metal detector robot
TRANSCRIPT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANIPUR
(An Autonomous Institution, Under MHRD, INDIA)
Submitted by:
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Under the guidance of:
METAL DETECTION ROBOT WITH COLLISION AVOIDANCE
OVERVIEW
Objective
Proposed system
Module description
Hardware and software requirements
Expected output
Advantages and Disadvantages
References
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OBJECTIVE
The main objective of our project is to build a robotic vehicle that
can sense metals ahead of it.
To search interesting stuff from where people are not able to reach.
To provide safety to the bomb disposal squad .
An obstacle sensor is used protect the robot from collision.
Ability to work in any hostile environment.
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PROPOSED SYSTEM
This project is divided into modules for better understanding of the
circuit . The modules include
Arduino UNO Microcontroller Board
Motor Control Driver
Metal Detector
Ultrasonic Sensors
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BLOCK DIAGRAM5
Arduino UNO Microcontroller Board 6
Microcontroller
It is a smaller computer.
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
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Arduino UNO Microcontroller
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Pin Count 28
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
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Motor Control Driver
Motor Shield is a dual full-bridge driver designed to drive DC
motors.
It control the speed and direction of each DC motors
independently using the microcontroller .
It uses L293D IC to control the motor.
The Motor Shield is powered only by an external power supply of
5V to 12V.
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MOTOR DRIVER L293D
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit
(IC).
Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low-
current control signal and provide a higher-current signal.
This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.
L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its
common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven
simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction.
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Operation of Motor Driver
L293D has 2 set of arrangements where one set has input
1, input 2, output 1 and output 2 and other set has
input 3, input 4, output 3 and output 4, according to
block diagram if pin no 2 & 7 are high then pin no 3 & 6
are also high.
If enable 1 and pin number 2 are high leaving pin
number 7 as low then the motor rotates in forward
direction, vice-versa for reverse direction.
If enable 2 and pin number 10 are high leaving pin
number 15 as low then the motor rotates in forward
direction, vice-versa for reverse direction.
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Metal detector
The operation of metal detectors is based upon the principles
of electromagnetic induction.
The single-coil detector is the one used in a real metal
detector.
A pulsing current is applied to the coil, which then induces a
magnetic field.
When the magnetic field of the coil moves across metal, such
as the coin, the field induces eddy currents in the coin.
The eddy currents induce their own magnetic field, which
generates an opposite current in the coil, which induces a
signal indicating the presence of metal.
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Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound
waves and evaluate the echo which is received
back by the sensor.
It measures the time interval between sending the
signal and receiving the echo to determine the
distance to an object.
It detects the distance of the closest object in front of
the sensor (from 2 cm up to 3m).
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Ultrasonic Sensor
The 5V pin of the Ultrasonic sensor is connected
to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
The GND pin is connected to the GND pin.
The SIG (signal) pin is connected to digital pin 7
on the Arduino.
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Expected Outcome
The Robot will be able to moves in all four directions:
Right, Left, Front, Back .
The Ultrasonic Sensor will detects the obstacle and avoids collision.
The Robot will be able to sense metal ahead of it.
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ADVANTAGES
Provide safety to the bomb disposal squad by providing an extra line of defense.
Consistency of performance.
24/7 continuous working.
Reduced amount of operator errors.
Can be made to perform even the most dangerous tasks without concern.
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DISADVANTAGES
Precise programming needed (time, training)
New products require complete reprogramming.
Complex and expensive equipment to buy and install.
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Application
Detecting hidden landmines.
It can be use for treasure hunt.
Can be used by the bomb disposal Squad.
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Reference
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoMotorShieldR3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_detector
http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega328.aspx
www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/l293d.
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