiesto commercial vehicle eets
Typical project(s) Introduction and operation o new less-greenhouse-gas-emitting vehicles (e.g. CN,LP, electric or hybrid) or commercial passengers and reight transport, operatingon a number o routes with comparable conditions. Retrotting o existing vehiclesis also applicable.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thelevelofserviceprovidedoneachroutebeforeprojectimplementationshallremain the same and a modal shif in transport is not eligible;
• Thereisnosignicantchangeintaridiscerniblefromtheirnaturaltrend,whichcould lead to change in patterns o vehicle use;
• Thefrequencyofoperationofthevehiclesisnotdecreased;
• Thecharacteristicsofthetravelroute–distance,startandendpointsandtherouteitsel and/or the capacity introduced by the project is sucient to service the level o passenger/reight transportation previously provided.
Important parameters At validation:• Eciencyofbaselinevehicles(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Totalannualdistancetravelledandpassengersorgoodstransportedbyproject and baseline vehicles on xed route;
• Annualaveragedistanceoftransportationperpersonortonneoffreightper baseline and project vehicle;
• Servicelevelintermsoftotalpassengersorvolumeofgoodstransportedon
xed route beore and afer project implementation.
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers and reight aretransported using more-H-intensive transportation modes.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers and reightare transported using neless-greenhouse-gas-emittingvehicles or retrotted existingvehicles on xed routes.
CO
Cr
Fossil fuel
Trnsport
Cr
CO
Fossil fuel
Uprde
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Trnsport
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AMS-III.T.
AMS-III.T. Plant oil production and use or transport applications
Typical project(s) Plant oil production that is used or transportation applications, here the plant oil is producedrom pressed and ltered oilseeds rom plants that are cultivated on dedicated plantations.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive petrodiesel or transport.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Oilcropsarecultivatedonareathatisnotaforestandhasnotbeendeforestedduring the last years prior to the implementation o the project;
• Theestablishmentofdedicatedplantationsonpeatlandsisnotallowed;• Theplantoilisusedinblendswithpurepetrodieselofupto10%byvolumeonly
or use o pure plant oil in converted vehicles;
• Baselinevehiclesusepetrodieselonly;• NoexportofproducedplantoiltoAnnex1countriesallowed.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Cropharvestandoilcontentoftheoilseedsaswellasnetcaloricvalueandamounto plant oil produced by the project per crop source;
• Energyuse(electricityandfossilfuel)fortheproductionofplantoil;• Usedefaultvaluesoralternativelymonitoramountoffertilizerappliedforthe
cultivation o plant oil per crop source;
• Leakageemissionsduetoashiofpre-projectactivitiesandthecompetinguses o biomass;
• Incaseofuseofpureplantoilitshallbemonitoredandveriedbyrandom sampling that the vehicles have carried out engine conversions.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Petrodiesel ould be used inthe transportation applications.
PROJECT SCENARIOOil crops are cultivated, plantoil is produced and used in thetransportation applicationsdisplacing petrodiesel.
Petrodiesel
Bus
Cr
Motorccle
CO
Blended fuel
Petrodiesel Bus
Cr
Motorccle
Production
Plnttion
CO
Plnt oil
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AMS-III.U.
AMS-III.U. Cable Cars or Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS)
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o cable cars or urban transport o passengers substitutingtraditional road-based transport trips. Extensions o existing cable cars are not alloed.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theoriginandnaldestinationofthecablecarsareaccessiblebyroad;• Fuelsusedinthebaselineand/ortheprojectareelectricity,gaseousorliquid
ossil uels. I biouels are used, the baseline and the project emissions shouldbe adjusted accordingly;
• Theanalysisofpossiblebaselinescenarioalternativesshalldemonstrate that a continuation o the current public transport system is the most plausible
baseline scenario.
Important parameters At validation:
• Occupancyrateofvehiclescategory;• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Totalpassengerstransportedbytheproject;• Bysurvey:tripdistanceofpassengersusingthebaselinemodeandthetripdistance
o passengers using the project mode rom their trip origin tothe project entry station and rom project exit station to their nal destination;
• Bysurvey:shareofthepassengersthatwouldhaveusedthebaselinemode;• Shareofthepassengersusingtheprojectmodefromtriporigintotheproject
entry station and rom project exit station to their nal destination;• Quantityofelectricityconsumedbythecablecarfortraction.
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers are transported undermixed trac conditions using adiverse transport system involving
buses, trains, cars, non-motorizedtransport modes, etc.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing cable cars, thus reducingossil uel consumption andH emissions
CO
Trin Bus
Cr Motorccle
Trin Bus
Cr Motorccle
COCble cr
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Typical project(s) Introduction o dust/sludge-recycling system such as Rotary Hearth Furnace (RHF),waelz, and Primus to produce DRI pellet, hich is ed into the blast urnace o steelorks in order to reduce coke consumption.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Decreased use o coke as reducing agent by recycling dust/sludge in the orm o DRI pellets.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thedust/sludgeisnotcurrentlyutilizedinsidetheworksbutsoldoutside and/or land lled;
• “Alternativematerial”thatcanbeusedbythe“outsideuser”insteadofthe dust/sludge is abundant in the country/region;
• OnlysteelworkscommissionedbeforeSeptember26,2008areeligible.
Important parameters At validation:• Historicalaverageofpigironproductionandcokeconsumption.
Monitored:
• Annualquantityofpigironproduction,cokeconsumption;• QuantityandironcontentofDRIpelletfedintotheblastfurnace;• Fuelandelectricityuse;• Fractionofcarbonincokefedintotheblastfurnace(tonnesofCpertonneofcoke).
BASELINE SCENARIOHigh amounts o coke are used toproduce pig iron, thus leading tohigh CO emissions. Dust/sludge
rom steel orks is sold to outsideuser and/or land-lled.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess coke is used to producepig iron. This leads to loerCO emissions. Dust/sludge istransormed into DRI pelletshich are reused as input in thispigiron production.
IronCoke
Dust/slude Disposl
CO
IronCoke
Dust/slude
CO
DRI pelletsRecclin
Disposl
AMS-III.V.
AMS-III.V. Decrease o coke consumption in blast urnaceby installing dust/sludge recycling system in steel orks
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Typical project(s) Replacement o existing, unctional domestic rerigerators by more-ecient units andrecovery/destruction o HFCs rom the rerigerant and the oam.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• GHGemissionavoidance;• GHGdestruction.H emission avoidance by re-use o rerigerant or H destruction combined ithan increase in energy eciency.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectrefrigerantsandfoam-blowingagentshavenoozonedepletingpotentialozone depleting potential and a global arming potential loer than 5;
• Allrefrigeratorreplacementstakeplacewithinjustoneyearofprojectstart;• Projectandbaselinerefrigeratorsareelectricallydriven;
• Projectrefrigeratorshaveanaveragevolumecapacityofatleast80%ofthe baseline rerigerators.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Numberofrefrigeratorsdistributedandtheirelectricityconsumption;• QuantityofHFCreclaimed;• Specicelectricityconsumptionfromreplacedrefrigerators.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o large amounts o electricityby rerigerators and HFC emissionsrom the rerigerators.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o loer amounts o electricity by rerigeratorsand reduced HFC emissionsrom rerigerators.
CO
HFCElectricit
Grid
Refriertors
Fossil fuel
Uprde
CO
Electricit
Grid
Refriertors
Fossil fuel
HFC
AMS-III.X.
AMS-III.X. Energy eciency and HFC-13a recoveryin residential rerigerators
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Avoidance or reduction o methane production rom anaerobic asteater treatments systemsand anaerobic manure management systems here the volatile solids are removed and theseparated solids are urther treated/used/disposed to result in loer methane emissions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o methane emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectdoesnotrecoverorcombustbiogas;• Technologyforsolidseparationshallbeoneoracombinationofmechanicalsolid/
liquid separation technologies and thermal treatment technologies, and not by gravity;
• Drymattercontentoftheseparatedsolidsshallremainhigherthan20%andseparation shall be achieved in less than 4 hours;
• Theliquidfractionfromtheprojectsolidseparationsystemshallbetreatedeither
in a baseline acility or in a treatment system ith loer methane conversion actorthan the baseline system.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Formanuremanagementsystems,numberofanimals,theirtypeandtheirindividual volatile solids excretion;
• Forwastewatersystems,theowofwastewaterenteringthesystemandtheCODload o the asteater.
BASELINE SCENARIOSolids in manure or asteaterould be treated in a manuremanagement system or
asteater treatment acilityithout methane recover, andmethane is emitted into theatmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess methane is emitted dueto separation and treatment o solids.
CH4
Wste wter
Mnure
Loon Bios Relese
Tretment
Wste wter CH
Burnin
Wste wter
Mnure
Solids
Loon Bios Relese
AMS-III.Y.
AMS-III.Y. Methane avoidance through separation o solidsrom asteater or manure treatment systems
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Sitch to a more-energy-ecient brick production process and/or sitch rom ossil uelto reneable biomass or less-carbon-intensive ossil uel.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Renewableenergy;• Fuelswitch.Reduction o emissions rom decreased energy consumption per brick produced and rom theuse o uels ith loer carbon intensity, either at an existing brick kiln or at a ne acility.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Qualityoftheprojectbricksshouldbecomparabletoorbetterthanthebaselinebricks;
• Norenewablebiomasshasbeenusedintheexistingprojectfacilityduringthelastthree years prior to the start o the project;
• Forprojectactivitiesinvolvingchangesinrawmaterialstherawmaterialstobeutilized should be abundant in the country/region.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalbrickoutputandfuelconsumption.
Monitored:
• Productionoutput;• Quantityandtypeoffuelsused;• Quantityofrawandadditivematerials;• Qualityoftheprojectbricks.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Brick production using more-carbon-intensive uel andenergy-intensive technology.
PROJECT SCENARIOBrick production using less-
carbon-intensive uel or biomassin a more-ecient acility.
AMS-III.Z.
AMS-III.Z. Fuel sitch, process improvementand energy eciency in brick manuacture
Fossil fuel Brick CO
CO
Uprde
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
BiomssBrick
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Retrot o the engine o existing/used vehicles or commercial passengers transport (e.g.buses, motorized rickshas, taxis) hich results in increased uel eciency o the vehicles.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Energy eciency measures in transportation reduce H emissions due to decreased uelconsumption.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thevehiclesforpassengertransportationareofthesametype,usethesame uel and single type o retrot technology;
• Themethodologyisnotapplicabletobrandnewvehicles/technologies (e.g. CN, LP, electric or hybrid vehicles);
• Thevehiclesshalloperateduringthebaselineandprojectoncomparableroutes ith similar trac situations.
Important parameters At validation:
• Determinationoftheremainingtechnicallifetimeoftheretrottedvehicles.
Monitored:
• Fueleciencyofthebaselineandprojectvehicle;• Annualaveragedistancetravelledbyprojectvehicles;• Numberoftheoreticallyoperatingprojectvehicles;• Shareofprojectvehiclesinoperation.
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers are transported usingless-uel-ecient vehicles.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing retrotted more-uel-ecient vehicles
CO
Bus
Txi
Fossil fuel
Bus
Txi
CO
Uprde
Fossil fuel
AMS-III.AA.
AMS-III.AA. Transportation energy eciency activitiesusing retrot technologies
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Introduction o ne commercial standalone rerigeration cabinets using rerigerantsith lo wP.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance;• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o ugitive emissions o rerigerants ith high wP (e.g. HFC-4a)through the use o rerigerants ith lo wP.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Cabinetsintheprojectcaseutilizeonetypeofrefrigerantsandfoamblowing agents having no ODP and lo wP;
• Thecabinetsintroducedbytheprojectareequallyormoreenergyecientthan the cabinets that ould have been used in the absence o project;
• Theprojectproponenthasbeenproducingormanagingcommercialrefrigeration
cabinets charged ith rerigerants ith high wP or at least three years and hasnot been using rerigerants ith a lo wP in signicant quantities prior to the starto the project.
Important parameters At validation:
• Nameplateinitialrefrigerantchargeforeachrefrigerationcabinetmodel;• Fugitiveemissionsofrefrigerantsduringmanufacturing,servicing/maintenance,
and disposal o rerigeration cabinets.
Monitored:
• Numberofrefrigerationcabinetsthataremanufactured,putintouse,underservicing/maintenance, and decommissioned and disposed.
BASELINE SCENARIOFugitive HFC emissions ithhigh wP during manuacturing,usage and servicing, and disposalo rerigeration cabinets.
PROJECT SCENARIOFugitive emissions o rerigerants ith lo wPduring manuacturing,usage and servicing, anddisposal o rerigerationcabinets.
AMS-III.AB.
AMS-III.AB. Avoidance o HFC emissions in standalonecommercial rerigeration cabinets
HFC
HFCRefriertors
RefriertorsRefriernt
GHGRefriertors
Refriernt
Refriernt
Refriertors
HFC
HFC
Refriertors
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o electricity and/or heat using uel cell technology using natural gas aseedstock to supply electricity to existing or ne users or to a grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive electricity or electricity and heat generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Notapplicablewhereenergyproducedbyfuelcellisusedfortransportationapplication;
• Electricityand/orsteam/heatdeliveredtoseveralfacilitiesrequireacontractspeciying that only the acility generating the energy can claim CERs;
• Naturalgasissucientlyavailableintheregionorcountry;• Iftheprojectincludesthereplacementofthecelloranypartofit
(the molten carbonate, the electrodes, etc.) during the crediting period, there shall
be no signicant changes in the eciency or capacity o the uel cell technologyused in the project due to the replacement. The lietime o the uel cell shall beassessed in accordance ith the procedures described in eneral uideline toSSC methodologies.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Monitoringofenergy(heat/power)generationandconsumptionoftheproject;• Consumptionandcompositionoffeedstock(e.g.naturalgas)usedforhydrogen
production.
BASELINE SCENARIOOther technologies that ouldhave been used in absenceo the project and/or grid importsare supplying electricity and/orheat to ne users or to a grid.
PROJECT SCENARIONatural gas as eedstock is usedor hydrogen production hich is
then used in a uel cell technologyto produce heat/electricitydisplacing alternative technologiesand thereore reducing baselineemissions.
AMS-III.AC.
AMS-III.AC. Electricity and/or heat generation using uel cell
Electricit
Het
Fossil fuel
Het
CO
Grid
Fossil fuel
Fuel cell
Electricit
Het
Het
CO
CO
Nturl s
Grid
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Production o alternative hydraulic lime or construction purposes by blending a certainamount o conventional hydraulic lime ith alternative material and additives.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Reduction o production o hydraulic lime and thereby reduction o ossil uel use andelectricity consumption during the production process.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Qualityofalternativehydrauliclimeisthesameorbetterthanthehydrauliclime;• Thereisnootherallocationorusefortheamountofalternativematerialusedby
the project and there is sucient availability;
• Theprojectisinanexistingplant;• Thismethodologyislimitedtodomesticallysoldoutputoftheprojectplantand
excludes export o alternative hydraulic lime.
Important parameters • Alternativehydrauliclimemeetsorexceedsthequalitystandardsofthebaselinehydraulic lime;
• Totalproductionofalternativelimeandhydrauliclime(intermediateproduct)consumption o alternative lime and additives;
• Fuelandelectricityconsumption.
BASELINE SCENARIOProduction o hydraulic lime usingconventional process consuminghigh amount o energy.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Reduced ossil uel input inhydraulic lime production dueto blending ith additives.
Hdrulic lime
Fossil fuel
Electricit
Hdrulic lime
CO
Hdrulic lime
CO
Fossil fuel
Electricit
Blendin
Hdrulic lime
AMS-III.AD.
AMS-III.AD. Emission reductions in hydraulic lime production
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Frameork Convention on
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Typical project(s) Installation o energy eciency and optional reneable poer generation measures inne, grid-connected residential buildings.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Renewableenergy.Electricity savings through energy eciency improvement and optional use o reneable poer.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Emissionreductionsshallonlybeclaimedforgridelectricitysavings;• Emissionreductionsthroughbiomassenergysupplycannotbeclaimed;• Projectbuildingsmustbenewlyconstructedresidentialbuildings,andshallnotuse
ossil or biomass uels or space heating or cooling;
• Refrigerantusedinenergy-ecientequipmentundertheproject,ifany,shallbeCFC-free.
Important parameters At validation:• Monthlyelectricityconsumptionofbaselineandprojectresidences;• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• MonthlyHDDandCDDforbaselineandprojectresidences;• Baselineandprojectresidencecharacteristics.
Monitored:
• Updateoftheparametersprovidedforvalidation;• Annualrecordsofprojectresidenceoccupancy.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess-ecient use o electricity inbuildings.
PROJECT SCENARIOMore-ecient use o electricityand optional use o reneablepoer in buildings.
Fossil fuel
Electricit Buildins
CO
Grid
Electricit
Fossil fuel
CO
Uprde
ElectricitRenewble
Buildins
Grid
AMS-III.AE.
AMS-III.AE. Energy eciency and reneable energymeasures in ne residential buildings
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Avoidance o methane emissions rom MSw that is already deposited in a closed solidaste disposal site (SwDS) ithout methane recovery. Due to the project, non-inertmaterial ill be composed through pre-aeration, excavation and separation o the MSwin the closed SwDS, so that methane emissions ill be avoided.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Methane emissions rom anaerobic decay o organic matter in municipal solid aste isavoided by alternative aste treatment (i.e. composting).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thismethodologyisapplicableiftheaerobicpre-treatmentisrealizedeitherthrough high pressure air injection enriched ith oxygen (-4% vol.) or lopressure aeration using ambient air;
• Theexistingregulationsdonotrequirethecaptureandaringoflandllgasof
closed SwDS;• Thecompostingprocessisrealizedatenclosedchambersorroofedsites,outdoor
composting is not applicable.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofrawwasteremovedandquantityofcompostproduced;• Parametersrelatedtotransport,e.g.truckcapacity;• Parametersrelatedtomethanegenerationpotentialofthenon-inertfraction
o the partially decayed, separated MSw;
• Amountofnon-inertwasteexcavatedandaerobicallycomposted;• Annualamountoffossilfuelorelectricityusedtooperatethefacilitiesorpower
auxiliary equipment.
BASELINE SCENARIOMSw is lef to decay ithin theSwDS and methane is emittedinto the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane emissions ill beavoided by applying pre-aeration and excavation o existing SwDS, olloedby separation and compostingo non-inert materials.
AMS-III.AF.
