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  • 8/2/2019 Mesta 50 Manual

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    NATIONAL HISTORIC

    MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

    LANDMARK

    50,000 Ton

    Closed Die

    Forging Press

    UNITED STATES

    THURSDAY,SEPTEMBER 24, 1981

    AIR FORCE PLANT 47

    Operated by

    Aluminum Co. of America

    Forging Division

    Cleveland, Ohio

    The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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    DEDI CATION CEREMONY

    50,000 TON CLOSED DIE FORGING PRESS1981 SEPTEMBER 24

    PE SANO'S RESTAURANT

    6:30 p.m. Dinner

    7:15 p.m. Welcome

    In t roduc t ion of Honored Gues t s

    ASME Landm ark P r ogram

    Keynote Addres s

    H ist ory of 50,000 Ton Closed R a l p h H . H e l l e r , E n g i n e e r i n g M a n a g e rD i e F o r g i n g P r e s s Alcoa Forging Division

    Donald R. Akers , Chairman

    Cleveland Section, ASME

    Leroy S . Harr is , Vice Pres ident , Region 5

    Pr o f. J . J . E r m en c , Ch a i rm an

    Nat iona l His to ry & Her i tage Comm it tee

    Dr . Rober t B . Gai ther , Pr es iden t

    ASME

    ALCOA PLANT

    8:00-8:15 p.m. Travel toAlcoa Pl an t , 1600 H ar vard Ave.

    8:15-9:00 p.m. Plant Tour

    9:00 p .m. Pr esen tat ion of Plaqu e

    Acceptance

    Dr. Rober t B . Gai ther , Pr es iden t

    ASME

    Col. Melvin F . Brown, Comm and ing OfficerDCASR - Cleveland

    Clyde R. Gil lespi e, Gener al Manage r

    Alcoa Forgin g Divis ion

    F ina l Remarks & Clos ing

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    A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S

    T h e C l ev e l an d Sec t i o n o f t h e Am er i can So c i e t y o f M ech an i ca lE n g i n e e r s a c k n o w l e d g e t h e e f f o r t s o f t h o s e m e m b e r s w h oo r g a n i z e d t h e d e d i c a t i o n o f t h e 5 0 ,0 00 to n C l o se d D i e F o r g e P r e s sp r o gra m . T h e C l eve l a n d Se c t i o n a l s o r eco gn i zes t h e e f fo r t s an dc o op e r a t i o n o f p e r s o n n e l f r o m W r i gh t -P a t t e r s o n A i r F o r c e B a s e

    a n d A l u m i n u m C o m p a n y o f A m e r i c a .

    T h e A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r s :

    D r . R o b e r t B . G a i t h e rL e r o y S . H a r r i sRober t A . W oodward

    Dr . Bur ke E . Ne l son

    P r e s i d e n t , R e g i o n 5V i c e P r e s i d e n t , R e gi o n 5

    Cha i rm an , ASM E Reg ion 5H i s t o r y & H e r i t a g e C o m m i t t e e

    E x e c u t i v e D i r e c t o r , R e g io n 5

    T h e A S M E N a t i o n a l H i s t o r y a n d H e r i t a g e C o m m i t t e e :

    P r o f . J . J . E r m e n c C h a i r m a nDr . R . Car son Da lze l l S e c r e t a r yP r o f. R . S . H a r t e n b e r gD r . J . P a u l H a r t m a nRober t M . Voge l

    Car ron Garv in -Donohue

    The ASM E Cleve land Sec t ion :

    D o n a l d R . A k e r sJ a m e s E . D r i v e r

    N e a l S l a g t e r

    R o b e r t F . W a g n e r

    L a r r y G r a b w e l lA r t N e n a d a lD. K. Wrigh tR. H. He l l e r

    C h a i r m a nV i c e C h a i r m a n

    S e c r e t a r y

    T r e a s u r e r

    P r o g r a m C h a i r m a nVice Cha i rm an , Pub l i c Af fa i r sC h a i r m a n , H i s t o r y & H e r i t a g e C o m m i t t e eEnginee r ing M anage r , A lcoa Forg ing Div i s ion

    T h e 5 0,0 00 T on C lo se d D ie F o r g in g P r e s s i s t h e 6 4th l a n d ma r k d e s ign a t e d b ythe Soc ie ty . For a comple te l i s t ing of l andmarks , p lea se contac t the Publ ic In-

    formation Dept. , ASME, 345 East 47th Street , New York, N. Y. 10017.

