mental disorders - aggie horticulture disorders.pdfmental disorders mood disorders major depressive...

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERSIn the U.S., mental disorders are In the U.S., mental disorders are

diagnosed based on the diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,

fourth edition (DSMfourth edition (DSM--IV)IV). .

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERS

Mental disorders are common in the Mental disorders are common in the United States and internationally. United States and internationally. An estimated 22.1 percent of Americans An estimated 22.1 percent of Americans ages 18 and olderages 18 and older——about 1 in 5 adultsabout 1 in 5 adults——suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.in a given year.When applied to the 1998 U.S. Census When applied to the 1998 U.S. Census residential population estimate, this figure residential population estimate, this figure translates to 44.3 million people. translates to 44.3 million people.

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERS

Many people suffer from more than one Many people suffer from more than one mental disorder at a given time.mental disorder at a given time.4 of the 10 4 of the 10 leading causes of disabilityleading causes of disability in in the U.S. and other developed countries the U.S. and other developed countries are mental disordersare mental disorders

major depressionmajor depressionbipolar disorderbipolar disorderschizophreniaschizophreniaobsessiveobsessive--compulsive disordercompulsive disorder

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERSMOOD DISORDERSMOOD DISORDERS

Depressive disorders encompass major depressive Depressive disorders encompass major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and bipolar disorder. disorder, dysthymic disorder, and bipolar disorder. Approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5 Approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year, have a depressive disorder. given year, have a depressive disorder. Nearly twice as many women (12.0 percent) as men (6.6 Nearly twice as many women (12.0 percent) as men (6.6 percent) are affected by a depressive disorder each percent) are affected by a depressive disorder each year. These figures translate to 12.4 million women and year. These figures translate to 12.4 million women and 6.4 million men in the U.S. 6.4 million men in the U.S. Depressive disorders may be appearing earlier in life in Depressive disorders may be appearing earlier in life in people born in recent decades compared to the past. people born in recent decades compared to the past. Depressive disorders often coDepressive disorders often co--occur with anxiety occur with anxiety disorders and substance abuse. disorders and substance abuse.


Major Depressive DisorderMajor Depressive DisorderMajor depressive disorder is the leading cause of Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability in the U.S. and established market economies disability in the U.S. and established market economies worldwide. worldwide. Major depressive disorder affects approximately 9.9 Major depressive disorder affects approximately 9.9 million American adults, or about 5.0 percent of the U.S. million American adults, or about 5.0 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. population age 18 and older in a given year. Nearly twice as many women (6.5 percent) as men (3.3 Nearly twice as many women (6.5 percent) as men (3.3 percent) suffer from major depressive disorder each percent) suffer from major depressive disorder each year. These figures translate to 6.7 million women and year. These figures translate to 6.7 million women and 3.2 million men. 3.2 million men. While major depressive disorder can develop at any age, While major depressive disorder can develop at any age, the average age at onset is the midthe average age at onset is the mid--twenties. twenties.


Major Depressive DisorderMajor Depressive Disorderfive or more of the following symptoms have been present during five or more of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2the same 2--week period; at least one is depressed mood or loss of week period; at least one is depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasureinterest or pleasure

depressed mooddepressed moodmarkedly diminished interest in pleasuremarkedly diminished interest in pleasuresignificant weight loss or weight gainsignificant weight loss or weight gaininsomnia or hypersomniainsomnia or hypersomniapsychomotor agitation or retardationpsychomotor agitation or retardationfatiguefatiguefeelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guiltfeelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guiltdiminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisivenessdiminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisivenessrecurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation withoutrecurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation withouta specific plana specific plan


Bipolar DisorderBipolar DisorderBipolar disorder affects approximately 2.3 Bipolar disorder affects approximately 2.3 million American adults, or about 1.2 million American adults, or about 1.2 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. older in a given year. Men and women are equally likely to Men and women are equally likely to develop bipolar disorder. develop bipolar disorder. The average age at onset for a first manic The average age at onset for a first manic episode is the early twenties. episode is the early twenties.


Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disordermanic episodes with or without periods of depressionmanic episodes with or without periods of depressionmanic episode characterized as a distinct period of abnormally manic episode characterized as a distinct period of abnormally

and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, lasting lasting at least 1 week; including three or more of the following:at least 1 week; including three or more of the following:

grandiosity, inflated selfgrandiosity, inflated self--esteemesteemdecreased need for sleepdecreased need for sleepmore talkative than usualmore talkative than usualflight of ideas, racing thoughtsflight of ideas, racing thoughtsdistractibilitydistractibilityincrease in goalincrease in goal--oriented activityoriented activityexcessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a highexcessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a highpotential for painful consequences, unrestrained buying, sexual potential for painful consequences, unrestrained buying, sexual indiscretions or foolish business investmentsindiscretions or foolish business investments

MENTAL DISORDERS: MENTAL DISORDERS: DELIRIUM, DEMENTIA, AMNESTIC AND DELIRIUM, DEMENTIA, AMNESTIC AND

OTHER COGNITIVE DISORDERSOTHER COGNITIVE DISORDERS

DeliriumDeliriumdisturbance of consciousness disturbance of consciousness

(reduced clarity of awareness of the (reduced clarity of awareness of the environment) environment)

reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attentionattentionchange in cognition change in cognition

(memory deficit, disorientation, language (memory deficit, disorientation, language disturbance)disturbance)

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:DEMENTIADEMENTIA

development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both memory impairment memory impairment

(inability to recall information or learn new information) (inability to recall information or learn new information) with one or more of the following:with one or more of the following:aphasia (language disturbance)aphasia (language disturbance)apraxia ( impaired ability to carry out motor activities apraxia ( impaired ability to carry out motor activities

despite despite intact motor function)intact motor function)agnosia (failure to recognize or identify objects despite agnosia (failure to recognize or identify objects despite

intact sensory function)intact sensory function)disturbance in executive functioning (planning, disturbance in executive functioning (planning,

organizing, sequencing, abstracting)organizing, sequencing, abstracting)Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type with Early OnsetDementia of the Alzheimer’s Type with Early OnsetDementia of the Alzheimer’s Type with Late OnsetDementia of the Alzheimer’s Type with Late OnsetVascular DementiaVascular DementiaDementia due to other causesDementia due to other causes

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:

Alzheimer's DiseaseAlzheimer's DiseaseAlzheimer's disease, the most common cause of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older, dementia among people age 65 and older, affects an estimated 4 million Americans. affects an estimated 4 million Americans. As more and more Americans live longer, the As more and more Americans live longer, the number affected by Alzheimer's disease will number affected by Alzheimer's disease will continue to grow unless a cure or effective continue to grow unless a cure or effective prevention is discovered. prevention is discovered. The duration of illness, from onset of symptoms The duration of illness, from onset of symptoms to death, averages 8 to 10 years. to death, averages 8 to 10 years.

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER

PSYCHOTIC DISORDERSPSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

SchizophreniaSchizophreniatwo or more of the following, each present for a two or more of the following, each present for a significant significant portion of time during a 1portion of time during a 1--month periodmonth period

delusionsdelusionshallucinationshallucinationsdisorganized speechdisorganized speechgrossly disorganized or catatonic behaviorgrossly disorganized or catatonic behaviornegative symptoms, i.e. affective flattening, negative symptoms, i.e. affective flattening,

alogia, or avolitionalogia, or avolitionsocial/occupational dysfunctionsocial/occupational dysfunctionsigns of disturbance persist for at least six monthssigns of disturbance persist for at least six months

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER

PSYCHOTIC DISORDERSPSYCHOTIC DISORDERSSchizophreniform DisorderSchizophreniform DisorderSchizoaffective disorderSchizoaffective disorderDelusional DisorderDelusional DisorderBrief Psychotic DisorderBrief Psychotic DisorderShared Psychotic DisorderShared Psychotic DisorderPsychotic Disorder NOSPsychotic Disorder NOS

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:SCHIZOPHRENIASCHIZOPHRENIA

Approximately 2.2 million American adults, or Approximately 2.2 million American adults, or about 1.1 percent of the population age 18 and about 1.1 percent of the population age 18 and older in a given year, have schizophrenia. older in a given year, have schizophrenia. Schizophrenia affects men and women with Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency. equal frequency. Schizophrenia often first appears earlier in men, Schizophrenia often first appears earlier in men, usually in their late teens or early twenties, than usually in their late teens or early twenties, than in women, who are generally affected in their in women, who are generally affected in their twenties or early thirties. twenties or early thirties.