AMS-III.AF. Avoidance o methane emissions through excavatingand composting o partially decayed municipal solid aste (MSw)
CHDisposl Lndll s Relese
Compostin
Disposl
CH4
Biomss
Lndll s Relese
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Sitch rom high carbon grid electricity to electricity generation using less-carbon-intensive ossil uel such as captive natural-gas-based poer generation.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch to a less-carbon-intensive uel or poer generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisprimarilytheswitchfromfossil-fuel-basedelectricitygeneration,supplied partly or entirely by the grid, to a single, lo-H ossil uel at greeneldor existing acilities;
• Cogeneration(e.g.gasturbinewithheatrecovery)isallowedprovidedthat the emission reductions are claimed only or the electricity output;
• Exportofelectricitytoagridisnotpartoftheprojectboundary;• Projectdoesnotresultinintegratedprocesschange.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicalpowergenerationforexistingbaselineplants;• Quantityoffossilfuelsforexistingbaselineplants;• Gridemissionfactor(alternativemonitored).
Monitored:
• Quantityoffossilfueluse;• Theoutputofelementprocessforelectricityexportedtootherfacilitiesshallbe
monitored in the recipient end.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o carbon-intensive uel to
generate electricity.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o a less-carbon-intensiveuel to generate electricity,hich leads to a decrease inH emissions.
AMS-III.AG.
AMS-III.AG. Sitching rom high carbon intensive grid electricityto lo carbon intensive ossil uel
CO
Power plnt
Electricit
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Grid
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Power plnt
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Consumer
CO
Grid
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Typical project(s) Replacement or retrot in order to increase the share o less-carbon-intensive ossil uelsin an element process o industrial, residential or commercial applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch to less-carbon-intensive uel in energy conversion processes.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Increaseintheshareofless-carbon-intensivefuelotherthanbiomassorwaste gas/energy;
• Onlyenergyeciencyimprovementsrelatedtothefuelswitchareeligible;• Onlyretrotandreplacementswithoutcapacityexpansionand/orintegrated
process change are eligible.
Important parameters At validation:
• Quantityoffossilfueluse;• Theoutputandeciencyofelementprocess(e.g.heatorelectricity);• Availabilityofallbaselinefossilfuels.
Monitored:
• Fossilfuelandenergyinputtotheelementprocess;• Outputoftheelementprocessandexportedtotherecipientend.
BASELINE SCENARIOProduction o energy usingmore-carbon-intensive ossiluel mix.
PROJECT SCENARIOProduction o energy usingless-carbon-intensive ossiluel mix.
COEner Ener
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
CO
Fossil fuel
Ener Ener
Fossil fuelFossil fuel
AMS-III.AH.
AMS-III.AH. Shif rom high carbon intensive uel mix ratio tolo carbon intensive uel mix ratio
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Recovery o sulphuric acid rom ‘spent sulphuric acid’ here the neutralization o spentacid ith hydrated lime or lime stone and the associated CO emissions in the existingacility are avoided.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o neutralization o spent acid and o related H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisanewsulphuricacidrecoveryfacility;• Theconcentrationofthespentsulphuricacidrangesfrom18%w/wto
8% / (eight percentage);
• Specicspentsulphuricacidrecoveryproceduresareapplied.
Important parameters At validation:
• Historicaldataonthequantityofspentsulphuricacidneutralized.
Monitored:
• Quantityandacidityofsulphuricacidrecovered;• Historicenergy(electricity/steam)self-generatedbyaneighbouringfacilitythatwill
be replaced by supply o an equivalent energy by the project;
• Energydisplacedbytheprojectbysupplyofenergytoaneighbouringfacilitythat
displaces an equivalent amount o energy usage in the baseline or supplied to the grid.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe spent sulphuric acid is
neutralized using hydratedlime, leading to CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIONo hydrated lime is used toneutralize the spent sulphuricacid. The associated CO emissionsare avoided.
Production DisposlSpent cid
Lime
Tretment
CO
Recclin
Production
Sulphuric cid
Disposl
Tretment
Lime
Spent cid
CO
AMS-III.AI.
AMS-III.AI. Emission reductions through recovery o spent sulphuric acid
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) HDPE, LDPE and PET plastic materials are recycled rom municipal solid astes (MSw)and processed into intermediate or nished products (e.g. plastic bags).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o production o HDPE, LDPE and PET rom virgin materials, thus reducingrelated energy consumption.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Recyclingprocessmaybeaccomplishedmanuallyand/orusingmechanicalequipment and includes ashing, drying, compaction, shredding and pelletizing;
• Emissionreductionscanonlybeclaimedforthedierenceinenergyusefor the production o HDPE/LDPE/PET products rom virgin inputs versus productionrom recycled material;
• Contractualagreementbetweenrecyclingfacilityandmanufacturingfacility
guarantees that only one o them claims CERs;• Threeyearshistoricaldatashowthatdisplacedvirginmaterialisnotimported
rom an Annex I country;
• MSWsourcesarelocatedwithin200kmoftherecyclingfacility;• ForrecyclingofPET,thechemicalequivalenceoftherecycledPETtothatofPET
made rom virgin input shall be proved.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofeachtypeofrecycledmaterialssoldtoamanufacturingfacility;• Electricityandfossilfuelconsumptionoftherecyclingfacility;• IntrinsicviscosityofPET.
BASELINE SCENARIO
HDPE, LDPE and PET are producedrom virgin ra material resultingin high energy consumption.
PROJECT SCENARIOProduction o HDPE, LDPE andPET based on virgin ra materialis reduced. Use o recycledmaterial results in less energyconsumption.
AMS-III.AJ.
AMS-III.AJ. Recovery and recycling o materialsrom solid astes
CO
HDPE/LDPE/PET
Feedstock
DisposlWste
Fossil fuel
Electricit
HDPE/LDPE/PET Production
HDPE/LDPE/PET
Feedstock
DisposlWste Recclin
HDPE/LDPE/PET
Fossil fuel
Electricit
CO
HDPE/LDPE/PET
Production
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Climate Change
AMS-III.AL.
AMS-III.AL. Conversion rom single cycle to combinedcycle poer generation
Typical project(s) Conversion o an existing single-cycle gas turbine(s) or internal combustion engine(s)ith or ithout cogeneration system to a combined-cycle system ith or ithoutcogeneration to produce additional electricity or captive use and/or supply to a grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Fuel savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectutilizesexcessheat(e.g.gasturbine/engineexhaustheat)thatwaspreviously unused or at least three years beore the start o the project;
• Usefulthermalenergyproducedinthebaselineandprojectisforcaptiveuseonly;• Theprojectdoesnotinvolveanymajoroverhaulstotheexistingsingle-cyclegas
turbine/engine system (no increase o the lietime or capacity o the system).
Important parameters At validation:• Emissionfactorofthegrid(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• Averagenetannualelectricitygenerationoftheexistingsysteminthethreeyears
immediately prior to the project start;
• Averageannualfuelconsumptionoftheexistingsysteminthethreeyearsimmediately prior to the project start.
Monitored:
• Netelectricitygeneratedbytheproject;• Fuelandelectricityconsumedbytheproject;• Netthermalenergyconsumedbytheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Electricity is generated bya single-cycle gas turbine(s)/engine(s) ith or ithoutsimultaneous generation o thermal energy (steam orhot ater).
PROJECT SCENARIOThe existing single-cycle gasturbine(s) is converted to acombined-cycle gas turbine(s)/engine(s) or more ecientelectricity generation ith orithout simultaneous generationo thermal energy (steam orhot ater).
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel Power plnt
Electricit
Grid
CO
CO
Fossil fuel
Uprde
Electricit
Power plnt
CO
Fossil fuel Grid
CO
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AMS-III.AM.
AMS-III.AM. Fossil uel sitch in a cogeneration/trigeneration system
Typical project(s) Fossil uel sitching rom a carbon-intensive ossil uel to a lo-carbon-intensive ossiluel in a ne or existing cogeneration/trigeneration system(e.g. sitching rom coal tonatural gas in a cogeneration/trigeneration unit).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Fuelinputeciency(thermalandelectricityoutput/fuelinput)isbetter(oratleastequal) to the baseline one;
• Specicauxiliaryenergyconsumptiondoesnotchangemorethan+/-10%;• Forexistingcogeneration/trigenerationsystemsatleastthreeyearsofhistoricaldata
prior to the start o the project (one year i less than three years operational history);
• Ifinstallationsofcoolingequipmentuserefrigerants,suchrefrigerantsmusthaveno
or negligible global arming potential (wP) and no or negligible ozone depletingpotential (ODP);
• Theprojectdoesnotimpactanyproductionprocessesorotherlevelofserviceprovided.
Important parameters • Amountofnetelectricityproduced;• Quantityoffossilfuelconsumed;• Thermalenergy(massow,temperature,pressureforheat/cooling)deliveredby
the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o carbon-intensive ossil uelin cogeneration/trigenerationsystem or production o poer/
heat/cooling.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Sitch rom rom carbon-intensive ossil uel to a lo-carbon-intensive ossil uelin cogeneration/trigenerationsystem or productiono poer/heat and cooling.
Het
Electricit
ConsumerCoolinTrienertionFossil fuel
CO
Het
Electricit
ConsumerCoolinTrienertion
CO
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
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Typical project(s) Sitching rom a carbon-intensive ossil uel to either a less-carbon-intensive ossil uelor electricity ith loer carbon intensity.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch to a uel/energy source ith a loer H intensity.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thefuelswitchoccursatamanufacturingfacilitywiththreeyearsofhistoricaldata;• Thetypeofinputsandproductsareequivalent(outputswithsameorbetterservice
level as compared to the baseline);
• Thefuelswitchateachelementmanufacturingprocessisfromasinglefossilfueltoless-carbon-intensive single ossil uel or grid electricity;
• Thefuelswitchdoesnotleadtoadecreaseinenergyeciency;• Elementalprocessorotherdownstream/upstreamprocessesdonotchangeasa
result o the ossil uel sitch.
