MENG286: INTRODUCTION TO

MATERIALS SCIENCE &

ENGINEERING

Source: http://www.wileyplus.com/

Fall 2015

2

COURSE MATERIALS

Required text: • Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,

W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition,

John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2010).

3

GRADING Biweekly quizzes: 15%

• Held at the beginning of tutorial hours

• Based on core textbook problems

Laboratory reports :15%

Midterm: 30%

Tentatively scheduled for: 20-30th of November

Material covered: Weeks 1-6

Final :40% Tentatively scheduled for: 12-27th of January

Material covered: Weeks 1-15

Four laboratory reports

*Discuss potential conflicts beforehand.

READING SCHEDULE

4

Week

1

2

3

4

5&6

7

10

11

12&13

14

15

Topic

General Intro; Atomic Bonding

Crystalline Structures

Imperfections

Diffusion

Mechanical Properties, Failure

Dislocation & Strengthening Mechanisms

Phase Diagrams

Applications & Processing of Metal Alloys

Structure, Properties, Processing, and

Application of Ceramics & Polymers

Composites

Corrosion & Degradation of Materials

Chapter

1,2

3

4

5

6&8

7

9

11

13-15

16

17

Lectures: will highlight important portions of each chapter.

CHAPTER 1 (1st session)

5

• how processing can change structure

This course will help you to: • use materials properly • realize new design opportunities with materials

Course Objective...

• Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials

Science and the role of materials in the design of

engineering systems.

You will learn about:

• material structure

• how structure dictates properties

INTRODUCTION

• Materials drive our society – Stone Age – Bronze Age (about 3000 BC) – Iron Age (about 1200 BC) – Now?

• Silicon Age? • Polymer Age?

• What is materials science? • Why should we know about it? • Materials science vs. materials engineering

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WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCI. & ENG.?

• To be able to select a material for a given use based

on considerations of cost and performance.

• To understand the limits of materials and the change

of their properties with use.

• To be able to create a new material that will have

some desirable properties.

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MATERIALS SICENCE VS MATERIALS ENG.

On the basis of structure-property correlations:

• Materials science involves investigating the relationship btw structures & properties of materials.

• Materials Eng. is designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.

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MATERIALS SICENCE VS MATERIALS ENG.

On the basis of functional prospective:

• The role of materials scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials

• Materials Eng. is called upon to create new products or systems using existing materials, and/or develop techniques for processing materials.

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TYPES OF MATERIALS

10

Most engineering materials can be classified into one of

three basic categories:

1. Metals

2. Ceramics

3. Polymers

Their chemistries are different, and their mechanical and

physical properties are different

In addition, there is a fourth category:

4. Composites -is a nonhomogeneous mixture of the other three types,

rather than a unique category

TYPES OF MATERIALS (con’t)

11

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METALS

12 Fig 1.8 Familiar objects that are made of metals and metal alloys

Metallic bonds – Strong, ductile, resistant to fracture

– High thermal & electrical conductivity

– Opaque, reflective.

CERAMICS

13 Fig 1.8 Familiar objects that are made of ceramic materials

Ionic bonding –Brittle, glassy, elastic –Non-conducting (insulative to the passage of heat & electricity) –Transparent, translucent, or opaque –Some exhibit magnetic behavior (e.g. Fe3O4)

POLYMERS/PLASTICS

14 Fig 1.8 Familiar objects that are made of polymeric materials

Covalent bonding sharing of e’s –Soft, ductile, low strength, low density –Thermal & electrical insulators –Optically translucent or transparent. –Chemically inert and unreactive –Sensitive to temperature changes

COMPOSITES

15 Source: http://modernairliners.com/boeing-787-dreamliner/boeing-787-dreamliner-specs

– Light, strong, flexible

– High costs

ADVANCED MATERIALS

16

Materials that are utilized in high-tech applications • Semiconductors

Have electrical conductivities intermediate between conductors and insulators

• Biomaterials

Must be compatible with body tissues

• Smart materials

Could sense and respond to changes in their environments in predetermined manners

• Nanomaterials

Have structural features on the order of a nanometer, some of which may be designed on the atomic/molecular level

Example – HIP IMPLANT

• Requirements

– mechanical strength

(many cycles)

– good lubricity

– biocompatibility

17 Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e.

Types of Materials (Con’t)

18 Fig 1.3 Bar chart of room-temperature density values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and

composite materials

Types of Materials (Con’t)

19 Fig 1.4 Bar chart of room-temperature stiffness values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and

composite materials

Types of Materials (Con’t)

20

Based

primary on c

Fig 1.5 Bar chart of room-temperature strength (i.e. tensile strength) values for various metals,

ceramics, polymers, and composite materials

Types of Materials (Con’t)

21 Fig 1.6 Bar chart of room-temperature resistance to fracture for various metals, ceramics, polymers,

and composite materials

22

STRUCTURE, PROCESSING, & PROPERTIES

• One aspect of Materials Science is the investigation of relationships that exist between the processing, structures, properties, and performance of materials.

• The performance of a material depends on its properties

• Properties depend on structure

ex: hardness vs structure of steel

• Processing can change structure

Ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel

Fig 1.1 The four components of the discipline of materials science and engineering and their

interrelationship

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STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS

• By structure we mean how some internal components

of the material is (are) arranged.

• In terms of dimensionality, structural elements include

subatomic, atomic, microscopic, and macroscopic

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STRUCTURE,PROCESSING, & PROPERTIES (example)

ex: hardness vs structure of steel

Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition, and from Fig. 11.14 and associated

discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig. 10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33; and

(d) Fig. 10.21, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel H

ard

ness (

BH

N)

Cooling Rate (ºC/s)

100

2 00

3 00

4 00

5 00

6 00

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

(d)

30 mm (c)

4 mm

(b)

30 mm

(a)

30 mm

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SUMMARY

• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between properties,

structure, processing, and performance.

Course Goals:

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ANNOUNCEMENTS

Next lecture:

• Materials selection

• Material properties

• Atomic structure