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    50,000 T ON CL OSE D DIE F ORGING PR E SS

    The Mes ta 50,000 ton h ydra u l ic c lose d d ie fo rg ing p re ss , th i s cou n t r y s

    l a r ges t fo rg i n g m a ch i n e , i s cu r r en t l y p r o d u c i n g t h e l a rg es t l i gh t m e t a l

    fo rg ings i n t he wor ld .

    T h i s m a s s i ve fo rg in g t o ol ac t u a l l y h a d i t s gen es i s d u r i n g t h e d a ys o f

    Wo r l d W a r I I . A l l ie d i n t e l l i ge n c e t e a m s i n s p e c t i n g Ge r m a n a i r c r a ftd o w n e d b e h i n d o u r l i n e s d i s c o ve r e d t h a t t h e y co n t a i n e d e x t r e m e l y l a r g ea n d c o m p l e x m a j o r s t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t s . O u r a p p r a i s a l o f t h e s i t u a t i o n ,c o n fi r m e d i m m e d i a t e l y a f te r t h e e n d o f t h e w a r , w a s t h a t t h e G e r m a n sh a d p r o d u c e d t h e s e a i r c r a ft c om p o n e n t s w i th t h e a i d o f h u ge f or g in g

    a n d e x t r u s i o n p r e s s e s p o s s e s s in g c a p a b i l i t i e s fa r i n e x c e s s of th o s e i n

    o u r o w n i n d u s t r i a l c o m p l e x .

    T h e i m p l i ca t i o n s were f a r - r each i n g . I f fo rg i n g s an d ex t ru s i o n s l a rg e

    e n o u gh t o c om p r i s e k e y a i r c r a f t st r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t s c o u l d b e p r o d u c e di n t h i s c o u n t r y , n o t o n l y w ou l d f a b r i c a t io n t i m e b e r e d u c e d gr e a t l y, b u tc o s ts w ou l d b e l o w e r e d . In a d d i t i on , s u c h a t e c h n i q u e h e l d t h e p r o m i s eo f forg i n g m a t e r i a l s w i t h gre a t e r s t r e n g t h -we i g h t r a t i o s , an e x t r em e l y

    d e s i r a b l e a t t r i b u t e f r o m t h e s t a n d p o i n t o f a i r c r a f t d e s i gn .

    J u s t b e f o r e t h e c o n c l u s i on o f t h e w a r , th e U n i t e d S t a t e s e m b a r k e d u p o na n u r g e n t p r o gr a m t o b u i l d a p r e s s a b l e t o m a t c h o u r e s t i m a t e s o f t h ep r o d u c t ive c a p a b i l it y of t h e G e r m a n e q u i p m e n t . Th e Me s t a M a c h i n e

    C om p an y o f P i t t s b u r gh was a war d e d a co n t r a c t t o co n s t ru c t an 1 8,00 0t o n fo rgi n g p re s s , an d t h e W ym a n Go rd o n Co m p a n y o f No r t h Gra f t o n ,

    M a s s a c h u s e t t s , w a s s e l e c t e d t o o p e r a t e i t . S i n c e t h e p r e s s w a s s oe n o r m o u s , a p a t t e r n t o b e f o ll o we d w h e n t h e p r e s s p r o g r a m w e n t i n t ofu l l s w in g w a s e s t a b l i sh e d a p l a n t h a d t o b e b u i l t a r o u n d t h e p r e s s t oh o u s e b o t h i t a n d i t s s u p p o r t i n g e q u i p m e n t . T h e w a r e n d e d , h o we v e r ,b e f o r e t h e p r o j e c t w a s fu l l y c o m p l e t e d .

    W h e n o u r t e c h n i c a l / i n d u s t r i a l t e a m s v i s i t e d G e r m a n y a f t e r t h e

    c e s s a t i o n o f h o s t i l i t i e s , t h e y f o u n d t h a t t h e G e r m a n s h a d i n d e e dd e v e l o p e d a n d l e a r n e d s u c c e s s fu l l y t o op e r a t e p r e s s e s r a n g in g u p t o

