metastable susy breaking: predicting the end of the universe
TRANSCRIPT
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Metastable SUSY breaking:Predicting the end of the Universe
Joerg Jaeckel*
Steven Abel*, Callum Durnford*,John EllisX, Valya Khoze*
*IPPP Durham, XCERN
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In Memory of…
Prepare to follow.
1809
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1. Introduction
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The LHC as a crystal ball for the fate ofthe Universe.
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SUSY broken everywhere!
Conventional picture of SUSY breaking
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Both phenomenologically unacceptable!
Metastability hard to avoid!
• We consider low scale SUSY breaking;
i.e. non-gravity mediated.
• Theorem (Nelson Seiberg):SUSY breaking requires R-symmetry
Massless gauginos orMassless R-axion
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Universe is hereV
unbroken SUSY elsewhere
ISS picture of meta-stable SUSY breaking
Φ<vac+>
<vac0>
Many constraints do not apply!!!
Sucessful Model Building!
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Universe is hereV
unbroken SUSY elsewhere
ISS picture of meta-stable SUSY breaking
Φ<vac+>
<vac0>
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Cosmological questions
• Does the metastable vacuum live long enough?
• Why should we end up in this vacuum??
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Model building
• Realistic models
• “Mediate” SUSY (and R) breaking to the SM!
MSB sector susy SMmessengers
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Testing in the lab?
• Can we tell about metastability?
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2. The ISS model
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The ISS Model:
This is a massive vector-like theory, thus it has supersymmetric vacua
N=1 SQCD with massive Quarks
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V
SUSY vacua
Effective potential of SQCD
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V
SUSY vacuaPotential near the origin can be uncovered usingSeiberg duality
Effective potential of SQCD
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Seiberg duality sounds fancy…
• … but it is basically the same as a pion description of low energy QCD
• Weakly coupled theory using the `right’degrees of freedom
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Classically: Different gauge theoriesQuantum: Describe the same physics in the IR.
Microscopic:(electric)
Macroscopic:(magnetic)
Seiberg Duality
Electric
Magnetic
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We take wherethe magnetic theory is IR free
• β-function is positive, • the theory is free in the IR and • strongly coupled in the UV • develops a Landau pole at scale ΛL
From now on: macroscopic theory
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Minimal model• Smallest Nf, Nc?
electric/UV
magnetic/IR
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• Tree-level superpotential
No corrections in perturbation theory!
• Full superpotential:• With the exact dynamical superpotential
Breaks R-symmetry explicitly!
ISS model: Macroscopic theory
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Nelson Seiberg @ work
SUSY restored!
Tree level = No R-breaking
Full potential explicit R-breaking
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Doomsday?• Lifetime of the metastable state
Transition rate:
Our survival requires:
Our survival is easy to ensure!
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3.Cosmology-
Getting to the metastable vacuum
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Question:
Why did the Universe start from the non-supersymmetric vacuum in the first place ?Our answer: thermal effects drive the Universe to the susy-breaking vacuum even if it starts after inflation in the susy-preserving one.
This happens for a large class of models that satisfy:1. All fields of the theory (MSB, MSSM, messengers) are
in thermal equilibrium. True for gauge mediation, direct mediation, and visible sector breaking.
(Excludes gravity-mediation.)2. SUSY preserving <vac0> contains fewer light fields than
the meta-stable <vac+>.
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Thermal effective potential
• 1-loop expression (Dolan-Jackiw).• ni are the numbers of degrees of freedom
(+ corresponds to bosons; - to fermions.)• mi
2(Φ) are their masses as functions of <Φ>.• Φ-dependence in the thermal correction is
only through mi2(Φ)
• We are talking about free energy!
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Thermal effective Potential
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Thermal effective Potential
Preference of the SUSY breaking vacuumat high T arises because the SUSY breaking vacuum has more light d.o.f.!
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Particles get more massive with Φ• Quark masses:
• Gluon masses:
Particles are more massive at large Φ!
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Thermal effect of magnetic quarks
No SUSY preserving Minimum Τ>Τcrit!
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4. `Detecting’Metastability
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The LHC as a crystal ball for the fate ofthe Universe.
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Gauge or gravity mediation?
Signatures for gauge mediation:
• Light gravitino!If NLSP decays within detector into gravitino we have a `smoking gun’
• Gaugino and sfermion masses scale with gauge couplings peculiar mass pattern!E.g. squarks heavier than sleptons!
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The LHC as a crystal ball for the fate ofthe Universe.