Important parameters At validation:
• Quantityoffossilfueluseoramountofthegridelectricityconsumed;• Baselinerawmaterialconsumptionandproductoutput.
Monitored:
• Quantityoffossilfueluseoramountofthegridelectricityconsumed;• Theannualnetprojectproductionoftheelementprocessorincaseswhereproduct
output cannot be measured (e.g. hot/used metal) annual net project ra materialconsumption should be monitored.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Continued use o a carbon-intensive ossil uel orthe heat generation in amanuacturing process.
PROJECT SCENARIOSitch o uel to a less-carbon-intensive uel or lo-carbon gridelectricity or the heat generationin a manuacturing process.
Fossil fuel
CO
Het
Het
Production
Het
Het
Production
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
CO
AMS-III.AN.
AMS-III.AN. Fossil uel sitch in existing manuacturing industries
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Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project activity is the controlled biological treatment o biomass or other organicmatters through anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped ith biogas recoveryand a combustion/aring system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Methane ormation avoidance.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifforoneormoresourcesofsubstrates,itcannotbedemonstratedthattheorganicmatter ould otherise been lef to decay anaerobically, baseline emissions relatedto such organic matter shall be accounted or as zero;
• Projectactivitiestreatinganimalmanureassinglesourcesubstrateshallapply AMS-III.D, similarly projects only treating asteater and/or sludge generated inthe asteater treatment orks shall apply AMS-III.H;
• Theprojectactivitydoesnotrecoverorcombustlandllgasfromthedisposalsite(unlike AMS-III.), and does not undertake controlled combustion o the aste thatis not treated biologically in a rst step (unlike AMS-III.E).
Important parameters At validation:
• Thelocationandcharacteristicsofthedisposalsiteofthebiomassusedfordigestion, in the baseline condition.
Monitored:
• Quantityofsolidwaste(excludingmanure);• Parametersforcalculatingmethaneemissionsfromphysicalleakageofmethane;• Parametersrelatedtoemissionsfromelectricityand/orfuelconsumption.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiomass or other organic matterould have otherise been lefto decay anaerobically.
PROJECT SCENARIOBiological treatment o biomassor other organic mattersthrough anaerobic digestionin closed reactors equippedith biogas recovery anda combustion/aring system
Wste
Biomss
Disposl CHBios Relese
Disposl CHGs Relese
Wste
Bios EnerFlrin
Biomss
Diester
AMS-III.AO.
AMS-III.AO. Methane recovery throughcontrolled anaerobic digestion
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Typical project(s) Demand side activities associated ith the installation o post-t type Idling Stop devicesin passenger vehicles used or public transport (e.g. buses).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Reduction o ossil uel use and corresponding emissions through energy eciencyimprovements.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Vehiclesusedforpublictransportation;• Vehiclesusinggasolineorpetrodieselasfuel;• Vehiclesinwhichitispossibletoinstallpost-tIdlingStopdevice.
Important parameters Monitored:
• CumulativeIdlingPeriodofallvehiclesoftypeiinyeary;
• TotalnumberoftimesofIdlingStopofvehicleiintheyeary.
BASELINE SCENARIOVehicles used or publictransportation continue idling.
PROJECT SCENARIOVehicles used or publictransportation using a post-ttype Idling Stop device thatill turn o the vehicle engineand prevent idling.
COBusFossil fuel
Bus CO
Uprde
Fossil fuel
AMS-III.AP.
AMS-III.AP. Transport energy eciency activities using post –t Idling Stop device
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Typical project(s) Production o Biogenic Compressed Natural as (Bio-CN) rom reneable biomassand use in transportation applications. The Bio-CN is derived rom various sources suchas biomass rom dedicated plantations; aste ater treatment; manure management;biomass residues.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Bio-CNGisusedinCompressedNaturalGas(CNG)vehicles,modied gasoline vehicles. Diesel vehicles are not included;
• MethanecontentoftheBio-CNGmeetsrelevantnationalregulationsora minimum o 9 % (by volume);
• ConditionsapplyifthefeedstockforproductionoftheBio-CNGisderived
rom dedicated plantation;• ExportofBio-CNGisnotallowed;• OnlytheproduceroftheBio-CNGcanclaimemissionreductions.
Important parameters At validation:
• Determinefractionofgasoline(onmassbasis)intheblendwherenationalregulations require mandatory blending o the uels ith biouels;
• Amountofgasolineconsumptioninthebaselinevehiclesexante.
Monitored:
• AmountofBio-CNGproduced/distributed/sold/consumeddirectlytoretailers, lling stations;
• Parametersforcalculatingmethaneemissionsfromphysicalleakageofmethane;
• Parametersfordeterminingprojectemissionsfromrenewablebiomasscultivation.
BASELINE SCENARIOasoline or CN are used inthe baseline vehicles.
PROJECT SCENARIOOnly Bio-CN are used in theproject vehicles.
COFossil fuel
Cr
Trnsport
CO
Fossil fuel
Uprde
Cr
Trnsport
Biomss
Production
Ariculture
Bios
AMS-III.AQ.
AMS-III.AQ. Introduction o Bio-CN in transportation applications
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Typical project(s) Activities that replace portable ossil uel based lamps (e.g. ick-based kerosene lanterns)ith LED based lighting systems in residential and non-residential applications (e.g.ambient lights, task lights, portable lights).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableenergyandEnergyeeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive service (lighting).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectlampswhosebatteriesarechargedusingoneofthefollowingoptions:(a) Charged by reneable energy system (e.g. photovoltaic systems or mechanical
systems such as ind battery chargers);(b) Charged by a standalone distributed generation system (e.g. a diesel generator
set) or a mini-grid;(c) Charged by a grid that is connected to regional/national grid;
• Projectlampsshallbecertiedbytheirmanufacturertohavearatedaveragelife o at least 5, hours. The project lamps battery charging eciency, at the timeo purchase, is at least 5 %;
• ProjectLampsshallhaveaminimumofoneyearwarranty;• Thereplacedbaselinelampsareonlythosedirectlyconsumingfossilfuel;• Theprojectactivityshallrestrictthenumberofprojectlampsdistributedthrough
the project activity to no more than ve per household (or residential applications)or per business location (e.g. or commercial applications such as shops).
Important parameters Monitored:
• Recordingofprojectlampdistributiondata;• Insomecasesexpostmonitoringsurveystodeterminepercentageofprojectlamps
distributed to end users that are operating and in service in year y.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o ossil uel based lamps.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o LED based lightingsystems.
CO
Fossil fuel
Lihtin
CO
Grid
Power plnt
Renewble
Electricit
Uprde
Fossil fuel
Lihtin
AMS-III.AR.
AMS-III.AR. Substituting ossil uel based lightingith LED lighting systems
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Typical project(s) Activities or uel sitching (complete or partial) rom the use o carbon intensive energysource (or a mix o energy sources) o ossil origin to reneable biomass or a mix o reneable biomass and ossil uel in existing manuacturing acilities (e.g. steel, ceramics,aluminium, lime, clinker production).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• FuelSwitch.Complete or partial sitch rom ossil uel to biomass in non-energy applications.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theswitchoccursatamanufacturingfacilitywiththreeyearsofhistoricaldata;• Thetypeofinputsandproductsareequivalent(outputswithsameorbetter
service level as compared to the baseline);
• Cropsfromrenewablebiomassoriginarecultivatedonanareawhichisclassiedas degraded or degrading as per the “Tool or the identication o degraded or
degrading lands or consideration in implementing CDM A/R project activities”or on an area included in the project boundary o one or several registered A/RCDM project activities. Plantations established on peatlands are not eligible;
• Syngasderivedfromrenewableenergysourceiseligible;• Renewablebiomassutilizedbytheprojectactivityshallnotbechemicallyprocessed.
Important parameters At validation:
• Quantityoffossilfueluse;• Baselinerawmaterialconsumptionandproductoutput.
Monitored:
• Theannualproductionoutputoftheprocessorincaseswhereproductoutput can not be measured annual net project ra materials consumption;
• Netquantityofbiomass;• Quantityoffossilfueloramountofelectricityconsumed;• Netcaloricvalue/Moisturecontentofbiomass.
BASELINE SCENARIOUse o ossil in manuacturingproduction process.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o reneable biomass ormix o biomass/ossil uel inmanuacturing productionprocess.
CO
Fossil fuel
Het
Het
Production
CO
Het
Het
Production
Biomss
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuel
AMS-III.AS.