    30 ,000 met r ic tons . In a l l , th ree heavy d ie fo rg ing p resses , two wi th acap ac i ty o f 15 ,000 met r ic tons a nd one wi th a 30,000-ton ca pa c i ty , wer ed i s c o v e r e d i n m o r e o r l e s s u s e a b l e c o n d i t i o n . T h r e e e x t r u s i o n p r e s s e s i n

    t h e 5 , 0 0 0 m e t r i c t o n ca t eg o ry were a l s o l o ca t ed . As p a r t o f t h e p o s t -w a r s e t t l e m e n t , t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a c q u i r e d t h e 1 5 , 0 0 0 a n d 5 , 0 0 0 m e t r i ct o n p r e s s e s w h i c h w e r e c h a n n e l e d i n t o t h e A i r F o r c e H e a v y P r e s s

    P r o gra m . T h e 3 0,000 -t o n p re s s , h o wev e r , was s e i zed b y t h e R u s s i an s .W i t h t h e So v i e t s i n p o s s e s s i o n o f s o l a rg e a p re s s , o u r Heav y P re s s

    P r o g r a m r e c e i v e d a d d e d i m p e t u s .

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    2

    T h e H e a v y P r e s s P r o gr a m Ge t s U n d e r w a y

    T h e H ea vy P r e s s P r o gra m a c t u a l l y go t u n d e r way i n 1950. T h i s m ar k edt h e c u l m i n a t i on o f m a n y m o n t h s o f w o r k b y t op p l a n n e r s , i n g ove r n m e n ta n d i n d u s t r y , w h o h a d c o n d u c t e d e x t e n s i v e i n d u s t r i a l s u r v e y s i n a n

    e f fo r t t o s h ap e a s u cces s fu l Heav y P re s s P ro g ram . A t t h e h ea r t o f

    t h e s e s t u d i e s w a s t h e b e l i e f t h a t h e a v y p r e s s e s c o u l d m a k e v i t a lco n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e d e fen s e e f fo r t b y p ro d u c i n g a cap ab i l i t y fo r t h e

    p r o d u c t i o n o f l a r g e s t r u c t u r a l m e m b e r s f o r a d v a n c e d a i r c r a f t a n d o t h e rs ys t e m s a t a n u n p a r a l l e l e d r a t e , a t l ow c o st , a n d w i th a h i gh s t r e n gt h -we i g h t r a t i o . Co n g res s was i n form ed o f t h e p r o gra m , an d t h e r e q u i s i t e

    a p p r o v a l s a n d f u n d s w e r e o b t a i n e d .

    T h e C o n c e p t o f t h e H e a v y P r e s s P r o g r a m

    T h e H e a v y P r e s s P r o gr a m w a s u n i q u e . To s u p p l y d e f e n s e c o n t r a c t o r s ,

    p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e i n t h e a i r f r a m e i n d u s t r y , i t w a s n e c e s s a r y t o e s t a b l i s ha h eav y p re s s cap ab i l i t y fo r t h e p ro d u c t i o n o f l a rg e r fo rg i n g s an d

    e x t r u s i o n s w i th g r e a t e r d e f i n i ti o n t h a n w a s a v a i l a b l e i n t h i s c o u n t r y.

    W h i l e t h e D e f e n s e D e p a r t m e n t p o l i c y w a s t h e n , a s n o w , t h a t

    co n t r ac t o r s , p ro v i d e t h e i r o wn p l an t , f ac i l i t i e s , an d eq u i p m en t , an

    e x c e p t i o n i s w a r r a n t e d i n t h e c a s e o f s p e c i a l fa c i l it i e s to p r o d u c e g o o d sfo r w h i c h t h e r e i s n o c o m m e r c i a l m a r k e t . S i n c e t h e r e w a s n o

    c o m m e r c i a l r e q u i r e m e n t f o r p r e s s e s o f t h i s s i z e , t h e g o v e r n m e n t

    u n d e r t o o k t h e s p o n s o r s h i p a n d s u p p o r t o f t h e H e a v y P r e s s P r o g r a m .

