mekorot hatorah shiur 35 - structure and formation of the … · 2018. 3. 20. · 126 beginning of...

s�xc1 [email protected] dbhbn ovrct - 5775

dxezd zexewn

dpynd - 35ohkaurh ,racn ,kkfn

A] TORAH SHEBEAL PEH - EARLY STRUCTURE?

1. vban hrsx ,utn gca :rnt sju 'vban hrsx ,utn aa :rnt sj 'ibcru tpp cr vc udhkp

/sh vdhdj

• What are these 600 (!) orders of Mishna? Is this literal? What happened to them?

2.ifxn,bu ygn,b lkhtu kkv inu /hbhxc vank v"cv ob,ba unf vban hrsx ,utn aa uhv iezv kkv sg ubhcr van ,unhn gs

htnau kkvn ube, tku vru, ka vsucf vakju okugvsckc ohrsx vaa tkt f inhx vcua, hrga - ohbutdv ,ucua,

3.vaav vktn 'vp kgca hsuxh rpxc cu,fk jrfuv ratf u,ban ausev ubhcr lrg ivn rat rnujv iv ukt ,uhban ,ukhcj

,fxnc odu /vbhbgc vjn,va ofjv ,ban ,fxnu ,fxn ka vrusx suxhk ujekc 'u,ban rrhc vban hrsx ,utn vgca ut

vfkvk ovk vtrb rat hsuxhv iubdxv kg uphxuv usgu ,hc hnfj og tuvu /osue ofj ,bann oka erp ohngpk jek ,jt

ohrcsv utreu ///o,xcihkg lunxk aha rhgvk hsfc ofj u,ut oa kg vfkvv uthcva ut 'o,unf vghrfv o,gs od ratk

uhkg uekj ohcr hf ohshnk, ugsha vkyck hsfc shjhv ,gs od ugcy ohngpku /ejsv ,gac

zh wng (,uhkdrn icutr wr ka) v,fhrgu vbanv suxh rpx

4.:v vbanshjhv hrcs ,t ihs ,hc vtrh ota ?ihcurnv hrcsf tkt vfkv ihtu khtuv ihcurnv ihc shjhv hrcs ihrhfzn vnku

////ihbncu vnfjc ubnn kusd vhvha sg urcj ihs ,hc hrcs kyck kufh ihs ,hc ihta uhkg lunxhu

:u vbanhrcsf uk rnth kcuen hbt lf ostv rnth ota vkyck ihcurnv ihc shjhv hrcs ihrhfzn vnk if ot vsuvh hcr rnt

,gna hbukp aht

u -v vban t erp ,uhusg ,fxn vban

5. vbanc ubhkmt tmnb ,urhzd vcrvo,xhnfj usng h,nu ubhkt utc inz vzhtn rrck kfub tku /okugn ost ovc ekjb tku '

epx hkcu /ukt ,urhzd kg ihbnk rusvkusdv ihs ,hc in ubhkt utc okufovhkg usnga rjt oka sngnc ovn urzdb rat '

ihbnk

298 g ,uhj /v/m r - sunk,v tucn

• What are the origins of the ‘stam mishna’ and the the different opinions included?

6.thv cegh ic rzghkt hcr ?,usn tb, itn

/zy tnuh

7.uvkufu 'iugna hcr hrpx o,x 'vsuvh hcr trpx o,x 'vhnjb hcr t,pxu, o,x 'rhtn hcr ih,hb,n o,x :ibjuh hcr rnts