AMS-III.AS. Sitch rom ossil uel to biomass in existingmanuacturing acilities or non-energy applications
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Typical project(s) Project activities that install digital tachograph systems in reight vehicles operating ona number o identied traceable routes.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Reduction o ossil uel use and corresponding emissions through energy eciencyimprovements.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thismethodologyappliestofreighttruckeetsthatarecentrallycontrolled and managed by a single entity;
• Theprojectactivityisunlikelytochangethelevelofserviceprovidedbefore the project activity;
• Theprojectactivitydoesnotinvolveafuelswitchinexistingvehicles;• Thismethodologyisnotapplicabletoprojectactivitiesinlocationswherethe
installation o digital tachograph systems is mandatory by la;• Project participants shall identiy the traceable routes along hich the vehicles operate,
the characteristics o those routes, the level o service on each route, the vehiclesthat are in use on each traceable route beore and afer project implementation.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Totaldistancetravelledbyeachvehicle;• Thetrucksareidentiedbasedontheage,characteristicsandloadcapacityand
availability o historical data;
• Annualaveragedistanceoftransportationpertonneoffreightbyeachprojectvehicle;• Consumptionoffuelbyvehicle;• Totalannualgoodstransportedbyeachprojectvehicle;• Annualmonitoringtocheckiftachographsystemshavebecomeamandatorypractice,
or that highly-enorced anti-idling policies or legislation have been put into place;• Monitoringtoensurethatalltachographandfeedbacksystemsareoperating
correctly and have not been disabled.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel consumption dueto inecient driving.
PROJECT SCENARIOA digital tachograph systemreduces ossil uel consumptionin reight transport by providingto the driver eedback againstinecient driving, and thusencouraging ecient driverbehaviour hich results inimproved vehicle uel eciency.
COFossil fuel Trnsport
Fossil fuel CO
Uprde
Trnsport
AMS-III.AT.
AMS-III.AT. Transportation energy eciency activities installing digitaltachograph systems to commercial reight transport eets
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Typical project(s) The olloing project activities are included:a) Rice arms that change the ater regime during the cultivation period rom
continuously to intermittent ooded conditions and/or a shortened period o oodedconditions;
b) Alternate etting and drying method and aerobic rice cultivation methods; andc) Rice arms that change their rice cultivation practice rom transplanted to direct
seeded rice.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Reduced anaerobic decomposition o organic matter in rice cropping soils.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Ricecultivationintheprojectareaispredominantlycharacterizedbyirrigated, ooded elds or an extended period o time during the groing season;
• Theprojectriceeldsareequippedwithcontrolledirrigationanddrainagefacilities;• Theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoadecreaseinriceyield.Likewise,itdoesnot
require the arm to sitch to a cultivar that has not been gron beore;
• Trainingandtechnicalsupportduringthecroppingseasonispartoftheprojectactivity;• Theintroducedcultivationpractice,includingthespeciccultivationelements,
technologies and use o crop protection products, is not subject to any localregulatory restrictions;
• ProjectproponentshaveaccesstoinfrastructuretomeasureCHemissionsfromreerence elds using closed chamber method and laboratory analysis.
Important parameters Monitored:
• BaselineEmissionFactor(kgCH/haperseason);• ProjectEmissionFactor(kgCH/haperseason);
• Aggregatedprojectareainagivenseason;• Monitoringoffarmers’compliancewithprojectcultivationpractice.
BASELINE SCENARIOeneration o methane due toanaerobic decomposition o organic matter in rice croppingsoils.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane ormation avoidance,or example, by changingthe ater regime duringthe cultivation period romcontinuously to intermittentooded conditions and/or ashortened period o oodedconditions.
CHReleseRice eld
Uprde
CHMnement ReleseRice eld
AMS-III.AU.
AMS-III.AU. Methane emission reduction by adjustedater management practice in rice cultivation
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Typical project(s) Project activities that introduce lo H emitting ater purication systems todisplace ater boiling using non-reneable biomass or ossil uels.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
Displacement o a more-H-intensive output.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Priortotheimplementationoftheprojectactivity,apublicdistributionnetworkofsafedrinking ater does not exist ithin the total project area (or part o the project area);
• Theapplicationoftheprojecttechnology/equipmentshallachievecompliance ith drinking ater quality standards/guidelines;
• Forprojecttechnology/equipmentwithlifespanshorterthanthecreditingperiod o project activity documented measures to ensure the replacement o thepurication system ith one ith comparable quality shall be put in place;
• Forprojectactivitiesinruralorurbanareaswherethetotalamountofpuriedwaterunder the project is eligible to claim credits, it shall be demonstrated that equal toor less than % o rural population uses an improved drinking ater source.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Checkingofappliancestoensurethattheyarestilloperatingorarereplacedby an equivalent;
• Quantityofpuriedwater;• Annualcheckifapublicdistributionnetworkisinstalled;• Totalprojectpopulation;• Waterquality;• Totalelectricityandfossilfuelconsumptionbytheprojectactivity.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel/non-reneablebiomass consumption orater boiling as a mean orater purication.
PROJECT SCENARIOLo greenhouse gas emittingater purication system ensuressae drinking ater supply.
Fossil fuel
Biomss
Wter
Drinkin wterBoilin
Het
CO
Consumer
Fossil fuel
Renewble
Biomss
Het
CO
CO
Puriction
Boilin
Wter Drinkin wter Consumer
AMS-III.AV.
AMS-III.AV. Lo greenhouse gas emittingater purication technologies
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Chaptername Xxxzz, Sample Text
Secont Line Lorem Ipsum Dolore
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
METHODOLOGIESFOR AFFORESATIONAND REFORESTATION
(A/R) CDM PROJECTACTIVITIES
Chapter III
CDM Methodology Booklet
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The following conditions and information are relevant
for all A/R methodologies and are applicable in addition
to the conditions listed in the methodology summaries:
• Vegetation cover on the land eligible for project
must have been below the forest threshold5
on 31 December 1989. This needs to be proven
(e.g. using satellite image or participatory rural
appraisal (PRA));
• No tree vegetation is expected to emerge
without human intervention to form a forest
on the project land;
• Project start date must be January 1, 2000 or later.
• In absence of the project, carbon stocks of the
carbon pools not considered in the project are
expected to decrease or increase less relative
to the project scenario.
A/R CDM projects result in t-CERs and l-CERs.
A/R methodologies can be distinguished as large-scale
and small-scale. Small-scale A/R methodologies provide
simplied approaches for project setup and monitoring.
Small-scale A/R projects must full the following
conditions:
(1) Net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks must
be less than 16,000 tonnes of CO2 per year; and
(2) The projects must be developed or implemented
by low-income communities and individuals as
determined by the host Party.
If an A/R CDM project activity does not meet these criteria
a large scale methodology has to be applied.
3.1. introduCtion to
methodologies for a/r
Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
5 The host country determines the forest denition which lies within the following thresholds:A single minimum tree crown cover value between 10 and 30%; and a single minimum landarea value between 0.05 and 1 hectare; and a single minimum tree height value between2 and 5 metres
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A short description of selected methodological tools
relevant to A/R methodologies can be found below.
ComBined tool to identify the Baseline sCenario and
demonstrate additionality in a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool provides a step-wise approach to identify
the baseline scenario and simultaneously demonstrate
additionality. These steps include:
Step 0 Preliminary screening based on the starting
date of the A/R project;
Step 1 Identication of alternative land use scenarios;
Step 2 Barrier analysis;
Step 3 Investment analysis (if needed);
Step 4 Identication of the baseline scenario;
Step 5 Common practice analysis.
This tool is not applicable to small scale project activities.
tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality
in a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool provides a step-wise approach to demonstrate
and assess the additionality of a A/R CDM project.
The procedure is also based on ve steps, however in
a different order:
Step 0 Preliminary screening based on the starting
date of the A/R CDM project;
Step 1 Identication of alternative land use scenarios;
Step 2 Investment analysis;
Step 3 Barriers analysis; and
Step 4 Common practice analysis.
This tool is not applicable to small scale project activities.
CalCulation of the numBer of samPle Plots for
measurements within a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool can be used for calculation of number of sample
plots required for estimation of biomass stocks fromsampling based measurements in the baseline and project
scenarios of an A/R CDM project activity.
The tool calculates the number of required sample plots
on the basis of the specied targeted precision for biomass
stocks to be estimated.
tool for testing signifiCanCe of ghg emissions in
a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool facilitates the determination of signicance
for GHG emissions by sources, decreases in carbon pools,
or leakage emissions for a particular A/R CDM project.
It is used to:
(1) Determine which decreases in carbon pools, and
increases in emissions of the greenhouse gases that
result from the implementation of the A/R project,
are insignicant and can be neglected;
(2) Ensure that it is valid to neglect decreases in carbon
pools and increases in GHG emissions by sources
stated as being insignicant in the applicability conditions of an A/R CDM methodology.
ProCedure to determine when aCCounting of the soil
organiC CarBon Pool may Be Conservatively negleCted
in a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool provides guidelines and criteria to determine
when accounting of the soil organic carbon pool may be
conservatively neglected in A/R CDM projects. Where
availability of evidence on change in the soil organic
carbon pool under land use or land-use change remains
limited, a conservative approach has been adopted.
3.2. methodologiCal
tools for a/r Cdm
ProJeCt aCtivities
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Methodoloicl Tools or Aoresttion nd Reoresttion
(A/R) CDM Project Activities nd Smll Scle A/R Cdm Project Activities
The tool is applicable to those land areas within the
project boundary that meet the following conditions:
(1) The areas does not include organic soils
(e.g. peatlands), or wetlands;(2) The rate of loss of carbon stocks in mineral soils
due to erosion within the project boundary shall
not be permanently increased above baseline rates
by the A/R CDM project;
(3) Fine litter (small twigs, bark and leaves) shall remain
on site.
estimation of the inCrease in ghg emissions attriButaBle
to disPlaCement of Pre-ProJeCt agriCultural aCtivities
in a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivity
This tool is applicable for estimating the increase of GHG
emissions attributable to the displacement of pre-project
agricultural activities due to implementation of an A/R CDM
project activity, which can not be considered insignicant
according to the most recent: (i) “Guidelines on conditions
under which increase in GHG emissions attributable to
displacement of pre-project crop cultivation activities in A/R
CDM project activity is insignicant, (ii) “Guidelines on
conditions under which increase in GHG emissions related to
displacement of pre-project grazing activities in A/R CDM
project activity is insignicant”.