    I t w a s d e s i r a b l e t o e s t a b l i s h a s e l f-s u s t a i n i n g in d u s t r i a l b a s e fo r t h e s eh eav y p re s s e s . T o ach i ev e t h i s o b j ec t i v e , i n d u s t ry h ad t o b e ed u ca t ed

    a n d e n c o u r a ge d t o d e s i gn p r o d u c t s su i t a b l e f o r t h e s p e c i a l p r o d u c t i ve

    c a p a b i l i t i e s o f t h e p r e s s e s a n d t o b e a s s u r e d o f t h e i r c o n t i n u e dav a i l ab i l i t y on a n e co n o m i c b a s i s . I t was e s s en t i a l , t h e re fore , t o h av e a

    s u ffi c ie n t n u m b e r o f q u a l i fi e d h e a v y p r e s s o p e r a t o r s i n t h e p r o g r a m s ot h a t w e c o u l d p r o v id e a c o m p e t i ti ve c l i m a t e u p o n w h i c h i n d u s t r y co u l d

    r e l y fo r q u a l i t y , p r i ce , an d p ro d u c t av a i l ab i l i t y . T h e h eav y p re s si n d u s t r y wa s a t f ir s t h e s i t a n t t o e n t e r t h e p r o g r a m s i n c e t h e r e w a s n o

    a s s u r a n c e t h a t i t w ou l d b e p r o f it a b l e a s a s o u r c e o f e i t h e r d e f e n s e o rco m m e rc i a l b u s i n e s s . Mo re o ve r , t h e go ve r n m en t s p r o gra m , wh i ch wa s

    p r e d i c a t e d o n a s t r i c t l y b u s i n e s s r e n t a l a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h t h e

    c o n t r a c t o r a s s u m i n g n o r m a l o v e r h e a d a n d m a i n t e n a n c e c o s t s , c o u l d , i nf a c t , e n t a i l a f i n a n c i a l r i s k . A r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , s e l e c t g r o u p o f o p e r a t o r s , h o w e v e r , w a s f in a l l y p e r s u a d e d t o p a r t i ci p a t e .

    S o m e F a c t s a n d F i g u r e s

    Ai r Fo rce P l an t 4 7 was au t h o r i zed t o b e co n s t ru c t ed i n 1 9 5 2 a t

    Cl ev e l an d , Oh i o ad j acen t t o t h e A l u m i n u m C o m p a n y of Am er i ca p l an t .T h e 50,0 00 to n M es t a p re s s i s t h e l a rg e r o f two h e av y p r e s s e s i n s t a l l ed

    i n t h i s fac i l i t y. A l co a h as b e en t h e p r i m e o p e ra t i n g co n t r a c t o r fo r A i r

    F o r c e P l a n t 4 7 s in c e i t b e g a n o p e r a t i o n o n M a y 5 , 1 95 5.

    T h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h i s h ea vy p r e s s f ac i l i ty an d i n p a r t i cu l a r t h e 5 0,000

    t o n Me s t a f or g e p r e s s h a s b e e n a k e y e l e m e n t i n A m e r i c a s d o m i n a n t

    r o l e i n c o m m e r c i a l a i r c r a f t . T h i s h e a v y p r e s s f a c i l i t y h a s s u p p o r t e d t h ea e r o s p a c e i n d u s t r i e s s i n c e i t s c o n c e p t i o n a n d a i d e d t h e m i n t h e i r

    d e v e l o p m e n t o f a d v a n c e d m i l i t a r y a i r c r a f t a n d a e r o s p a c e p r o g r a m s a n dh a s b e e n a p r i m a r y e l e m e n t i n t h e t e c h n o l o gi c a l le a d w e e n j o y i n t h e s e

    f i e l d s .

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    3

    T h e M e s t a 5 0,0 00 T o n H y d r a u l i c C lo s e d D i e F o r g i n g P r e s s

    The Mes ta 50 ,000 ton Super-Gian t fo rg ing p ress i s 87 fee t h igh ,ex tend ing 36 fee t be low ground leve l and 51 fee t above . (F igure 1 . )

    T h e t o t a l we i g h t o f t h e p re s s i s ap p ro x i m a t e l y 8 , 0 0 0 t o n s . T h a t ' s

    en o u g h s t ee l t o l ay 4 2 m i l e s o f m o d e rn r a i l ro ad t r ack . S i x t een h u g e

    s t e e l c a s t i n g s p o u r e d i n t h e M e s t a f o u n d r i e s a t W e s t H o m e s t e a d ,

    Pe n n s y l van i a co m p r i s e t h e m a j o r e l em e n t s o f t h e p re s s . Ove r 350 t o n s

    o f s t ee l we re r eq u i r ed t o p o u r s o m e o f t h e l a rg es t ca s t i n g s ; t h a t i sen o u g h s t ee l t o s u p p l y t h e n eed s fo r 2 0 0 p as s en g e r ca r s . T h e re weree i g h t o t h e r c a s t i n g s w e i g h i n g b e t w e e n 2 1 5 t o 2 4 0 t o n s e a c h . E q u i p m e n tu s e d t o m a c h i n e t h e p r e s s s e c ti o n s in c l u d e d a M e s t a 18 in c h h o r i zo n t a lb o r i n g a n d m i l li n g m a c h i n e d e s i gn e d a n d b u i l t e s p e c i a l l y fo r t h e j o b .