tcheg hcrs tchkt

/up ihrsvbx

rev


B] R’ AKIVA - A FURTHER PARADIGM SHIFT

8.,usdvu ,ufkv arsn ihe,va vcheg hcr vz

t"v v erp ohkea hnkaurh sunk,

9. tcheg wr vhvaf,ufkv rsxn ////// rnt ohshnk,k

v:t ohcz ,fxn t,pxu,

10. oukc rmut - g"r

/zx ihyhd

11. - oukc rmutihyj tmn vc i,bu rme ohruga tmn vsak tmhu u,pue kyba hbgk vnus tcheg wr vhv vnk i,b hcrs ,uctc arupn lfvfkv uhrjtu uh,ucrn tren rcs gna uh,ucrn snkaf g"r lf unmgk ihnu ihn kf rrhc u,hck tcafu ohasg ifu ohkup ifu vc i,bkct unmgk arsn unmgk tren sunkt rnt tku uhpc ihrusx uhva sg ixrudku ivhkg ruzjk uck i,b vsdt uhrjtu arsn uhrjtu

kusd ofj vagbaf,ugcyn ,ugcyn vru,v kf vag ,usdtu inmgk ,ufkvu uhshnk,k inmgk itbau isck trphxu hrpx arsn rshx inmgk

/zx ihyhd h"ar

• What was Rabbi Akiva’s methodology and contribution to the ultimate formation of the Mishna?

C] R’ AKIVA’S STUDENTS

12.vz sucf udvb tka hbpn sjt erpc u,n ikufu 'xrphybt sg ,cdn tcheg hcrk uk uhv ohshnk, ohduz ;kt rag ohba :urnt

ovk vtbau 'oursca ubh,ucr kmt g"r tca sg /ona okugv vhvu 'vzkic rzgkt hcru iugna hcru hxuh wru vsuvh wru n"rguna 'vga v,ut vru, ushngv ov ovu

:cx ,unch

• R’ Akiva learnt from R’ Eliezer and R’ Yehoshua. What type of synthesis does this represent?

• What does this tell you about the significance of the death of his 24,000 students?

13.///// vbuatr vban kct 'tcheg hcr ,ban uz hxuh hcr rnt

d erp ihrsvbx vban

14. rzghkt wr ,ban vbua tuv lfhpk

c erp (ksbtnreum) ohjcz ,fxn t,pxu,

15. hebu ce cegh ic rzghkt wr ,ban

:yn ,unch

D] THE COMPILATION OF THE MISHNA

16.vban ;ux i,b hcru hcr

/up tghmn tcc

rev


17. vbanv ;ux-uhv tku 'vsck vguna vguna ohxrud ohshnk, uhvu 'arsnv ,hcc uhrcs ,t aht urnt ivhnh sg 'ohtb, ;ux ygn tkt uphxuh tk ovhrjtu ',u,fxnv ,t ursxu ovhbpka ,urusc runtv ukkf ovu 'rsxv kg .ceu rsxu ',urusx ,u,fxn

oa h"ar

18. sjt ouenc vkusdu vru, ubhmn tk hcr sgu van ,unhn

/yb ihyhd

19.uhvha hsf vfkvv rsxk [hcr] ohfxvu 'hcru xubhbuybt ihc v,hva vcvtv ouan 'sna kfn hcr ka uhnhc ohnfjv uyeau

tk ,hcv icrj osuea ohbuatrv o,ut hf 'unmgk iuak sjtu sjt kf xurdha tku 'sjt iuaku 'sjt vp 'okf ubh,ucr ohxrud

vhngy usnku ugsh tkt 'c,fca vru, unf ohgush ohrcsc vhngy urntb tku 'thv vp kgca vru,u khtuv 'lfk ufrymb

vmrha iuak vzhtc usnknu urcjk rpxnv ostf uhshnk,k o,ut snkn sjtu sjt kfu 'ovh,uckc