For the purpose of this tool, the following denitions apply:
(1) Agricultural activities. Human induced activities
consisting of crop cultivation activities and grazing
activities.
(2) Crop cultivation activities. Cultivation of land aimed
at vegetation control for producing e.g. food, feed,
forage, ber and oilseed crops, includes harvesting
of the produced crops.
(3) Grazing activities. The human induced system of
management of land in order to allow for livestock
production.
(4) Displacement of agricultural activities. The relocation
of the agricultural activities from areas of land
located within the project boundary to areas of land
located outside the project boundary.
estimation of CarBon stoCks and Change in CarBon stoCks
in dead wood and litter in a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool can be used for ex post estimation of carbon
stocks and change in carbon stocks in dead woodand/or litter in the baseline and project scenarios of
an A/R CDM project activity.
This tool makes the following assumptions:
(a) Linearity of change of biomass in dead wood and
litter over a period of time Change of biomass in
dead wood and litter may be assumed to proceed,
on average, at an approximately constant rate
between two points of time at which the biomass
is estimated.
(b) Appropriateness of root-shoot ratios Root-shoot
ratios appropriate for estimation of below-ground
biomass from aboveground biomass of living trees
are also appropriate for dead trees.
tool for the identifiCation of degraded or degrading lands
for Consideration in imPlementing a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
It provides a procedure for the identication of degraded
or degrading lands (based on documented evidenceof degradation) for the purpose of application of A/R
CDM methodologies. The denitions of degraded and
degrading lands are meant to be applied exclusively in
the context of A/R CDM project activities; therefore, they
may not necessarily be consistent with other uses of the
terms in other contexts.
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Methodoloicl Tools or Aoresttion nd Reoresttion
(A/R) CDM Project Activities nd Smll Scle A/R Cdm Project Activities
estimation of CarBon stoCks and Change in CarBon stoCks
of trees and shruBs in a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool can be used for estimation of carbon stocks
and change in carbon stocks of trees and shrubs in thebaseline and project scenarios of an A/R CDM project
activity. This tool has no specic internal applicability
conditions.
tool for estimation of Change in soil organiC CarBon stoCks
due to the imPlementation of a/r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
This tool estimates the change, occurring in a given year,
in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of land within the
boundary of an A/R CDM project.
This tool is applicable when the areas of land, the baseline
scenario, and the project activity meet the following
conditions:
(a) The areas of land to which this tool is applied:
(i) Do not fall into wetland1 category; or
(ii) Do not contain organic soils as dened
in “Annex A: glossary” of the IPCC GPG
LULUCF 2003;
(iii) Are not subject to any of the landmanagement practices and application of
inputs as listed in the Tables 1 and 2;
(b) The A/R CDM project activity meets the following
conditions:
(i) Litter remains on site and is not removed in
the A/R CDM project activity; and(ii) Soil disturbance attributable to the A/R CDM
project activity, if any, is:
• In accordance with appropriate soil
conservation practices, e.g.
follows the land contours;
• Limited to soil disturbance for site
preparation before planting and
such disturbance is not repeated
in less than twenty years.
estimation of non-Co2 ghg emissions resulting from Burning of
Biomass attriButaBle to an a /r Cdm ProJeCt aCtivity
This tool can be used for estimation of non-CO2 GHG
emissions resulting from burning of biomass when re
is used for site preparation and/or to clear the land of
harvest residue prior to replanting of the land.
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CDM Methodology Booklet
.. METHODOLOIES
FOR LARE SCALE A/R
CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Chapter III
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, deadood, litter, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Noleakage:theprojectdoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ex-anteestimatesforcarbonstockchangesinallpoolsandforallstrataand
species or species groups;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith
volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction oreach included tree species or species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtreesandshrubs;• Diameterandnumberofsamplepiecesofdeadwood,weight(dryandwet)
o litter samples, soil organic content, soil bulk density, soil depth;
• Areaandbiomasssubjecttoburning.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Lands are degraded.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Derded
Biomss
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest BiomssPlntin
AR-AM0002
AR-AM0002 Restoration o degraded landsthrough aorestation/reorestation
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded agricultural lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Sitepreparationdoesnotcausesignicantlong-termnetdecreasesinsoil carbon stocks or increase in non-CO emissions rom soil;
• TheA/RCDMprojectactivityisimplementedonlandwheretherearenoother on-going or planned aorestation/reorestation activities.
Important parameters At validation:• Ex-anteestimatesforpre-projectcarbonstocksinbiomass;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolume
equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Numberandbiomassconsumptionofgrazinganimals(includingdisplacedanimals)
as ell as volume o uelood collected in project area (both also at validation);
• Areaandbiomasssubjecttoburning.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Derded
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest BiomssPlntin
AR-AM0004
AR-AM0004 Reorestation or aorestationo land currently under agricultural use
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AR-AM0005
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded grasslands or industrial and/or commercial uses.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedgrasslandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegraded or to be partly aorested and/or reorested at a rate observed in theperiods prior to the A/R CDM project activity;
• Soilworkingdoesnotleadtonetreductioninsoilorganiccontents;• Rootsoftheharvestedtreesshallnotberemovedfromthesoil;• Ifatleastapartoftheprojectactivityisimplementedonorganicsoils,drainage
o these soils is not alloed and not more than % o their area may be disturbed
as result o soil preparation or planting.
Important parameters At validation:
• Areaofpre-projectA/R,standdensity(i.e.treesperhectare)andvolume;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolume
equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or eachincluded carbon pool and tree species or species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Areasandbiomasssubjecttoburning;• Area,numberandtypeofgrazinganimalsdisplaced(alsoatvalidation).
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded grasslands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
AR-AM0005 Aorestation and reorestation project activitiesimplemented or industrial and/or commercial uses
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Derded
Grsslnd
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest BiomssPlntin
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AR-AM0006
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded lands potentially ith inter-cropping beteen trees.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Landstobeaorestedorreforesteddonotcontainorganicsoilsanddonotfall into etland “wetlands”, “settlements”, “cropland” and “grassland” are landcategories as dened in the ood Practice uidance or Land Use, Land-use Changeand Forestry (IPCC, ). category;
• Carbonstocksinlitteranddeadwoodcanbeexpectedtodecreasemoreorincrease
less in the absence o the project activity, relative to the project scenario;• Theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtodisplacementofpre-projectactivitiesoutside
the project boundary, or the increase in H emissions due to displacement o pre-project activities is insignicant.
Important parameters At validation:
• Ex-anteestimatesforpre-projectcarbonstocksinbiomassandsoilorganiccarbon;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith
volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or treespecies/species group and planted non-tree oody vegetation (shrubs).
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;
• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtreesandshrubs;• Areasubjectedtobiomassburning.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded and there isno animal grazing on lands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.Animal grazing is not alloed.
AR-AM0006 Aorestation/reorestation ith treessupported by shrubs on degraded land
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Derded
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Biomss
Plntin
Grzin
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AR-AM0007
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o agricultural and pastoral lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally deadood, litter and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsfollowingaperiodofdecreasingintensity o agricultural and pastoral activities and the trend o decrease is expectedto continue in absence o the project;
• Soilworkingdoesnotleadtonetreductioninsoilorganiccontents;• Thepre-projectcrowncoveroftreeswithintheprojectboundaryislessthan20%
o the threshold or cron cover reported to the EB by the host Party;
• Noleakage:theprojectdoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutsidethe
project boundary; agricultural and pastoral activities are stopped at project start.
Important parameters At validation:
• Pre-projecttreestanddensity(i.e.treesperhectare)andvolume;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith
volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic wood density, and carbon raction oreach included tree species or species group and optionally or planted non-treewoody vegetation (shrubs).
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtreesandoptionallyshrubs;• Ifpoolsareincluded:diameterandnumberofsamplepiecesofdeadwood,
eight (dry and et) o litter samples;• Areaandbiomasssubjecttoburning.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded agriculturalor grasslands ith decreasingintensity o agricultural or grazingactivities.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.Animal grazing is not alloed.
AR-AM0007 Aorestation and reorestation o landcurrently under agricultural or pastoral use
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
BiomssGrss lnd A ric ulture
Derded
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest BiomssPlntin
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AR-AM0009
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded grasslands potentially with silvopastoral activities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally deadood, litter and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedgrasslandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegraded ithout human intervention;
• Sitepreparationandprojectmanagementpracticesdonotinvolvebiomassburning;• Manurefrompastureandrangegrazinganimalsshallnotbecollected,stored
or burned;
• Ploughing/ripping/scaricationassociatedwithsitepreparationforplanting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion o natural seed sources, shall not
exceed % o the project area (during each occasion);• Noleakage:theprojectdoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside
the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Pre-projecttreestanddensity(i.e.treesperhectare)andvolume;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolume
equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or each included or
tree species/species group and optionally or planted non-tree oody vegetation (shrubs).