    (F igure 2 .)

    C o m i n g u p f ro m t h e s u b t e r r an ean fo u n d a t i o n , t wo cas t s t ee l s t o o l s c a r r y t h e p r e s s p r o p e r . Mo u n t e d o n t h e s e a r e t w o l ow e r b a s e a n d t w o

    u p p e r b as e s ec t i o n s , (F i gu r e 2 ), we i g h i n g m o re t h an 800 t on s , or a b o u tas much as 10 , 000 men .

    T h e m o v ab l e d i e t ab l e o r p l a t en t h a t h o l d s t h e l o wer fo rg i n g d i e , i s

    a t t ach ed t o t h e b a s e s ec t i o n s . T h e d i e t ab l e t h a t i s 12 f ee t w i d e b y 26f e e t l o n g i s w i t h d r a w n o n l y w h e n t h e f o r g i n g d i e s a r e c h a n g e d . F o r g e dp a r t s a r e r e m o v e d a n d i n g o t s i n s e r t e d b e t w e e n t h e d i e s b y m o b i l em an i p u l a t o r s . T h e m ax i m u m p re s s s t ro k e i s s i x f ee t . W i t h a wo rk i n g

    s t ro k e o f o n e fo o t , t h e p re s s i s d e s i g n ed t o o p e ra t e a t 3 0 cy c l e s p e rh o u r .

    Ab o v e t h e m o v ab l e d i e t ab l e a re 1 5 f ee t o f d ay l i g h t , t h e o p en i n g

    b e t w e e n t h e j a w s o f t h e m o n s t e r v i se . Th e u p p e r d i e i s c la m p e d t o th e

    u p p e r p l a t e n w h i c h i s a t t a c h e d t o t h e l o we r m o vi n g c r o ss h e a d . (F i gu r e

    3.)

    T h e e n t i r e m o v i n g c r o s s h e a d a s s e m b l y t h e u p p e r j a w o f t h e v i s e cons i s t s o f e igh t s t ee l cas t i ngs t o t a l i ng a lmos t 1150 t ons . (F igure 4 . )

    Ab o v e t h i s a s s em b l y a re t h e s t a t i o n a ry c ro s s h ead s (F i g u re s 5 & 6 )

    h o u s i n g t h e e i g h t m a i n h y d r a u l i c p r e s s u r e c y l i n d e r s .

    R u n n i n g t h ro u gh t h e p re s s fro m t o p t o b o t t om a r e e i g h t m as s i ve a l l o y

    s t e e l c o l u m n s m a n u fa c t u r e d a t Me s t a f o r gi n g p l a n t s a t W e s t

    H o m e s t e a d , P a . F o r g i n g i n g o t s w e i g h i n g a s m u c h a s 2 7 0 t o n s e a c h w e r ep o u r e d b y t e a m i n g t h r e e i m m e n s e l a d l e s o f m o l t e n s t e e l i n t h e fo u n d r y.(F i g u re 8 . ) Af t e r fo rg i n g , each co l u m n was h ea t t r ea t ed i n a s p ec i a l

    fu rn a ce 1 12 fee t l o n g. T h e forg ed co l u m n wa s m o v ed b y r a i l f ro m t h e

    M e s t a fo r g e s h o p t o t h e i r m a c h i n e s h o p s f o r fi n i s h i n g .

    S o t r u e w e r e t h e f o r g i n g s t h a t a p e r f e c t f i n i s h w a s o b t a i n e d b y

    re m o v in g o n l y on e i n ch o f st o ck o n t h e Mes t a 96 i n ch l a t h e , o n e o f th e

    wo r l d s l a rg es t . E a ch co l u m n was t r e p a n n ed fu l l l en g th , to r e m o v e aco re 8 in ch e s i n d i a m e t e r t h e fu l l l en gt h o f t h e co l u m n . (F i gu r e 9 .) T h e

    co l u m n s were f i n i s h ed t o a d i am e t e r o f 4 0 i n ch es an d a l en g t h o f 7 6fe e t . F o u r s e c t io n s o f e a c h c o lu m n w e r e t h r e a d e d a n d fi t te d w i th f ou r

    s t ee l n u t s , e a ch 5 2 i n ch e s i n d i am e t e r . E i gh t o f t h e l a rg es t n u t s we i g h5 5 t o n s e a c h !

