23inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

menejmenti da marketingi - MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING

anotacianaSromSi ganzogadebulia qarTuli da

saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri azris gamoc­dileba globalizaciis aqtualuri sakiTx­ebis kvlevasTan dakavSirebiT.

dRevandel pirobebSi, saqarTvelos eko­nomikas mniSvnelovanwilad faruli, saer­TaSoriso monopoliebi azianeben, kvlevaSi Catarebulia mravalfaqtoruli analizi arakeTilsindisieri monopoliebis gamov­lenasa da maT sawinaaRmdegod gasatarebeli meqanizmebis operatiuli amoqmedebisaTvis.

arakeTilsindisieri monopoliebi xSir SemTxvevaSi cdiloben xarisxis SeniRbuli gauaresebis xarjze moaxdinon momxmareb­lis SecdomaSi Seyvana da monopoliuri mo­gebis miReba.

Cemi azriT, kompetenciis Sesabamisad, mTa vrobis moqmedi ekonomikuri struqtu­rebis farglebSi (ekonomikisa da mdgra­di ganviTarebis saministro, finansTa saministro, antimonopoliuri samsaxuri, konkurenciis saagento, saxelmwifo Sesy­idvebis saagento) aucilebelia mobiluri qveganyofilebebis amoqmedeba, romlebic yoveli dargisa da qvedargis (gansakuTre­biT adgilobriv upiratesobaTa gamosayene­blad.) TaviseburebaTa SeswavliT, gansaz­Rvraven xarisxis deformaciebsa da normebs adgilobrivi bazris dasacavad.

sakvanZo sityvebi: globalizacia, konk ur­encia, efeqturi zrda.

GLOBALABSTRACT

In my work is generalized Georgian and inter-national economical experiences actual issues, in researches. Nowadays, when the Georgian econ-omy is noticeably damaged by the international monopolies, the researches are analyzed to reveal the unconscientiously monopolies and we set in motion the working innovations. The dangerous monopolies often try to betray the consumers and beat the opponents in order to win the monopolies.

In my opinion, under the governmental eco-nomical structures such as: ministry of economy, the ministry of finance, antimonopoly service, the agency of state purchase. It’s important to activate and subfields especially to use the local advantages with as peculiarities and they’ll define the norms to defend the local markets.

Keywords: globalization, competition, effective growth.

ekonomikuri konkurencia ekonomikis efe qturi zrdis aucilebeli pirobaa, ko­nkurencia garkveulwilad abalansebs qvey­nis ekonomikas. marTalia, konkurencia ada­mianis nebisagan damoukideblad Cndeba da moqmedebs, Tumca adamians SeuZlia daabrko­los, saerTod SeaCeros misi efeqtebi an sayovelTao globalizaciis pirobebSi ra­cionaluri, zomieri konkurenciis gziT miiRos maqsimaluri efeqti misgan. amisT­vsis ki aucilebelia konkurenciis dacva, xelSewyoba, ganviTareba. amitomac, msof­

globalizacia, konkurencia da Tanamedrove

biznesis perspeqtivebi

Tamar TalakvaZesaqarTvelos teqnikuriuniversitetis doqtoranti saqarTvelo, Tbilisi

GLOBAIZATION, COMPETITION AND PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN BUSINESS

TAMAR TALAKVADZE

Doctoral student of Georgian Technical

University. Georgia, Tbilisi.

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inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva - INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

lios ganviTarebul saxelmwifoTa upirve­les amocanas warmoadgens samarTlebrivi regulirebis iseTi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, romlebic uzrunvelyofen bazarze domini­rebuli ekonomikuri agentebis mxridan Za­lauflebis borotad gamoyenebis faqtebis gamovlenasa da prevencias da keTilsindis­ieri konkurenciis maqsimalur xelSewyobas.