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D- or F-term?
• More difficult. • Most D-term models have phenomenological
problems (negative sfermion mass squareds).or are incalculable (strong coupling etc.)
• Theoretically F-term preferred.
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5. Conclusions
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Conclusions• For `non-gravity’ SUSY breaking
metastability is nearly unavoidable• Long lived metastable vacua can be realised
• In the early universe high temperatures typically favor the metastable state
the universe automatically ends in the metastable vacuum
• Good chances to tell from future accelerators whether gauge mediation is realised. Then metastability is nearly unavoidable!
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The End of the World is Nigh!
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Conclusions• For `non-gravity’ SUSY breaking
metastability is nearly unavoidable• Long lived metastable vacua can be realised
• In the early universe high temperatures typically favor the metastable state
the universe automatically ends in the metastable vacuum
• Good chances to tell from future accelerators whether gauge mediation is realised. Then metastability is nearly unavoidable!
The End of the World is Nigh!
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We are doomed!
Conclusions• For `non-gravity’ SUSY breaking
metastability is nearly unavoidable• Long lived metastable vacua can be realised
• In the early universe high temperatures typically favor the metastable state
the universe automatically ends in the metastable vacuum
• Good chances to tell from future accelerators whether gauge mediation is realised. Then metastability is nearly unavoidable!
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Conclusions• Metastable SUSY breaking allows for
simple calculable models.
• In the early universe high temperatures typically favor the metastable state
the universe automatically ends in the metastable vacuum
• Knowledge of the SUSY breaking sector allows and is necessary for predictions of the mass spectrum.
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Overview
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The ISS model
• 3. Cosmology –Getting to the metastable vacuum
• 4. Coupling to the SM –“Predictions” for accelerators
• 5. Conclusions
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Corrections?• Theory is weakly coupled in the IR
we can use canonical Kähler potential
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SUSY breaking at tree level!• Tree-level superpotential
SUSY breaking because hasRank N=Nf-Nc<Nf!Rank condition!
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The metastable vacuum <vac>+
• The SUSY breaking vacuum becomes the metastable vacuum of the full theory!
• SUSY because V+>0
• Classically stable, i.e. no tachyonic directions• Gauge group is Higgsed mγ=gμ
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Dynamical SUSY restoration• We still need the Nc vacua required by the
Witten index! study full superpotential
Dynamical (nonperturbative) contribution to the potential
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Model building
• Realistic models
• We need to “mediate” SUSY breaking to the SM!• We need to get gaugino masses
(broken R-symmetry)
MSB sector susy SMmessengers
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R-Symmetry
• Symmetry where fermions and bosons of the same SUSY multiplet transform differently!
• U(1)R: Superpotential W has charge 2!(under non-R-symmetries W is invariant!)
• Gauginos have R-charge 1:– Charged fermions cannot have Majorana masses!!
R-symmetry forbids gaugino masses!
Big Problem!
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R-symmetry vs. SUSY breaking
• Theorem (Nelson-Seiberg): Generic potential with SUSY breaking in global minimum
R-Symmetry
Massless gaugino orMassless Goldstone boson (R-axion)
Metastability evades this theoremSUSY breaking in a local minimum!
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R-Symmetry: ISS model
• ISS model has accidental approximate R-symmetry in metastable minimum
• Large explicit R-symmetry breaking is bad because it destabilises metastable vacuum!
We need to deform the model!
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R-symmetry: Solution.
• Deform ISS such that we havea (large) spontaneous R-symmetry breaking
Gaugino masses
R-axion is massive and therefore harmlessBecause R-symmetry was only approximate
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Baryon deformed ISS
• Take Nf=7, Nc=5, N=2 ISS and add a baryon to the superpotential
• This breaks the flavor symmetry SU(7) down to SU(2)×SU(5)
This model has spontaneous R-symmetry breaking!(and a small anomalous one)
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Messenging…
• Gauge SU(5) flavor groupmagnetic quarks act as messengers
E.g. gaugino masses
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Phenomenology I: “Split SUSY”
• For :R-symmetry restored
But: SUSY is still broken!!!
• For :gauginos massive but much lighter thansquarks and sleptons
no gaugino masses
Squarks and sleptons get SUSY breaking masses!
They are heavy!
Split-SUSY
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Phenomenology II
• For :Gauginos and sfermions have masses of similar sizeSimilar to “standard” gauge mediation
Message: Knowledge of the (hidden) SUSY breaking sector is required.