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    4

    T h e p r e s s f o r c e i s g e n e r a t e d b y a h y d r o - p n e u m a t i c p r e s s u r e s y s t e m

    c o n s i s t i n g o f f o u r p r e - f i l l e r b o t t l e s , t w o h o r i z o n t a l r e c i p r o c a t i n g p u m p sd r i v en b y 1 , 5 0 0 H . P . m o t o r s , an d fo u r fo rg ed a l l o y s t ee l p re s s u re

    accu m u l a t o r b o t t l e s . (F i g u re 1 0 . ) T h e h y d rau l i c f l u i d i s wa t e r w i t h as m a l l a m o u n t o f s o l u b l e o i l a d d e d t o k e e p t h e s y s t e m r u s t f r e e a n d

    l u b r i c a t e d .

    A p r e s s u r e o f 4,500 p s i is b u i l t u p i n e a c h a c c u m u l a t o r a n d r e l e a s e d t ot h e e i g h t p r e s s u r e c yl i n d e r s h o u s e d i n t h e s t a t i o n a r y c r o ss h e a d s a t t h e

    t o p o f t h e p r e s s . T h e c o m b i n e d e f f o r t o f t h e s e c y l i n d e r s p r o d u c e s

    50,000 tons of forging capaci ty .

    Su ch fo rgi n g p re s s u re s t ag ge r s t h e i m a g in a t i o n ! F i ft y t h o u s a n d t o n s i se q u i v a l e n t t o t h e p r e s s u r e t h a t w o u l d b e e x e r t e d b y t h e w e i g h t o f a

    s t ee l i n go t 612 fee t h i g h , p l ace d o n en d t o co ve r t h e en t i r e 26 fo o t b y

    12 foot d ie b ed .

    A t t h e e n d o f t h e p r e s s c y c l e , t h e h y d r a u l i c f o r c e i s r e v e r s e d a n d

    d i r e c t e d t o e i g h t p u l l - b a c k a n d b a l a n c i n g c y l i n d e r s t h a t r e t u r n t h em o v in g c r o s sh e a d a s s e m b l y t o i t s u p p e r p o s i ti o n .

    T h e p re s s was r eb u i l t i n 1 9 7 4 t o p ro v i d e an ad v an ced h y d rau l i c v a l v e

    s y s t em . T h e r e s u l t i n g co n t ro l s y s t em , n o w i n o p e ra t i o n , p ro v i d es ana l m o s t i n c r e d i b l e m u l t i p l i c a t i o n o f t h e e f f o r t s o f i t s o p e r a t o r , a s w e l l a sh a i r l i n e p r e c i si o n . T h e p r e s s , w h i c h s t a n d s e i gh t s t o r i e s t a l l a n d w e i gh s8,00 0 t o n s , r e s p o n d s i n s t an t l y an d p re c i s e l y t o t h e l o n e o p e r a t o r s h a n d

    o n a l ev e r j u s t t h re e i n ch e s l o n g . H i s s l i gh t e s t t o u ch g o ve r n s 2 10 0 t o n s

    of moving weigh t a nd can ap p ly 50,000 tons o f forg ing fo rce .

    V i t a l s t a t i s t i c s o n t h e s y s t em a re s t ag g e r i n g . T h e re a re 2 3 m a j o r

    co n t ro l v a l ves , s om e o f th e m we i gh i n g a s m u ch a s 1 2 t o n s . F l u i d f l o ws

    ra nge f rom 11,750 ga l lon s pe r m inu te (gpm ) h igh p re ssur e to 26 ,438 gpm

    p r e f i l l p r e s s u r e e n o u g h t o f i ll a g o o d -s i ze d h o u s e t o i t s r a f t e r s i n l e s st h an 60 s eco n d s .