Cemi azriT, konkurencia aucilebelia ganvixiloT globalur WrilSi vinaidan Tanamedrove firmebi mraval bazarze erT­droulad saqmianoben, risTvisac maT esaW­iroebaT konkurenciis Sesaxeb farTo war­modgena da mis safuZvelze konkurentuli upiratesobis mopovebis gzebis dadgena mudmivad dinamikur garemoSi.

teqnologiurma cvlilebebma social­urma,ekonomikurma da politikurma mov­lenebma ukanasknel aTwleulebSi msoflio miiyvana mdgomareobamde, romelsac SeiZle­ba globaluri vuwodoT. esaa erTgvarovani, samomxmareblo gemovnebisa da moTxovnile­bebis TvalsazrisiT unificirebuli ba­zari. ZiriTadad, bazrebis konvergenciiT sargebloben globaluri organizaciebi, romlebic globalur doneze awarmoeben satandartizebul saqonelsa da momsaxure­bas masStabis ekonomiis miRwevis mizniT, ris Sedegadac maT SeuZliaT SeinarCunon ufro dabali fasebi mxolod erovnul do­neze orientirebul konkurentebTan Se­darebiT. amgvarad, globaluri strategia unda efuZnebodes saqonlis, brendingisa da sareklamo politikis standartizacias.

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri global­izaciis mixedviT me­19 adgili ukavia msof­lioSi, rac ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis maRal dones asaxavs. zemoaRniSnuli, qvey­nis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis im inerciis wyaroa, romelic 2010 wlidan gvaqvs da Tan­daTanobiT imatebs. me mainc mimaCnia, rom saqarTvelos maRali pozicia ufro ekono­mikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtivis amsaxve­lia, vidre miRweuli donis.

saqarTvelos biznesgaremoSi Cadebu­lia is saZirkveli, ramac SeiZleba qveyana swrafad aqcios ganviTarebuli ekonomikis

mqone, maRalSemosavlian qveynad. Tumca, amisaTvis, saWiroa ara am inerciis bolom­de amowurva, aramed axali reformebis ga­tareba da xarvezebis gamosworeba. ucxouri produqciis, kapitalisa da samuSao Zalis Semosvlis Seferxebis mcdelobebi saqarT­velosTvis cudad dasruldeba.

globalizaciis indeqsis mixedviT iseTi didi ekonomikis mqone qveynebi rogorebic magaliTad didi Svidianis qveynebia: sa­frangeTi–85,7 (me–20adgili) germania(27–e adgiili)–85,9 da aSS(34–e adgili)–74,8 . ar arian maRal poziciebze, Tumca aRniSnul qveynebSi erT sul mosaxleze Semosavali maRalia. es aixsneba imiT, rom maTi ekonomi­kuri ganviTarebisTvis ar aris aucilebeli ekonomikuri globalizaciis maRali done, radgan aqvT didi Sida bazari da mniSvnelo­vani moculobis Sida kapitali. samagierod, ver vnaxavT patara qveyanas, sadac erT sul mosaxleze Semosavali maRalia da ekonomi­kuri globalizaciis indeqsSi dabali pozi­cia uWiravs. saerTaSoriso vaWroba, ucx­ouri kapitali da samuSao Zalis migracia iqca patara, bunebrivi resursebiT Raribi qveynebis ganviTarebis aucilebel pirobad.

saqarTvelom globalizaciis indeqsSi swrafi aRmasvla 2006 wlidan daiwyo, rac 2004­2007 wlebSi gatarebuli reformebis Sedegi iyo. aRniSnul wlebSi Caeyara safuZ­veli saqarTvelos dRevandel biznesgare­mos, romelmac gauZlo oms, ekonomikur kriziss, politikur krizisebs da, faqto­brivad, uwyvet rusul agresias. aRniSnul gamowvevebs emateboda kerZo sakuTrebis uflebebis dacvasa da sasamarTlo siste­maSi arsebuli problemebi. am fonze, para­doqsulia, rogor viTardeba dRemde saqa­rTvelos ekonomika, romlis zrdac, marTa­lia, bolo wlebSi (2013­2015) Senelda, ma­gram saSualod 4%­ian niSnuls mainc aRwevs.