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERSANXIETY DISORDERSANXIETY DISORDERS

Virtually everyone has one thing or situation that is Virtually everyone has one thing or situation that is a source of fear and subsequent avoidance. a source of fear and subsequent avoidance.

It is only when the fear is excessive or It is only when the fear is excessive or unreasonable and is clinically significant that a unreasonable and is clinically significant that a diagnosis of a phobic disorder is warranted. diagnosis of a phobic disorder is warranted.

Examples include fear of height, flying, animals, Examples include fear of height, flying, animals, injections, blood, storms, elevators, enclosed injections, blood, storms, elevators, enclosed places, etc.places, etc.


Anxiety DisordersAnxiety DisordersAnxiety disorders include panic disorder, Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessiveobsessive--compulsive disorder, postcompulsive disorder, post--traumatic stress disorder, generalized traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias (social anxiety disorder, and phobias (social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobia).phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobia).


Panic Disorder with AgorophobiaPanic Disorder with AgorophobiaPanic disorder without AgorophobiaPanic disorder without AgorophobiaAgorophobia without Panic DisorderAgorophobia without Panic DisorderSocial PhobiaSocial PhobiaObsessiveObsessive--Compulsive DisorderCompulsive DisorderPosttraumatic Stress DisorderPosttraumatic Stress DisorderAcute Stress DisorderAcute Stress DisorderGeneralized Anxiety DisorderGeneralized Anxiety DisorderAnxiety Disorder NOSAnxiety Disorder NOSSpecific Phobias (fear of an animal, heights, closed Specific Phobias (fear of an animal, heights, closed spaces, weather phenomena, etc.)spaces, weather phenomena, etc.)


Approximately 19.1 million American adults ages 18 to Approximately 19.1 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or about 13.3 percent of people in this age group in 54, or about 13.3 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder. a given year, have an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders frequently coAnxiety disorders frequently co--occur with depressive occur with depressive disorders, eating disorders, or substance abuse. disorders, eating disorders, or substance abuse. Many people have more than one anxiety disorder. Many people have more than one anxiety disorder. Women are more likely than men to have an anxiety Women are more likely than men to have an anxiety disorder. Approximately twice as many women as men disorder. Approximately twice as many women as men suffer from panic disorder, postsuffer from panic disorder, post--traumatic stress traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia, though about equal numbers of women specific phobia, though about equal numbers of women and men have obsessiveand men have obsessive--compulsive disorder and social compulsive disorder and social phobia. phobia.


Panic DisorderPanic DisorderApproximately 2.4 million American adults ages Approximately 2.4 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or about 1.7 percent of people in this 18 to 54, or about 1.7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have panic disorder. age group in a given year, have panic disorder. Panic disorder typically develops in late Panic disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. adolescence or early adulthood. About one in three people with panic disorder About one in three people with panic disorder develop develop agoraphobiaagoraphobia, a condition in which they , a condition in which they become afraid of being in any place or situation become afraid of being in any place or situation where escape might be difficult or help where escape might be difficult or help unavailable in the event of a panic attack. unavailable in the event of a panic attack.

MENTAL HEALTH:MENTAL HEALTH:Eating DisordersEating Disorders

The three main types of eating disorders The three main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and bingeand binge--eating disorder.eating disorder.


Between 2 percent and 5 percent of Americans Between 2 percent and 5 percent of Americans experience bingeexperience binge--eating disorder in a 6eating disorder in a 6--month periodmonth periodFemales are more likely than males to develop an eating Females are more likely than males to develop an eating disorderdisorder5 to 15 percent of people with anorexia or bulimia and 5 to 15 percent of people with anorexia or bulimia and 35 percent of those with binge35 percent of those with binge--eating disorder are male eating disorder are male In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 percent In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 percent of females suffer from anorexia and an estimated 1.1 of females suffer from anorexia and an estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent suffer from bulimia percent to 4.2 percent suffer from bulimia The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or approximately 5.6 estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or approximately 5.6 percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than the annual death rate due to all causes of death among the annual death rate due to all causes of death among females ages 15females ages 15--24 in the general population. 24 in the general population.


