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Making the Right Choice

Metal Detection, X-Ray or Both

Robert Rogers

Senior Advisor for Food Safety & Regulation

Mettler Toledo

Making the Right Choice

IFSQN

5/20/16 Robert Rogers

Metal Detection, X-Ray or Both

Agenda

1 Introduction

2 Metal Detection Technology

3 X-Ray Technology

4 Simplifying the Choice

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Mettler Toledo

Introduction to Mettler Toledo

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We offer solutions along our customers value chain to help them to:

� Streamline processes

� Enhance productivity

� Reach compliance with regulatory requirements

� Optimize cost and waste

Laboratory

Solutions

Process

Analytics

Industrial

Weighing

Logistics

Solutions

Product

Inspection

Retail

Weighing

Solutions

Increased Focus on Food Safety

Reasons for Product Inspection

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Food Safety and Inspection Service

FSIS DIRECTIVE 7310.5

FSMA

Poll Question

How many of you currently have Metal Detection, X-Ray or Both?

� Metal Detection

� X-Ray

� Both Metal Detection and X-Ray

� Neither Metal Detection or X-Ray

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Agenda

1 Introduction

2 Metal Detection Technology

3 X-Ray Technology

4 Simplifying the Choice

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Metal Detection Systems

Balanced Coil Metal Detection

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� Most common type

� Conductive principle

� Not suitable for heavy foil packaging

Balanced Coil Metal Detectors 9

Sensitivity

The sensitivity of a metal detector

is defined as the smallest diameter

metal sphere of a specific metal

which is detectable in the center of

the metal detector aperture.

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Aperture Size 11

Larger Detector = Less Sensitivity

Types of Metal

Metal TypeMagnetic

Permeability

Electrical

Conductivity

Ease of

Detection

Ferrous

(iron)Magnetic

good

electrical

conductor

easily

detected

Non-Ferrous

(aluminium,

brass, copper,

lead)

non-magnetic

generally

good or

excellent

conductor

relatively

easily

detected

Stainless

Steel

(various

grades)

usually non-

magnetic

usually poor

conductors

relatively

difficult to

detect

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Orientation

Ferrous-Easy Ferrous-Difficult

Non-Ferrous-EasyNon-Ferrous-Difficult

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Factors Affecting Metal Detector Performance

� Environmental conditions can influence

metal detectors

- Airborne electrical interference

- Plant vibration

- Temperature fluctuations

� Effects are more acute when operating at

high sensitivity

- High sensitivity is only achievable through

a stable detector

- Requires high performance noise and

vibration immunity systems

� During evaluation, comparative tests

should be carried out in-situ

- NOT using lab tests

Environmental Conditions

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Agenda

1 Introduction

2 Metal Detection Technology

3 X-Ray Technology

4 Simplifying the Choice

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� Detection based on density

� Compatible with conductive packaging

� Foreign material detection

� Additional quality inspections

X-Ray Inspection Systems 16

Density Detection

Typical X-Ray Layout

User I/O

Connectors

Power Supply

X-ray Generator

Interlock

Circuit

Detector

LAMPSTACK

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X-ray Generator

Electron Beam

X-ray Beam

(Photons)

High voltage potential between anode and cathode

create an electron beam

X-ray beam is electromagnetic energy transmitted at

a very high frequency and energy.

When electron beam collides with target and is

decelerated resultant energy is either dissipated as

heat (98%) or released as an X-ray photon.

Operation

PRODUCT

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Control of Physical Contaminants XR

DetectorProduct flow X-ray image

• Each image is made up of ‘pixels’.

• Each pixel can have a value which goes from black to white (0 to 255).

As the product passes over the detector each line of grey level data is rebuilt back into a

complete pack image:

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Density Chart

(kg/m3)

Water 1.0

Hair 0.32

Cherry Pit 0.56

Insects 0.59

Wood (Oak) 0.65

PP 0.9

Ice 0.92

UHMW 0.94

Nylon 1.15

PVC 1.7

Teflon 2.19

Bone 2.2

Stone 2.52

Glass 2.6

Aluminum 2.71

Iron 7.15

Steel 7.86

SS 7.93

Most food product, slightly

more than 1.0

Not Detectable

Detectable dependent on products

thickness/homogeneity/density and

size of contaminant

Stainless Steel

316

Wood

Specific gravity is the ratio of the

density of a substance compared to

the density (mass of the same unit

volume) of a reference substance

Detection Capability 20

Multiple Quality Inspections

Contamination detection capabilities for

metal, glass, stone, high density plastics

and more.

Ability to count objects and identify if

there are any missing components.

Ability mask certain areas of the

packaging to ensure the best detection

capabilities.

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Poll Question

Where are your foreign material inspection systems located?

� Raw Material

� Batching/Blending

� Grinding/Cutting/Further Processing

� Packaging/End of Line

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Agenda

1 Introduction

2 Metal Detection Technology

3 X-Ray Technology

4 Simplifying the Choice

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Location 24

Raw Material Batching/BlendingGrinding/Cutting/

Further Processing

Packaging/End of Line

HACCP

Application 25

Decision Tree 26

Review

� Identified contamination type

� Metal Detectors work based on conductivity

� X-rays work based on density

� Position in the process

� Multiple inspection considerations

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