Metals, Metals,

NonmetalsNonmetals

and Metalloidsand Metalloids

Where are Metals, Nonmetals, and Where are Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids (Semimetals) located on Metalloids (Semimetals) located on

the Periodic Table?the Periodic Table?

Notice the difference between the appearance of the metal elements on the left and the nonmetal elements on the right.

Click here for a better view of each of the elements.

What are the Properties of What are the Properties of Metals?Metals?

What Are the Properties of What Are the Properties of Metals?Metals?

• Metals are SOLIDS. (except for mercury, which is liquid at room

temperature)

• Metals are HARD. (except for the group 1 Alkali Metals: Lithium,

Potassium, Sodium, Rubidium, and Cesium which are as soft as modeling clay)

• Metals have shiny luster. (or metallic luster)

LUSTER – the way an object’s surface reflects light

What Are the Properties of Metals?What Are the Properties of Metals?

• Metals are good conductors of heat.

A copper frying pan A steel spoon in a mug of hot water

For example, when a spoon touches a hot drink, the heat from the drink excites the electrons in the metal, and the electrons transfer the energy from one electron to another, carrying the heat all the way up the spoon quickly.

What Are the Properties of Metals?What Are the Properties of Metals?

• Metals are good conductors of electricity.

Copper, silver, and gold are good electrical conductors. In a conductor, electric current can flow freely. Since metals have free electrons, they can carry a charge easily.

Copper Wiring

What Are the Properties of Metals?What Are the Properties of Metals?

Gold plated HDMI cables

Spool of silver wire

• Metals are malleable. Malleable or Malleability - the ability to be

shaped or formed by hammering or pressure; can be beaten into thin sheets

Aluminum is malleable.

What Are the Properties of Metals?What Are the Properties of Metals?

• Metals are ductile. Ductility or ductile – can be drawn

into a wire

Copper Wiring

Spools of wire Speaker wires

What Are the Properties of Metals?What Are the Properties of Metals?

Where do we find Metals on Where do we find Metals on Earth?Earth?

• Some metals like gold, silver, and platinum are found as pure substances in the earth’s crust because they are least reactive.

• Most metals are reactive and are found as oxides (react with oxygen), carbonates (react with carbon), or sulfides (react with sulfur).

Mineral: an element or compound which occurs naturally inside the earth’s crust

Ore: a mineral from which metals can be extracted profitably

Gold Mineral Iron Ore

Let’s Review the Properties of Let’s Review the Properties of MetalsMetals

• Metals are usually– SolidSolid– HardHard– Shiny (luster)Shiny (luster)– MalleableMalleable– DuctileDuctile– Good conductors of heatGood conductors of heat– Good conductors of electricityGood conductors of electricity

What are the Properties of What are the Properties of Nonmetals?Nonmetals?

• Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases.

What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?

Solid NonmetalsSolids –

Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus

What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?

Liquid Nonmetals

Gaseous Nonmetals

Liquid – Bromine

Gases – FluorineChlorineNitrogen

• Nonmetals have a dull luster. They are not shiny!

Example: Phosphorus

What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?

• Nonmetals are insulators.

They do not conduct electricity or heat well.

The atoms in nonmetals do not have loose electrons. Therefore, when electricity or something hot touches a non-metal, the energy does not move quickly through the material.

What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?

• Nonmetals are soft and brittle.Except for the diamond form of Carbon, which is a very

hard solid!

Sulfur

What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?What Are the Properties of Nonmetals?

White Phosphorus Iodine

Carbon

An interesting element: CarbonHave you ever broken the point of your pencil? That’s because it’s made of graphite, a substance made up completely of the brittle nonmetal Carbon.

Carbon atoms in graphiteDiamonds are the hardest

material of all, and they are made of the same element: Carbon. Look at how the carbon atoms are arranged in diamonds. Why do you think diamonds are harder than graphite?

What are the Properties of What are the Properties of Metalloids?Metalloids?

Which Elements are Metalloids?Which Elements are Metalloids?

• Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium, and Astatine are commonly classified as metalloids

• Metalloids have physical properties of both metals and non-metals.– Some are shiny– Some are dull, – They are somewhat malleable and ductile, – They and can conduct heat and electricity at a

lesser level than metals

BORON

SILICON ARSENIC

What are the properties of Metalloids?What are the properties of Metalloids?

• Some metalloids are useful semiconductors– Semiconductors are used in computer chips and

other electronics– Semiconductors conduct just the right amount of

electricity or heat

What are the properties of Metalloids?What are the properties of Metalloids?