    E i g h t m a i n cyl i n d e r s -- a l l 6 0 i n ch e s i n d i a m e t e r -- d e l i ve r t h e p r e s s s

    wo rk i n g fo rce t o ad van c i n g th e p r e s s p l a t en . Fo u r f i l l in g ch eck va l v es ,

    we i g h i n g ab o u t 12 t o n s ea ch an d s t an d i n g n i n e f ee t t a l l , p r e -f il l t h e s e

    m a i n c y l i n d e r s t o b r i n g t h e p l a t e n q u i c k l y i n t o i t s f i r s t c o n t a c t w i t h t h e

    w o r k p i e c e . F o u r p u l l b a c k c yl i n d e r s m o ve t h e p l a t e n b a c k t h r o u g h t h ere t u r n p o r t i o n o f i t s cy cl e .

    T h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e co n t ro l v a l v es a re d r i v en an d s y n ch ro n i zed b y a

    camshaft 30 long.

    T w o c l o s e d - l o o p e l e c t r o n i c - h y d r a u l i c s e r v o s y s t e m s w o r k s i m u l t a n e o u s l yas t h e p r e s s o p e r a t e s . On e o f t h e s e s ys t em s co n t r o l s th e p o s i t i o n o f t h e

    m a i n cam s h a f t , wh i ch t h ro u g h p o s i t i v e l i n k ag e ac t u a t e s m o s t o f t h es ys t em s o p e r a t i n g va l v es . A s i gn a l i s t r an s m i t t ed f ro m t h e o p e r a t o r s

    co n t ro l l ev e r , t h r o u g h t h e e l e c t ro n i c -h y d ra u l i c s e rv o con t r o l c ir cu i t ry ,r e s u l t i n g i n p o s i t i v e m ech an i ca l p o s i t i o n i n g o f a l l co n t ro l v a l v es ,

    e f fe c t i n g a c o r r e s p o n d i n g a n d p r o p o r t i o n a t e s p e e d a n d p o s i ti o n o f t h e

    p r e s s p l a t e n . Cl o se d -l o op f e e d b a c k c i r c u i t s m a i n t a i n a p r e c i se r e s p o n s ee q u a l t o t h e m o v e m e n t o f t h e o p e r a t o r s c o n t r o l l e ve r .

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    5

    I n a d d i t i on t o t h e m a i n d r i ve s y st e m , th e p r e s s h a s a u n i q u e t i lt c o n t r o l

    s y s t em . T h i s was d es i g n ed t o co m p en s a t e i n s t an t l y fo r o u t -o f - l ev e lc o n d i t i o n s c a u s e d d u r i n g t h e p o w e r s t r o k e b y i r r e g u l a r l y s h a p e dfo rg i n g s . T h e eccen t r i c l o ad s wo u l d c rea t e h i g h s t r e s s e s i n l o ca l i zed

    p o r t i o n s of th e p r e s s s t r u c t u r e , w e a k e n i n g it a n d l e a d i n g t o p r e m a t u r e

    fa i l u r e u n l e s s c o u n t e r a c t e d i m m e d i a t e l y. Th e d i gi t a l a n a l o g l e ve l i n g

    s y s t e m u s e s f o u r e n c o d e r s t o m o n i t o r a n d c o m p a r e i n s t a n t l y t h e

    p o s i t i o n s o f t h e m o v i n g p l a t en s fo u r co rn e r s . Ac t u a l p o s i t i o n o f t h ep l a t e n i s s h o wn o n a vi d e o d i s p l a y s cr e e n a t t h e o p e r a t o r s s t a t i on .

    T h e s e s i gn a l s a r e a l s o fe d t h r o u gh a s e r v o m e c h a n i s m t o t w o b a l a n c i n g

    v a l v es t o m ak e n eces s a ry co r rec t i o n s au t o m a t i ca l l y b y d i r ec t i n g h i g hp r e s s u r e f l u i d t o t h e p r o p e r m a i n c y l i n d e r s .

    Conc lus ion

    Cr e d i t fo r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h i s m a m m o t h p r e s s m u s t b e g i ve n n o t

    o n l y t o t h e b u i l d e r b u t t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A i r F o r c e , i t s Ai r M a t e r i a lC o m m an d an d , i n p a r t i cu l a r , t o i t s In d u s t r i a l R es o u rces D i v i s i o n , fo r

    t h e i r l e a d e r s h i p i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f n e w m a n u f a c t u r i n g m e t h o d s a n di n t h e ex p l o ra t i o n o f n ew g ro u n d . T h ey h av e n o t h e s i t a t ed t o m o v ea h e a d w h e n m u c h o f i n d u s t r y w a s s a t is fi e d w i t h t h e a v a i la b l e k n o w le d g ean d k n o w-h o w. T h ey h av e u r ged , i m p l o re d , an d a l s o p u s h e d ; t h ey h av e

    u s ed can d y , an d s o m e t i m es t h e wh i p - - b u t i n a l l c a s e s t h ey werep o i n t i n g t owar d s m o re k n o wl ed g e , b e t t e r k n o w-h o w, n e w m e t h o d s , an d

    d e e p e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g .