es paradoqsi aixsneba swored qveynis ekonomikuri globalizaciis maRali doniT, rasac sagadasaxado liberalizaciiT, lib­eraluri saerTaSoriso vaWrobis poli­tikiT, biznesis warmoebaze, ucxour kapi­talze, samuSao Zalasa da turizmze regu­

25inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

menejmenti da marketingi - MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING

laciebis SemcirebiT, biurokratiuli pro­cedurebis gamartivebiT, korufciis donis mniSvnelovnad SemcirebiT mivaRwieT.

globalizaciis maRali done niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos ekonomika ar aris 70 aTas kvadratuli kilometris farTobze Caketi­li da 4.5 milioni adamianis saqmianobiT Semofargluli. iseve, rogorc estoneTis ekonomika (me­8 adgili ekonomikuri glo­balizaciis indeqsSi) ar aris mxolod 45 aTasi kv.km.­iTa da 1.3 milioni adamianis saqmianobiT SemosazRvruli da irlandiis ekonomika (me­2 adgili amave indeqsSi) ar aris mxolod 84 aTasi kv.km. farTobisa da 6 milioni adamianis imedad.

ekonomikuri globalizaciis sakiTxSi warmatebuli nabijebis gadadgmiT qveynis damwyeb biznesmenebsac eZlevaT perspetiva sakuTar qveyanaSi akeTon Semosavliani biz­nesi. amasTan aucileblad mimaCnia ganxor­cieldes konkurenciis xelSewyoba, ,,faru­li monopoliebis’’ mkacri monitoringi da dezorientacia. globalizebis eraSi, metwilad Caketili lokaluri biznesis moq­medebis areali TandaTan qreba, vinaidan, in­ternetma msoflio bazari erTian did orga­nizmad aqcia da saerTaSoriso konkurencia dedamiwis yvela wertilSi aRwevs. davesesx­ebi Cems mentors baton revaz lorTqifaniZ­es da mogaxsenebT rom, Tu lokaluri bazre­bis pirobebSi araprofesionalizmi da e.w. Cawyoba–nacnoboba garkveulwilad “Wrida” marTvaSic, amjerad, ordinaruli ara­profesionalizmi menejmentSi sul ufro mniSvnelovan fuW danakargebsa da saerTo CamorCenas daukavSirdeba.

ekonomikuri globalizaciis maRal dones erTi nakli aqvs: aseT ekonomika­ze gavlenas ufro metad msoflio ekono­mikuri krizisebi axdens, radgan qveyana mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli sxva qveynebis ekonomikur warmatebebze Tu warumateblobebze. es nakli antiglobal­istebis sayvareli Temaa. Tumca praqti­ka gviCvenebs, rom krizisisgan miyenebuli ziani naklebia, vidre globalizaciis mier motanili ekonomikuri sargebeli. amis mag­aliTi iyo Tundac saqarTvelos swrafi

ekonomikuri zrdis tempi 2005­2007 wlebSi (saSualod 10%), romelic bevrad aRemate­boda 2009 wlis 4%­ian vardnas.

globalizebad garemoSi Tanamedrove bizness ganviTarebis meti perspeqtiva aqvs gasaTvaliswinebelia is proeqtebi romleb­sac saxelmwifo da komerciuli bankebi axorcieleben biznesis xelSewyobis kuTx­iT. magaliTisTvis moviyvan startapis pro­gramas romlis mizania damwyeb biznesmenTa mxardaWera raTa maT siaxleebze orien­tirebuli biznes ideebi ganaxorcielon, sakuTari biznesi daiwyon da sxvebic daas­aqmon. proeqtis mizania inovaciuri star­tap ideebis saSualebiT saqarTvelo moiniS­nos msoflios globalur rukaze, rogorc inovaciuri biznesis warmoebis erTerTi mTavari epicentri.