Anorexia Nervosa refusal to maintain body Anorexia Nervosa refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height; intense fear of gaining for age and height; intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though weight or becoming fat, even though underweightunderweightBulimia Nervosa frequent binge eating Bulimia Nervosa frequent binge eating accompanied by inappropriate compensatory accompanied by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to avoid gaining weight though usually behaviors to avoid gaining weight though usually normal weight or overweightnormal weight or overweight

MENTAL HEALTH:MENTAL HEALTH:SOMATOFORM DISORDERSSOMATOFORM DISORDERS

Somatization Disorder (psychologically based physical Somatization Disorder (psychologically based physical complaints)complaints)Conversion Disorder (psychologically based neural Conversion Disorder (psychologically based neural complaints)complaints)Pain Disorder (pain in one or more anatomical sites; Pain Disorder (pain in one or more anatomical sites; severity to warrant clinical attention; causes significant severity to warrant clinical attention; causes significant distress or impairment of social, occupation or other distress or impairment of social, occupation or other important areas of functioning; psychological factors an important areas of functioning; psychological factors an important role in the onset, etc.important role in the onset, etc.Hypochondriasis (preoccupation with fears of having a Hypochondriasis (preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease)serious disease)Body Dysmorphic Disorder (preoccupation with an Body Dysmorphic Disorder (preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance)imagined defect in appearance)

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative Amnesiareversible inability to retrieve memories not due to a reversible inability to retrieve memories not due to a general medical condition or substance use; memories general medical condition or substance use; memories usually of a traumatic or stressful, personal natureusually of a traumatic or stressful, personal nature

Dissociative FugueDissociative Fuguesudden, unexpected travel away from home or one's sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one's customary place of work with inability to recall one's customary place of work with inability to recall one's pastpast

Dissociative Identity DisorderDissociative Identity Disorderpresence of two or more distinct identities or presence of two or more distinct identities or personality statespersonality states

Depersonalization DisorderDepersonalization Disorderindividual feels as if he or she is watching his life go by individual feels as if he or she is watching his life go by as if in a dream or a movieas if in a dream or a movie

MENTAL DISORDERS: SEXUAL AND MENTAL DISORDERS: SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERSGENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS

Sexual Desire DisordersSexual Desire DisordersSexual Arousal DisordersSexual Arousal DisordersOrgasmic DisordersOrgasmic DisordersSexual Pain DisordersSexual Pain DisordersSexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical ConditionSexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical Condition......ParaphiliasParaphilias

ExhibitionismExhibitionismFetishismFetishismFrotteurismFrotteurismPedophiliaPedophiliaSexual MasochismSexual MasochismSexual SadismSexual SadismTransvestic FetishismTransvestic FetishismVoyeurismVoyeurismParaphilia NOSParaphilia NOS


ParaphiliasParaphiliasExhibitionismExhibitionismFetishismFetishismFrotteurismFrotteurismPedophiliaPedophiliaSexual MasochismSexual MasochismSexual SadismSexual SadismTransvestic FetishismTransvestic FetishismVoyeurismVoyeurismParaphilia NOSParaphilia NOS


Gender Identity DisordersGender Identity DisordersGender Identity Disorder in ChildrenGender Identity Disorder in ChildrenGender Identity Disorder in Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents or AdultsAdolescents or Adults

MENTAL DISORDERS:MENTAL DISORDERS:SLEEP DISORDERSSLEEP DISORDERS

Primary Sleep Disorders: DysomniaPrimary Sleep Disorders: DysomniaPrimary Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep, waking Primary Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep, waking intermittently, awakening with inability to go back to sleep)intermittently, awakening with inability to go back to sleep)Primary Hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness for a month or Primary Hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness for a month or more, sleep episodes during the daytime)more, sleep episodes during the daytime)Dysomnia NOSDysomnia NOS

Primary Sleep Disorders: ParasomniasPrimary Sleep Disorders: ParasomniasNightmare DisorderNightmare DisorderSleep Terror DisorderSleep Terror DisorderSleepwalking DisorderSleepwalking DisorderParasomnia NOSParasomnia NOS

MENTAL DISORDERS: MENTAL DISORDERS: IMPULSEIMPULSE--CONTROL DISORDERS NOT CONTROL DISORDERS NOT

ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIEDELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Intermittent Explosive DisorderIntermittent Explosive DisorderKleptomaniaKleptomaniaPyromaniaPyromaniaPathological GamblingPathological GamblingTrichotillomaniaTrichotillomaniaImpulseImpulse--Control Disorder NOSControl Disorder NOS