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheight,ofplantedtreesandoptionallyshrubs;
• Ifpoolsareincluded:diameterandnumberofsamplepiecesofdeadwood,weight(dry and et) o litter samples.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded grasslands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
AR-AM0009 Aorestation or reorestation ondegraded land alloing or silvopastoral activities
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Derded
Grsslnd
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o land containing polyculture, possibly including perennialtree crops and/or allo periods ith oody regroth.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedonlandsubjectedtopolyculturesinwhichthefallowpart o the cycle is completed and all the existing vegetation present on the parcelsis expected to be cleared or the next production cycle;
• Theprojectisnotimplementedongrasslandsororganicsoils.
Important parameters At validation:
• Annualincrement,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction ortree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Areaandbiomasssubjecttoburning;• Areausedforagriculturalactivitiesdisplacedbyprojectactivity(alsoatvalidation).
BASELINE SCENARIOLand is polyculture agriculturalland. rassland is not alloed.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on part o the polyculture lands; others arecovered by polyculture crops.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Forest
Grsslnd
Ariculture
Ar. ctivit
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
BiomssPlntinForest
AR-AM0011
AR-AM0011 Aorestation and reorestationo land subject to polyculture arming
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Typical project(s) Aorestation or reorestation o degraded agricultural lands or abandonedagricultural lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theareadoesnotincludeorganicsoils(e.g.peat-lands)orwetlands;• Cropscultivated,ifany,arenon-perennialcrops;• Abandonedagriculturallandsareexpectedtoevolveintoshrublands;• Thepre-projecttreeshavenopotentialtoreachacrowncoverofmorethan20%
o the threshold tree cron cover reported or CDM denition o orest;
• Theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtodisplacementofpre-projectactivitiesoutside
the project boundary, or the increase in H emissions due to displacement o pre-project activities is insignicant.
Important parameters At validation:
• Pre-projecttreestanddensity(i.e.treesperhectare)orvolumeorbiomass;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactors,root-shoot
ratios, ood density and carbon raction or each included tree species/species groupand optionally or planted non-tree oody vegetation (shrubs).
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheight,ofplantedtreesandoptionallyshrubs.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are either being cultivatedor have been abandoned andare being encroached upon byshrubs. Trees are very e.
PROJECT SCENARIOLands have been turned intoorest.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Derded
Biomss
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
AR-AM0012
AR-AM0012 Aorestation or reorestation o degraded orabandoned agricultural lands
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Typical project(s) Aorestion and reorestation o lands other than etlands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
H removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo ground biomass, and optionally: deadood, litter, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thelandsubjecttotheprojectactivitydoesnotfallintowetlandcategory (as dened in “Annex A: lossary” o the IPCC P LULUCF );
• SoildisturbanceattributabletotheA/RCDMprojectactivitydoesnotexceed10% o area in each o the olloing types o land, hen these lands are included ithinthe project boundary:(a) Land containing organic soils as dened in “Annex A: lossary” o the
IPCC P LULUCF ;(b) Land hich, in the baseline, is subjected to land-use and management
practices and receives inputs listed in the methodology (e.g. ertilizers);• Thepoolsselectedforaccountingofcarbonstockchangesintheprojectactivity
are the same as the pools or accounting o carbon stock changes in the baseline.
Important parameters • Areaforested(byspecies);areaofsampleplots;• Diameter,andpossiblyheight,ofplantedtrees;• Optionally:diameterofpiecesofdeadwood,litterbiomassperunitarea.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands may or may not bedegraded; lands may contain ae trees but are not orested;some signs o human activities
are visible, e.g. ood collection.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Forests are standing on lands;some dead ood is also visible.Land is more densely ooded(e.g. grass/litter can be seen onthe ground) compared to thebaseline scenario. The same signso human activities (as under thebaseline) are visible, e.g. oodcollection.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Derded
Biomss
Forest
Settlement A ric ulture
Grsslnd
Wetlnd
BiomssPlntin
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Settlement
Ariculture
Grsslnd
AR-AM0013
AR-AM0013 Aorestation and reorestation o landsother than etlands
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded mangrove habitats.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
H removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally: deadood and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thelandsubjecttotheprojectactivityisdegradedmangrovehabitat;• Ifmorethan10%oftheprojectareaisplantedwithnon-mangrovespeciesthenthe
project activity does not include any alteration o the hydrology o the project area;
• Ifatleast90%oftheprojectareaisplantedwithmangrovespeciesthentheprojectactivity may include alteration o hydrology o the project area;
• SoildisturbanceattributabletotheA/RCDMprojectactivityshallnotexceed10% o the project area;
• Thelandswereabandonedatleasttwoyearsbeforethestartoftheprojectactivity,
or pre-project activities ould be discontinued in the absence o the A/R CDM projectactivity.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies);areaofsampleplots;• Diameter,andpossiblyheight,ofplantedtrees;• Optionally:diameterofpiecesofdeadwood.
BASELINE SCENARIOMangrove habitat (etland) isdegraded but contains a emangrove trees o very poorquality, some signs o human
activities are visible, e.g. uelood collection.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Mangrove orests are standingon lands. The same signs o human activities (as under thebaseline) are visible, e.g. uelood collection.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Derded
Biomss
Mnrove
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Mnrove BiomssPlntin
AR-AM0014
AR-AM0014 Aorestation and reorestation o degradedmangrove habitats
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally deadood, litter, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor to continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Ifatleastapartoftheprojectactivityisimplementedonorganicsoils,drainageofthese soils is not alloed and not more than % o their area may be disturbed asresult o soil preparation or planting;
• Thelanddoesnotfallintowetlandcategory;• LittershallremainonsiteandnotberemovedintheA/RCDMprojectactivity;
• Ploughing/ripping/scaricationattributabletotheA/RCDMprojectactivity,ifany,is (i) Done in accordance ith appropriate soil conservation practices, e.g. ollos
the land contours;(ii) Limited to the rst ve years rom the year o initial site preparation;(iii) Not repeated, i at all, ithin a period o years.
Important parameters At validation:
• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction ortree species/species group;
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;
• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Ifpoolsareincluded:diameterandnumberofsamplepiecesofdeadwood,
eight o litter samples;
• Areaandbiomasssubjecttoburning.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Derded
Biomss
Forest Wetlnd
BiomssPlntin
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Wetlnd
AR-ACM0001
AR-ACM0001 Aorestation and reorestationo degraded land
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3.. METHODOLOIES
FOR SMALL SCALE A/R
CDM PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Chapter III
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o grasslands or croplands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground and beloground tree and oody perennials biomass, and belo-ground biomass o grasslands.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedongrasslandsorcroplands;• Theareaofthecroplandwithintheprojectboundarydisplacedduetotheproject
activity is less than 5 per cent o the total project area;
• Thenumberofdisplacedgrazinganimalsislessthan50percentoftheaveragegrazing capacity o the project area;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhere≤10%ofthetotalsurfaceprojectarea is disturbed as result o soil preparation or planting.
Important parameters At validation:
• Annualincrement,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction ortree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,number,andpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Areausedforagriculturalactivitiesandnumberofdomesticatedgrazinganimals
displaced by project activity (both also at validation).
BASELINE SCENARIO
Lands are grasslands oragricultural land.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Grsslnd
Forest
Ariculture
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
AR-AMS0001
AR-AMS0001 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologiesor small-scale A/R CDM project activities implemented on grasslandsor croplands ith limited displacement o pre-project activities
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o settlement lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedonsettlementlands,e.g.landsalongroads,powerlines,pipelines, aterays, or lands under urban or rural amenities such as gardens,elds, parks, etc;
• Theareasusedforagriculturalactivitieswithintheprojectboundary,anddisplaceddue to the project activity, are less than 5 per cent o the total project area;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhere≤10%ofthetotalsurfaceprojectarea is disturbed as result o soil preparation or planting.
Important parameters At validation:
• Annualincrement,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction ortree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Areausedforagriculturalactivitiesdisplacedbyprojectactivity(alsoatvalidation).
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are settlement lands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Forest
Settlement
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
AR-AMS0002
AR-AMS0002 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologiesor small-scale aorestation and reorestation project activities underthe CDM implemented on settlements
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AR-AMS0003
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o etlands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedwetlands,whichmaybesubjecttofurtherdegradation and have tree and/or non tree component that is declining or in a locarbon steady-state;
• Theprojectisrestrictedtodegradedintertidalwetlands,undraineddegradedpeatsamps, degraded ood plain areas on inorganic soils, and seasonally oodedareas on the margin o ater bodies/reservoirs;
• Theprojectareadoesnotincludewetlandswherethepredominantvegetation
comprises o herbaceous species in its natural state;• Directmeasuresshallnotleadtochangesinhydrologyofland(e.g.nodrainage,
ooding, digging or ditch blocking);
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhereinthepre-projectsituation,areasused or agricultural activities (other than grazing) ithin the project boundary arenot greater than % o the total project area;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswheredisplacementofgrazinganimalsdoes not result in leakage;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhere<1 0%ofthetotalsurfaceprojectarea is disturbed as result o soil preparation or planting. Hoever, in project areasith organic soils, site preparation activities such as ploughing and drainage beoreor afer the trees are planted are not alloed.
Important parameters At validation:• Annualincrement,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith
volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction ortree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees;• Areausedforagriculturalactivitiesaswellasfuelwoodvolumedisplacedbyproject
activity (both also at validation).
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded etlands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on theetlands.