    T h e e n gi n e e r i n g e x c e l l e n c e a n d c r e a t i ve i m a g i n a t i on t h a t i s r e p r e s e n t e di n t h i s m a s s i ve 5 0,0 00 to n c l o s e d d i e fo r g e p r e s s i s a m i l e s t o n e i n m a n ' sa d v a n c e m e n t i n t e c h n o l ogy.

    F r o m t h e s t r o n g a r m a n d t h e h a m m e r b e a t i n g h o t m e t a l i n t o d u r a b l e

    t o o ls , we h av e a d v an ced t h e forg i n g tech n o l o gy, t h ro u gh t h e u s e o f t h i s

    co m p l ex e n g i n ee r i n g c rea t i o n , t o fo rg e l i gh t m e t a l for s p a ce c ra f t t h a tw i ll s o on p a s s o u t o f o u r s o l a r s ys t e m a n d w a n d e r t h r o u gh t h e e o n s o f t i m e e x p l o r i n g o u r ga l a x y .

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    F i gu r e 1

    T h e M e s t a 5 0,0 00 t on h y d r a u l i c c l o s e d d i e fo r g i n g p r e s s .

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    F i g u r e 2

    M a c h i n i n g a c a s t s t e e l b a s e s e c t i o n o n a M e s t a 1 8 i n c h h o r i z o n t a lb o r i n g a n d m i l l i n g m a c h i n e .

    F i g u r e 3

    M il l i n g a n u p p e r b a s e s e c t i o n . O ve r 2 98 to n s o f st e e l w a s p o u r e di n t h e M e s t a f o u n d r y t o m a k e t h i s c a s t i n g .

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    F i g u r e 4

    A n u p p e r m o v i n g c r o s s h e a d s e c t i o n c a s t f r o m 6 57 to n s o f st e e l i nt h e M e s t a f o u n d r y .

    F i g u r e 5

    C h e c k i n g a p r e s s u r e c y l i n d e r p o r t i n o n e o f t h e s t a t i o n a r y

    c r o s sh e a d s w i th a m i c r o m e t e r .

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    F i g u r e 6

    S h i p p i n g a s t a t i o n a r y c r o ss h e a d r e q u i r e d a f l a t c a r w i t h a 2 50 to n

    c a p a c i t y .

    F i gu r e 7

    F i n i s h i n g on e o f th e e i gh t f o r ge d a l l o y s t e e l p r e s s u r e c yl i n d e r so n a M e s t a 1 10 i n c h t u r n i n g a n d b o r i n g l a t h e . E a c h c y l in d e r

    w a s m a c h i n e d t o a n i n s i d e d i a m e t e r o f 5 fe e t 1/2 i n c h a n d 1 1

    fee t 7-1/2 inc h.

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    F i g u r e 8

    One o f the e igh t a l loy s tee l co lum ns fo rged f rom a 270 ton in got

    on a M es ta hydrau l i c fo rg ing p res s .

    F i g u r e 9

    T u r n i n g a n d t r e p a n n i n g a 1 0 i n c h d i a m e t e r h o l e t h r o u gh o n e o f

    t h e p r e s s c o l u m n s o n a Me s t a 9 6 i n c h t u r n i n g a n d b o r i n g la t h e .

    T h e e i gh t co l u m n s we re f in i s h e d t o 40 i n ch d i am e t e r b y 76 f ee t

    long.

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    F i gu r e 10

    T h e h yd r o -p n e u m a t i c p r e s s u r e s ys t e m c o n t a i n s f ou r a c c u m u l a t o rb o t t l e s m a i n t a i n i n g a p re s s u re o f 4,500 p o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n ch .

    E ach p re s s u re b o t t l e was fo rg ed i n o n e p i ece b y M es t a f ro m a195 ton a l loy s t e e l ingo t .

    F i gu r e 11

    L o wer i n g t h e m as s i ve s t a t i o n a ry c ro s s h ead s i n t o p o s i t io n o ve r

    e i g h t p r e s s u r e c y l i n d e r s a n d e i g h t c o l u m n s .