MENTAL HEALTH:MENTAL HEALTH:PERSONALITY DISORDERSPERSONALITY DISORDERS

Personality Personality -- our own personal and our own personal and particular pattern of experiencing and particular pattern of experiencing and interacting with our environment and with interacting with our environment and with other peopleother peoplePersonality Disorders are abnormal Personality Disorders are abnormal personality traitspersonality traits


Paranoid Personality Disorder (tendency to be suspicious, Paranoid Personality Disorder (tendency to be suspicious, mistrustful, hypervigilant and preoccupied with being exploited mistrustful, hypervigilant and preoccupied with being exploited or or betrayed by others)betrayed by others)Schizoid Personality Disorder (profound defect in the individuaSchizoid Personality Disorder (profound defect in the individual's l's ability to form personal relationships or to respond to others iability to form personal relationships or to respond to others in an n an emotionally meaningful wayemotionally meaningful waySchizotypal Personality Disorder (encompasses a combination of Schizotypal Personality Disorder (encompasses a combination of odd or peculiar behavior, speech, thought and perception)odd or peculiar behavior, speech, thought and perception)Antisocial Personality Disorder (socially irresponsible, exploiAntisocial Personality Disorder (socially irresponsible, exploitative tative and guiltless behavior; person engages in the deception and and guiltless behavior; person engages in the deception and manipulation of others for personal gain and fails to abide by tmanipulation of others for personal gain and fails to abide by the he law, sustain consistent employment and develop stable law, sustain consistent employment and develop stable relationships)relationships)Borderline Personality Disorder (intense and chaotic relationshBorderline Personality Disorder (intense and chaotic relationships ips with fluctuating and extreme attitudes toward otherswith fluctuating and extreme attitudes toward othersHistrionic Personality Disorder (attention seeking, self dramatHistrionic Personality Disorder (attention seeking, self dramatizing, izing, excessively gregarious, seductive , manipulative, exhibitionistiexcessively gregarious, seductive , manipulative, exhibitionistic, c, shallow, labile, vain and demanding)shallow, labile, vain and demanding)


Narcissistic Personality Disorder (egocentric, grandiose, entitNarcissistic Personality Disorder (egocentric, grandiose, entitled, led, shallow, exploitative, arrogant and preoccupied with fame, wealtshallow, exploitative, arrogant and preoccupied with fame, wealth h and achievement; generally lacks empathy and consideration for tand achievement; generally lacks empathy and consideration for the he feelings of others; often exquisitely hypersensitive to evaluatifeelings of others; often exquisitely hypersensitive to evaluation or on or criticism)criticism)Avoidant Personality Disorder (inhibited, introverted, and anxiAvoidant Personality Disorder (inhibited, introverted, and anxious ous behavior with low selfbehavior with low self--esteem, hypersensitivity to rejection, social esteem, hypersensitivity to rejection, social awkwa4dness, timidity, social discomfort and selfawkwa4dness, timidity, social discomfort and self--conscious fears of conscious fears of being embarrassed or acting foolish)being embarrassed or acting foolish)Dependent Personality Disorder (excessive reliance on others thDependent Personality Disorder (excessive reliance on others that at is reflected in the person's tendency to permit others to make is reflected in the person's tendency to permit others to make important decisions, to feel helpless when alone, to subjugate himportant decisions, to feel helpless when alone, to subjugate his or is or her own needs to those of others to tolerate mistreatment and faher own needs to those of others to tolerate mistreatment and fail il to be appropriately selfto be appropriately self--assertive; often living with controlling, assertive; often living with controlling, domineering, overprotective and infantilizing persondomineering, overprotective and infantilizing personObsessiveObsessive--Compulsive Personality Disorder (perfectionist, Compulsive Personality Disorder (perfectionist, constricted, and excessively disciplined; behavior is rigid, forconstricted, and excessively disciplined; behavior is rigid, formal, mal, emotionally cool, distant, intellectualizing and detailed)emotionally cool, distant, intellectualizing and detailed)

MENTAL HEALTH:MENTAL HEALTH:SUBSTANCESUBSTANCE––RELATED DISORDERSRELATED DISORDERS

Substance Abuse: Substance Abuse: person is often intoxicated from substance person is often intoxicated from substance throughout the day and, despite all throughout the day and, despite all efforts, is unable to cut consumption in efforts, is unable to cut consumption in any consistent wayany consistent waystate of intoxication is deep enough that state of intoxication is deep enough that the person fails in important obligations to the person fails in important obligations to friends and family and at workfriends and family and at workAt least one month’s durationAt least one month’s duration