AR-AMS0003 Simplied baseline and monitoringmethodology or small scale CDM aorestation andreorestation project activities implemented on etlands
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
BiomssForestDerded Wetlnd
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
BiomssForest PlntinWetlnd
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o lands or agroorestry activities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisnotimplementedongrasslands;• Theprojectleadstoestablishmentofforestandallowsforcontinuationor
introduction o a cropping regime;
• Implementationoftheprojectdoesnotleadtomorethan20%decreaseinthe pre-project area o cultivated crops;
• Noleakage:theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolumeequations,root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are agricultural land.rasslands are not alloed.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands,ith agricultural intercropping.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Forest
Ariculture
Grsslnd
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Biomss
Plntin
Ar. ctivit
AR-AMS0004
AR-AMS0004 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale agroorestry – aorestation and reorestationproject activities under the clean development mechanism
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o lands having lo inherent potential to support living biomass.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonareashavinglowinherentpotentialtosupport living biomass ithout human intervention, i.e. sand dunes, bare lands,contaminated or mine spoils lands, or highly alkaline or saline soils;
• Noleakage:theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolumeequations,root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded; bare, sanddunes, contaminated or minespoils lands, or highly alkalineor saline soils ith lo biomasscontent.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Forests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest
Contminted Alkline/Sline
Derded
Snd dunes
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
AR-AMS0005
AR-AMS0005 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale aorestation and reorestation project activitiesunder the clean development mechanism implemented on landshaving lo inherent potential to support living biomass
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded land or silvopastoral activities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
H removal by sinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedcroplandsorgrasslandssubjectedtograzing activities;
• Theprojectleadstoestablishmentofforestinasilvopastoralsystem;• Thepre-projectcrowncoveroftreeswithintheprojectboundaryislessthan
% o the threshold or cron cover reported to the EB by the host Party;
• Noleakage:theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolumeequations,root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,numberandpossiblyheightofplantedtrees.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded agriculturallands or grasslands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.Project activities include animalgrazing.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
BiomssGrss lnd A ric ulture
Derded
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Biomss
Plntin
Grzin
AR-AMS0006
AR-AMS0006 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale silvopastoral – aorestation and reorestationproject activities under the clean development mechanism
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Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded croplands or grasslands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
H removal by sinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedongrasslandsorcroplands;• Thelanddoesnotcontainorganicsoils(e.g.peat-land)anddoesnotfallinto
etland category;
• Litterremainsonsiteandisnotremovedintheproject;• Ploughing/ripping/scaricationintheproject,ifany,is:
(i) Done in accordance ith appropriate soil conservation practices, e.g. ollosthe land contours;
(ii) Limited to the rst ve years rom the year o initial site preparation;(iii) Not repeated, i at all, ithin a period o years.
Important parameters At validation:
• Annualincrement,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction ortree species/species group.
Monitored:
• Areaforested(byspecies)andareaofsampleplots;• Diameter,number,andpossiblyheightofplantedtrees.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Lands are grasslands oragricultural land.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Grss lnd A ric ulture
Forest
Biomss
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
AR-AMS0007
AR-AMS0007 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale A/R CDM project activities implemented ongrasslands or croplands
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GLOSSARY
Chapter IV
CDM Methodology Booklet
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Additionality A CDM project is additional i anthropogenic emissions o H by sources are reduced belo
those that ould have occurred in the absence o the proposed project.
Aorestation “Aorestation” is the direct human-induced conversion o land that has not been orested or a period
o at least 0 years to orested land through planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion
o natural seed sources.
Capacity addition A capacity addition is an increase in the installed poer generation capacity o an existing poer
plant through the installation o a ne poer plant beside the existing poer plant/units, or the
installation o ne poer units, additional to the existing poer plant/units. The existing poer
plant/units continue to operate afer the implementation o the project activity.
Capacity increase A (minor) increase in the design capacity due to the installation o improved equipment compared
to the original design.
Captive generation Captive generation is dened as generation o electricity in a poer plant that supplies electricity
only to consumer(s) or multiple consumers and not to the electricity grid. The consumer(s) or
multiple consumers are either located directly at the site o the poer plant or are connected through
dedicated electricity line(s) ith the poer plant but not via the electricity grid.
Baseline (scenario) A baseline scenario or a CDM project is the scenario that reasonably represents H emissions
that ould occur in the absence o the proposed project.
Biomass Biomass means non-ossilized and biodegradable organic material originating rom plants, animals
and micro-organisms. This shall also include products, by-products, residues and aste romagriculture, orestry and related industries as ell as the non-ossilized and biodegradable organic
ractions o industrial and municipal astes. Biomass also includes gases and liquids recovered
rom the decomposition o non-ossilized and biodegradable organic material.
Biomass, non-renewable Biomass, not ullling the conditions o reneable biomass, is considered as non-reneable.
Biomass, renewable Biomass is “reneable” i one o ve conditions applies. These are described in the CDM glossary
(see reneable biomass <https://cdm.unccc.int/Reerence/glossary.html>)
Biomass, residues Biomass that is a by-product, residue or aste stream rom agriculture, orestry and related
industries.
Carbon sequestration Carbon sequestration is dened as a biological, chemical or physical process o removing carbon rom
the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir.
Cogeneration A cogeneration plant is a heat and poer generation plant in hich at least one heat engine
simultaneously generates both heat and poer. I poer, heat and cooling is provided at the same
time, the term tri-generation is used instead o co-generation.
Degraded land Land degradation is a long-term decline in ecosystem unction and productivity and measured in
terms o net primary productivity. All orms o land degradation ill ultimately lead to a reduction
o soil ertility and productivity. The general eect is reduced plant groth, hich in turn causes loss
o protective soil cover and increased vulnerability o soil and vegetation to urther degradation
(e.g. erosion).
Emission actor An emission actor is dened as the measure o the average amount o H emitted to the
atmosphere by a specic process, uel, equipment, or source.
general glossary
Explanations on general terminologies used in this booklet
are listed below. For terminologies specic to a certain
methodology, please refer to the denition section of thefull methodology. A specic glossary for A/R methodolgies
follows this list.
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Energy eciency Energy eciency is dened as the improvement in the service provided per unit poer, that is,
project activities hich increase unit output o traction, ork, electricity, heat, light (or uel) per
Mw input are energy eciency project activities.
Feedstoc Ra material used in manuacture. Can be gaseous, liquid or solid.
Fossil uel Fuels ormed by natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition o buried dead organisms
(e.g. coal, oil, and natural gas).
Greenfeld reeneld activities reer to the construction o a ne acility at a location here previously no acility
exists. E.g. construction o ne poer plant here previously no poer generation activity exists.
Greenhouse gas ases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation ithin the thermal inrared range, hich is
the undamental cause o the greenhouse eect.
Grid The grid or electricity system is an interconnected netork or delivering electricity rom suppliers
to consumers. It includes all poer plants that are physically connected through transmission and
distribution lines.
Industrial gases reenhouse gases originating rom chemical production processes that are not naturally occurring.
In addition, N2O rom chemical production processes is included in this group o greenhouse gases.
Land use, land-use change
and orestry
A H inventory sector that covers emissions and removals o H resulting rom direct
human-induced land use, land-use change and orestry activities.
Leaage The net change o anthropogenic emissions by sources o H
that occurs outside the project boundary, and hich is measurable and attributable to the project.
Low-carbon electricity Electricity that is generated ith a less-H-intensive uel than in the baseline (e.g., natural gas in
the project, and coal in the baseline).
Merit order A ay o ranking available poer plants in ascending order o their short-run marginal costs o
production, so that those ith the loest marginal costs are the rst ones to be brought on line to
meet demand and the plants ith the highest marginal costs are the last to be brought on line.
Project boundary A project boundary encompasses all anthropogenic emissions by sources o H, or geographically
delineates an aorestation or reorestation project, under the control o the project participants that
are signicant and reasonably attributable to the project.Reorestation “Reorestation” is the direct human-induced conversion o non-orested land to orested land through
planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion o natural seed sources, on land that
as orested but that has been converted to non-orested land. For the rst commitment period,
reorestation activities ill be limited to reorestation occurring on those lands that did not contain
orest on 31 December 1.
Renewable energy Energy that comes rom natural resources such as sunlight, ind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat,
hich are reneable (naturally replenished).
Retroft To modiy existing acilities (e.g. manuacturing acility) hich are already in service using ne,
improved or more ecient parts and equipment developed or made available afer the time o
original manuacture or installation o the acility.
Sectoral scope The CDM Accreditation Panel adopted a list o sectoral scopes, hich is based on the list o
sectors and sources contained in Annex A o the Kyoto Protocol. At the same time a sectoral scope(s)
o accreditation sets the limits or ork hich a DOE may perorm under the CDM ith regard to
validation as ell as verication and certication related to identied sector(s). A ull list o sectoral
scopes, related methodolgies and DOEs is available at: <https://cdm.unccc.int/DOE/scopes.html#11>
Waste energy A by-product gas/heat/pressure rom machines and industrial processes having potential to provide
usable energy, hich is currently asted. For example gas ared or released into the atmosphere,
the heat or pressure not recovered (thereore asted).
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Above-ground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and oliage as ell
as herbaceous vegetation.
Agroorestry roing o both trees and agricultural / horticultural crops on the same piece o land.
Allometric biomass equations Regression equations calculating biomass based on measured parameters o a tree (or shrub).
E.g. quantiying the relationship beteen above-ground tree biomass and the diameter at breast
height and tree height o a specic tree species.
Below-ground biomass All living biomass o roots. Fine roots o less than (suggested) 2 mm diameter are ofen excluded
sPeCifiC glossary to a/r methodologies