saqarTvelos inovaciebisa da teqnol­ogiebis saagentom gasuli wlis agvistoSi mniSvnelovani saxsrebi gaiRo , 11milioni laris odenobiT ,rac Zalian mniSvnelo­vania, saxelmwifom xeli Seuwyo aseTi maRalteqnologiuri proeqtebis msof­lio bazarze gatanas, amasTan, daexmara warmatebul kompaniebs Semdgomi dafinanse­bis mosapoveblad da gasaviTareblad awar­moon aqtiuri komunikacia investorebTan da dainteresebul pirebTan.

exla startapis sakiTxs odnav ganvavr­cob saqarTveloSi, termini ,,startapi’’ sul cota xnis win gaxda aqtualuri. inves­torebi dafiqrdnen, rom biznesis keTebis tradiciuli formebi msoflioSi icvleba da saWiroa am tendenciis droulad gaTa­viseba. inovaciuri biznes ideebis mflo­belebic mixvdnen, rom mxolod idea materi­alur sargebels ver moitans. imisTvis, rom idea ganxorcieldes, saWiroa investicia. moTxovnis gaCenam, warmoSva mravali er­Teuli, inkubatorebi da saSuamavlo ser­visebi, romelic akavSirebs momTxovnsa da mimwodebels, ideis avtorsa da investors. startap ideis mqone adamianisTvis, msgavsi SeTavazeba SesaZloa cxovrebaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nabijis gadadgmis Sesa­Zlebloba gaxdes. ideis arseboba warmatebi­sTvis arasakmarisi pirobaa. misi realizebi­

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inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva - INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

sTvis nabijebis gadadgmaa saWiro. araer­Ti warmatebis istoria unda gaxdes biZgi imisTvis rom inovatorebi darwmundnen, ar Rirs damsaqmeblis mudmivad lodini, TviT­dasaqmebis perspeqtiva saqarTveloSi ukve arsebobs.

is, rom saqarTvelo patara qveyanaa, startap biznesisTvis piriqiT, xelsayre­lia. did qveynebSi Seqmnil bizness uWirs lokaluri sivrcidan Tavis daRweva da manam sanam moicavs mTels bazars, ganviTarebis temps anelebs. patara qveynebSi starta­pebis procentuli Tanafardoba erT sul mosaxlesTan mimarTebaSi, 2­3jer maRalia. damfuZneblebma Tavidanve ician, rom Tu surT ganviTareba, unda gascdnen qveynis sazRvrebs da es minimaluri danaxarjiT da maqsimalurad inovaciuri ideiT unda gaa­

keTon. swored amitom, saqarTvelo startap biznesis dawyebisTvis erT­erTi saukeTeso adgilia.

Tibisi banki aqtiurad CaerTo startapis programaSi, riTac bevr damwyeb biznesmes misca TviTgamoxatvis da TviTdamkvidrebis SesaZlebloba, Tibisi banki cnobilia are­rTi wamowyebiT, rogoricaa Tundac agro sainvesticio sesxis gacema, romelic sa­Sua lebas aZlevs ubralo glexs gaaSenos mravalwliani kultura da gadaxda daiwyos saqmianobidan mosavlis miRebis Semdeg, 5wliani saSeRavaTo periodi,perspeqtivaSi soflis meurneobis swraf ganviTarebad mesaxeba, SesaZlioa Tanamedrove biznesis amgavrma xelSewyobam xelSewyobam mniSvne­lovnad Seamciros importirebuli saqon­lis xvedriTi wili qarTul bazrebze.

literatura/REFERENCES

[1]. r. lorTqifaniZe, globaluri konkurencia adamianis efeqtiani gamdidrebisaTvis. 2014, ISBN 978­9941­0­6301­5, http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/29377

[2]. r. lorTqifaniZe, konkurenciis racionaluri Zalis dacvisaTvis­miTidan kanonzom­ierebis aRmoCenamde. ­ Tbilisi, saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka, ci­fruli biblioTeka „iverieli“. 2014, ISBN9789941073120(PDF),http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/han-

dle/1234/697

[3]. gregori menqiu –ekonimikis principebi.[4]. F FORBES GEORGIA. http://forbes.ge/blog/110/konkurenciis-roli-sabazro-ekonomikaSi