Substance Dependence:Substance Dependence:Physiological Dependence (addiction) a person’s Physiological Dependence (addiction) a person’s body needs more and more of the substance to body needs more and more of the substance to achieve its effect and the person suffers achieve its effect and the person suffers withdrawal when the substance’s use is cut back withdrawal when the substance’s use is cut back or eliminatedor eliminatedPsychological Dependence is nonPsychological Dependence is non--addicting addicting reliance on a substance; the drug is taken to reliance on a substance; the drug is taken to make stressful or anxiety provoking situations make stressful or anxiety provoking situations more bearablemore bearable


AlcoholAlcohol--Related DisordersRelated Disorders

Alcohol Use DisordersAlcohol Use Disorders-- Alcohol DependenceAlcohol Dependence-- Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Abuse

AlcoholAlcohol--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders


AlcoholAlcohol--Induced Disorders:Induced Disorders:

Alcohol IntoxicationAlcohol IntoxicationAlcohol WithdrawalAlcohol WithdrawalAlcohol Intoxication Alcohol Intoxication DeliriumDeliriumAlcohol Withdrawal Alcohol Withdrawal DeliriumDeliriumAlcoholAlcohol--Induced Induced Persisting DementiaPersisting DementiaAlcoholAlcohol--Induced Induced Persisting Persisting AmnesticAmnesticDisorder

AlcoholAlcohol--Induced Psychotic Induced Psychotic DisorderDisorderAlcoholAlcohol--Induced Mood Induced Mood DisorderDisorderAlcoholAlcohol--Induced Anxiety Induced Anxiety DisorderDisorderAlcoholAlcohol--Induced Sexual Induced Sexual DysfunctionDysfunctionAlcoholAlcohol--Induced Sleep Induced Sleep DisorderDisorderAlcoholAlcohol--Related Disorder Related Disorder NOS

DisorderNOS


Amphetamine (or AmphetamineAmphetamine (or Amphetamine--Like) Related Like) Related DisordersDisordersAmphetamine Use DisordersAmphetamine Use DisordersAmphetamineAmphetamine--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders

CannabisCannabis--Related DisordersRelated DisordersCannabis Use disordersCannabis Use disordersCannabisCannabis--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders

CocaineCocaine--Related DisordersRelated DisordersCocaine Use DisordersCocaine Use DisordersCocaineCocaine--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders


HallucinogenHallucinogen--Related DisordersRelated DisordersHallucinogen Use DisordersHallucinogen Use DisordersHallucinogenHallucinogen--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders

InhalantInhalant--Related DisordersRelated DisordersInhalant use DisorderInhalant use DisorderInhalantInhalant--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders

OpioidOpioid--Related DisordersRelated DisordersOpioidOpioid Use disordersUse disordersOpioidOpioid--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders


Phencyclidine (Or PhencyclidinePhencyclidine (Or Phencyclidine--Like) Related Like) Related DisordersDisordersPhencyclidine Use DisordersPhencyclidine Use DisordersPhencyclidinePhencyclidine--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders

SedativeSedative--, Hypnotic, Hypnotic-- or or AnxiolyticAnxiolytic--Related Related DisordersDisordersSedative, Hypnotic or Sedative, Hypnotic or AnxiolyticAnxiolytic Use DisordersUse DisordersSedativeSedative--, Hypnotic, Hypnotic-- or or AnxiolyticAnxiolytic--Induced Induced DisordersDisorders

PolysubstancePolysubstance--Related DisorderRelated DisorderOther SubstanceOther Substance--Related DisordersRelated Disorders


CaffeineCaffeine--Related DisordersRelated DisordersCaffeineCaffeine--Induced DisordersInduced Disorders

NicotineNicotine--Related DisordersRelated DisordersNicotine Use DisorderNicotine Use DisorderNicotineNicotine--Induced DisorderInduced Disorder