vbanv vc,fb smhf '(hrcg oudr,) iutd trhra cr ,rdht

20. //// ,uhfkn sucga kug lu,n ',uru, h,af ,hagbu vru,c ,ueukjn ucr ,urus vaka uhbpk uhva kkvu htna hshnk, ucrana hpkhbhgc ij uk tuv lurc ausev i,ba 'hcr ka uhnh sg ohekujv hrcs rrck ck ,,k ohkufh uhv tk lf lu,nu 'ivhkg ihrzud uhva ,urhzdu',urusx ,u,fxn uhv tk uhnh sgu 'ktrah .rt hshnk, kf .ceu jkau 'vrmn ujbu /(:h) vrz vsucgc ibhrntsf 'hnur lkn xubhbuybtsjt kf rnt umce,bafu 'hbukp oan h,gna ,hbukpu ,hbukp vfkv :ohbnhx i,bu 'vxrd ubnhv kusd hpn rcs gnaa shnk, kf tkthrcsu 'osck ,unch hrcsu 'osck ihehzb hrcs `,u,fxnv urshxu 'ohhek ihutr hn hrcs ,eukjnv hngy rrck ck ub,bu 'gnaa vn

o,unf vfkv gucek hsf 'o,x itbau ovhrcs ,t hcr vtra ohshjh hrcs vbanc hnb o,xu 'osck ohase hcr hnhc vws :dk tghmn tcc h"ar

21.ifu /// /vp kgca vru,c ohcrc u,ut ihsnkna rucj urchj tk ausev ubhcr sgu ubhcr van ,unhnu /vbanv rchj ausev ubhcr

usnkau ubhcr vann ugnaa ohaurhpvu ohruthcv kfu ohbhsv kfu ,ugunav kf .che tuvu ausev ubhcr sg shn, rcsv vhv

ktrah kfk vkdbu ohcrc ohnfjk ubbau /vbanv rpx kfvn rchju vkuf vru,v kfc rusu rus kfca ihs ,hcokuf uvuc,fu/

hpk ?vhva ,unf rcsv jhbv tku lf ausev ubhcr vag vnku /ktrahn vp kgca vru, jf,a, tka hsf /ouen kfc umcru

ihkdkd,n ktrahu /,rcd,nu okugc ,yaup hnur ,ufknu ,utcu ,uasj,n ,urmvu ihfkuvu ihygn,n ohshnk,a vtra

vbanv usnku ubhs ,hcu tuv uhnh kf cahu /jfah tku vrvnc uvusnkha hsf okuf shc ,uhvk sjt ruchj rchj /,uumek ihfkuvu

ohcrc

o"cnrk vezjv shk vnsev

22. :rnutu (y"he ohkv,)l,ru, urpv wvk ,uagk ,g� wvk ,uagk ,g ouan l,ru, urpv :rnut i,b hcr /&

/sb ,ufrc

• What was the halachic justification for creating a Mishna text?

• How does ‘et la’asot’ work? Which other halachic issues have historically been subject to this principle?

23. tkt uch,ft tk vbanu sunk, ?sunk,v c,fbu vbanv vc,fb smhf iu,c,fsu /phmr,n uuv hmur, kg uvbhxrdnk ibcr ihrhvzu

vp vrun,c whrnts 'hch,fs hjxbn tk kct (:sh) rntba c,fc ornutk htar v,t ht p"gca ohrcs vktv ohrcsv hp kg hf

,hrc l,t h,rf ,ufkv c,uf v,t htu c,uf v,t vkt '

htrucx ibcr iutd trhra cr ,rdht

• Was the Mishna actually written down according to Rav Sherira Gaon? What was the Rambam’s view in source 20 above?

rev


E] HISTORICAL CONTEXT TO THE FORMATION OF THE MISHNA

126 Beginning of the Bar Kochba revolt

135 The fall of Beitar and end of the revolt

139 Death of Hadrian and appointment of Antoninus Pius

155 Delegation to Rome headed by R. Shimon Bar Yochai achieves the reversal of the anti-Jewish Hadrianic decrees

158 Attempts to move the Sanhedrin back to Yavneh fail. Moves instead to Shefar’am. Resurgence of Jewish life in Eretz Yisrael.

Many of the Tannaim who had escaped to Bavel during the Hadrianic persecutions return to Israel.

161 Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

163 R. Yehuda ben R. Shimon ben Gamliel II (Rebbi) becomes Nasi. Sanhedrin moves to Beit Shearim/Tzipori under his leadership

170 Rebbi befriends Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and a period of calm and Jewish growth ensues

180 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus dies and is succeeded by his son Commodus

192 Commodus assassinated

c.220 Death of R. Yehuda Hanasi

c.290 Renewed Roman persecution forces the Rabbis to drop the name ‘Sanhedrin’

313 Roman Empire becomes Christian

330 Founding of Constantinople and beginning of the Byzantine Empire

358 The ‘Sanhedrin’ fixes the Jewish calendar

425 The Nasi, semicha and the body of the Sanhedrin now made illegal

F] STRUCTURE OF THE SEDARIM AND MESECHTOT

24. ,uhbanv rsxaf hcr /rjutnu oseun ivc aha o,htra ',u,fxnv ihbgku /tk,u,fxnk irsx tktkt 'v,rcj rjt ,jt '

/vkj,c hcr vba uzht ihgsuh ubbhtu 'vrjtn vrjtk uk juba hnu 'vnhsen vnhsevk uk juba hn 'vnmg hbpc vba [,jt] ,jt

rsx iht ohrnut ubt iht ,jt ,fxnc :tbuv cr rnta 'vz rjt vz hcr irsx lf ,fxnu ,fxn kf ka oherpvu ,ufkvv kct

ouencu /vkj,c hcr v,ut vba hkut 'rnuk ah ivn ,jtu ,jt kfu 'vbank rsx iht ohrnut ubt ,ufxn h,ac kct 'vbank

ihrnut ubt ',jt ,fxnc o,x lf rjtu ,eukjnu /o,xf vfkv iht ihrnut ubt ,jt ,fxnc ,eukjn lf rjtu o,x ubhmna

w,uccwv kg rnut tuv okut 'lf rcux if od ;xuh cru /rsx ivk ihta ouan 'lf ihrnut iht ,ufxn h,ac kct /o,xf vfkv

/,jt ,fxn iv ikfa 'ihehzb ka

,u,fxnv ka irsx '(hrcg oudr,) iutd trhra cr ,rdht

rev


G] GENERATIONS OF THE TANNAIM

I ZUGOT c250 BCE-35 CE

Yose b. Yoezer & Yose b. Yochanan

Yehoshu b. Perachiya & Nittai Haarbeli • Chanukah Story and Chasmonean Dynasty - 138 BCE

Yehuda b. Tabbi & Shimon b. Shetach • Reign of Alexander Yannai and Shlomtzion Hamalka

Shemaya & Avtalyon • Jewish Civil War between Hyrcanus and Aristoblus

• Romans conquer Jerusalem under Pompey - 63 BCE

Hillel & Shamai • King Herod - 35 BCE

II TANNAIM 35 BCE - 200 CE

1st Generation (c.50CE) • Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai

• Raban Gamliel the Elder

• Yonatan b. Uziel - Targum Yonatan

• R. Yochanan B. Zakkai - Destruction of Temple - 68 CE

2nd Generation (c.90 CE) • Raban Gamliel of Yavneh

• R. Eliezer

• R. Yehoshua

3rd Generation (c.130 CE) • R. Akiva - Bar Kochba 135 CE

• R. Yishmael

• Unkelos - Targum Unkelos

4th Generation (c.170 CE) • R. Meir

• R. Shimon b. Yochai, R. Yosei

5th Generation (c. 200 CE) • R. Yehudah Hanasi - Mishna

rev


rev


Who’s Who

Rav Sherira Gaon Bavel, 10CRashi France, 11CRambam Spain, 12CMevoh Hatalmud R’ Tzvi Hirsch Chajes; 19C, PolandMargoliot HaYam R’ Reuven Margoliot - Jerusalem, 20C

Rav Tzvi Hirsch Chajes R’ Reuven Margoliot

rev

mekorot hatorah shiur 35 - structure and formation of the … · 2018. 3. 20. · 126 beginning of...

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