Alcohol Use:Alcohol Use:121 million (50.3 %) Americans aged 12 or older 121 million (50.3 %) Americans aged 12 or older were current drinkers of alcohol in 2004 were current drinkers of alcohol in 2004 55 million (22.8 %) participated in binge 55 million (22.8 %) participated in binge drinking (defined as five or more drinks on at drinking (defined as five or more drinks on at least one occasion in the 30 days prior to the least one occasion in the 30 days prior to the survey)survey)16.7 million (6.9 %) were heavy drinkers, 16.7 million (6.9 %) were heavy drinkers, (defined as binge drinking on 5 or more days in (defined as binge drinking on 5 or more days in the past month)the past month)


Underage drinking Underage drinking 10.8 million persons (28.7 %) aged 12 to 10.8 million persons (28.7 %) aged 12 to

20 reported drinking alcohol in the month 20 reported drinking alcohol in the month prior to the survey interview in 2004 prior to the survey interview in 2004 7.4 million (19.6 %) were binge drinkers7.4 million (19.6 %) were binge drinkers2.4 million (6.3 %) were heavy drinkers2.4 million (6.3 %) were heavy drinkers


Among persons aged 12 to 20 in 2004, past month Among persons aged 12 to 20 in 2004, past month alcohol use rates:alcohol use rates:16.4 % among Asians16.4 % among Asians19.1 % among blacks19.1 % among blacks24.3 % among American Indians or Alaska 24.3 % among American Indians or Alaska NativesNatives26.4 % among those reporting two or more 26.4 % among those reporting two or more racesraces26.6 % among Hispanics26.6 % among Hispanics32.6 % among whites32.6 % among whites


The highest prevalence of binge and The highest prevalence of binge and heavy drinking in 2004 was for young heavy drinking in 2004 was for young adults aged 18 to 25 (41.2 and 15.1 adults aged 18 to 25 (41.2 and 15.1 percent, respectively). percent, respectively). The peak rate of both measures occurred The peak rate of both measures occurred at age 21 (48.2 and 19.2 percent, at age 21 (48.2 and 19.2 percent, respectively).respectively).


Illicit Drug Use In 2004:Illicit Drug Use In 2004:19.1 million Americans (7.9 %) aged 12 or older, were 19.1 million Americans (7.9 %) aged 12 or older, were current illicit drug users. (used an illicit drug during the current illicit drug users. (used an illicit drug during the month prior to the survey interview)month prior to the survey interview)12.3 million (75.2 %) of the 16.4 million illicit drug users 12.3 million (75.2 %) of the 16.4 million illicit drug users aged 18 or older in 2004, were employed either full or aged 18 or older in 2004, were employed either full or part timepart time19.2 % of unemployed adults aged 18 or older were 19.2 % of unemployed adults aged 18 or older were current illicit drug current illicit drug 8.0 % of those employed full time 8.0 % of those employed full time

10.3 % of those employed part time10.3 % of those employed part time


Substance Abuse StatisticsSubstance Abuse Statistics70% of those who use drugs are employed70% of those who use drugs are employed23% of those who use drugs admit to drug use on the 23% of those who use drugs admit to drug use on the jobjob44% of those who use drugs obtain their supply at their 44% of those who use drugs obtain their supply at their place of employmentplace of employment18% of drug users steal from co18% of drug users steal from co--workers to support workers to support their addictiontheir addiction47% of industrial accidents and 40% of industrial deaths 47% of industrial accidents and 40% of industrial deaths can be linked to substance abusecan be linked to substance abuse

taken from www.drugfreeworks.comtaken from www.drugfreeworks.com


Young adults aged 18 to 22 enrolled full time in Young adults aged 18 to 22 enrolled full time in college were more likely than their peers not college were more likely than their peers not enrolled full time (this category includes partenrolled full time (this category includes part--time college students and persons not enrolled time college students and persons not enrolled in college) to use alcohol, binge drink, and drink in college) to use alcohol, binge drink, and drink heavily in 2004heavily in 2004Binge and heavy use rates for college students Binge and heavy use rates for college students were 43.4 and 18.6 percent, respectively, were 43.4 and 18.6 percent, respectively, compared with 39.4 and 13.5 percent, compared with 39.4 and 13.5 percent, respectively, for other persons aged 18 to 22.respectively, for other persons aged 18 to 22.


Substance abusers:Substance abusers:file twice as many worker's compensation claims as nonfile twice as many worker's compensation claims as non--abusersabusersare 1/3 less productiveare 1/3 less productiveare 2.2 times more likely to request early dismissal or are 2.2 times more likely to request early dismissal or time offtime offare 2.5 times more likely to be late for workare 2.5 times more likely to be late for workare 7 times more like to have wage garnishmentsare 7 times more like to have wage garnishmentsDrug abusers have 300% higher medical costs & Drug abusers have 300% higher medical costs & benefits benefits —— which increases health insurance premiums which increases health insurance premiums for allfor all

Taken from www.drugfreeworks.comTaken from www.drugfreeworks.com


Rates of illicit drug among youths aged 12 to 17 Rates of illicit drug among youths aged 12 to 17 26.0 percent American Indian or Alaska Native 26.0 percent American Indian or Alaska Native youths youths 12.2 percent for youths reporting two or more 12.2 percent for youths reporting two or more racesraces11.1 percent for white youths11.1 percent for white youths10.2 percent for Hispanic youths10.2 percent for Hispanic youths9.3 percent for black youths9.3 percent for black youths6.0 percent for Asian youths.6.0 percent for Asian youths.


14.6 million (6.1 percent ) current users of 14.6 million (6.1 percent ) current users of Marijuana Marijuana 2.0 million current Cocaine users2.0 million current Cocaine users(467,000 of whom used Crack)(467,000 of whom used Crack)929,000 current users of Hallucinogens929,000 current users of Hallucinogens166,000 current users of Heroin166,000 current users of Heroin


6.0 million persons (2.5 percent) were 6.0 million persons (2.5 percent) were current users of psychotherapeutic drugs current users of psychotherapeutic drugs taken nonmedically taken nonmedically

these included:these included:

4.4 million who used pain relievers4.4 million who used pain relievers1.6 million who used tranquilizers1.6 million who used tranquilizers1.2 million who used stimulants 1.2 million who used stimulants 0.3 million who used sedatives0.3 million who used sedatives


Most people addicted to a substance suffer Most people addicted to a substance suffer from chronic and severe emotional from chronic and severe emotional distress prior to it’s use characterized bydistress prior to it’s use characterized by

depressiondepression hopelessnesshopelessnessdistrustdistrust guiltguiltAngerAnger anxietyanxietypainpain interpersonal inhibitioninterpersonal inhibition

MENTAL HEALTH:MENTAL HEALTH:SUBSTANCESUBSTANCE––RELATED DISORDERSRELATED DISORDERSThe main goal of therapy is to help the clients establish The main goal of therapy is to help the clients establish themselves in meaningful and supporting roles in societythemselves in meaningful and supporting roles in societyRecovery is based on selfRecovery is based on self--help with the support and help with the support and concern of othersconcern of othersThe therapist’s role is to direct he person’s interests The therapist’s role is to direct he person’s interests toward activities that have a good chance of successtoward activities that have a good chance of successActivity therapy provides a means to activate and reActivity therapy provides a means to activate and re--socialize the withdrawn and isolated person and help socialize the withdrawn and isolated person and help them rethem re--establish social relationships, establish social relationships, Reduce fears of intimacy and tendernessReduce fears of intimacy and tendernessHelp develop selfHelp develop self--confidence, new interests and new confidence, new interests and new ways of selfways of self--expressionexpression


Role for horticulture:Role for horticulture:WellWell--structured tasksstructured tasksImmediate and longImmediate and long--term gratificationterm gratificationStimulate all of the sensesStimulate all of the sensesEmphasis on biological and organic processes in Emphasis on biological and organic processes in contrast to mechanical processes and goodscontrast to mechanical processes and goodsReduce stressReduce stressIncrease selfIncrease self--confidence and selfconfidence and self--accomplishmentaccomplishmentPut client in role of a care giver as well as a care Put client in role of a care giver as well as a care receiverreceiver


Types of horticultural projects:Types of horticultural projects:

Planting seedsPlanting seedsRooting cuttingsRooting cuttingsMaking dish gardensMaking dish gardensGreeting cards with Greeting cards with dried flowersdried flowersSeed picturesSeed picturesFloral arrangementFloral arrangementHouse plant I.D.

Mowing lawnMowing lawnPlanting vegetable Planting vegetable gardengardenCaring for landscapeCaring for landscapeNature walkNature walkVisit wildflower Visit wildflower meadowmeadowMaintain office plantsMaintain office plantsHouse plant I.D.

mental disorders - aggie horticulture disorders.pdfmental disorders mood disorders major depressive...

Documents