PowerPoint Presentation

H-02 Hydrostatic Pressure

Experiment Data

FILLING TANKDRAINING TANKMass (gram)Height of water (mm)Mass (gram)Height of water (mm)5047505477056705690649063110711107113076130761508215082170881708819093190932109821098230104230104250109250109270113270113290118290118310123310123330128330128350133350133370137370137

a = 10 cmb = 7.5 cmd = 10 cmL = 27,5 cm

H-02 Hydrostatic Pressure

Data Result a & b

Data Result Graph h vs F

Partially

Fully

Partially SubmergedExperimentTheoryREa2,3062,7275%b-0,01-0,04215,44%Fully SubmergedExperimentTheoryREa-204,97-181,8112,73%b41,8640,9092,34%

4.75.66.357.17.68.2000000000000018.89.39.820.3435828.9522137.7446446.7863955.8206165.1544399999999874.7070384.3195394.1235099999999810.410.911.311.812.312.813.313.7117.416127.3992137.4237147.4086157.3957167.3844177.3745187.3933

H-02 Hydrostatic Pressure

Analysis

Experiment : in this experiment the thing that differnet from the modul that the measurement alredy given

Result :

Theres High RE in the Linear Equation

Linear increasing of the graph

Error :

Human

Reading

Conclusion

We can get the formula 3 and 5 from simplifying the sigma Moment from formula 1 and 2

The increase of the mass will equal to the increase of the water, because if we add the mass we need to add the water to neutralize the moment caused by mass

H-03 Free Floating Body

Experiment Data

SHEAR LOADTRANSVESAL LOADRIGHT ANGLELEFT ANGLE200152,252,25304,54,5456,756,75608,58,5250152,252,5304,755457,257,25609,59,5300152,53305,255,7545886010,510,5

H-03 Free Floating Body

Data Result

Shear LoadGM Experiment (mm)GM Theory (mm)RER220087,272,4520,40%0,081925079,684,665,97%1,022130071,844,8360,16%4,009

H-03 Free Floating Body

Analysis

Experiment:

Submerged volume = Inertia

Hanging the ponton = Center gravity

Result: the value of GM from 200 to 300 is decreasing

Error:

Human

Reading

Conclusion

GM depeng Center Gravity, Center gravity depend shear load position

GM depend on the volume of submerged pontoon, the volume depend on shear load position

GM is equal to the gap between floating point metacentrum point with the distance from the pontoon

GM>0 or GM=0 is stable

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeExperiment Data

1. Constant Head

2. Variable Head

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeExperiment Data

3. Coefficient of Flow Rate

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeCoefficient of Flow Rate

D = 3mm , h = 400D = 3 mm , h = 360 mm

D = 3mm , h = 380 mmD = 3mm , h = 340 mm

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeCoefficient of Flow Rate

D = 3 mm , h = 320 mmD = 6 mm , h = 380 mm

D = 6 mm , h = 400 mmD = 6 mm , h = 360 mm

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeCoefficient of Flow Rate

D = 6 mm , h = 340 mm3 mm

D = 6 mm , h = 320 mm6 mm

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeConstant Head

D = 3 mm

D = 6 mm

H-06 Flow Through The OrificeVariable Head

D = 3 mm

D = 6 mm

H-06 Flow Through The Orifice

Result Analysis

Cv average = 1.6261 , RE = 65.93%

Cd average = 0.95 , RE = 2.55 %

Error Analysis

Human Error

Conclusion

Coefficient of flow is found from the result of Cv and Cd in using the 3 mm and 6 mm hole

H-08 Friction in PipeExperiment Data

Data Observation

H-08 Friction in PipeExperiment Data

Water Manometer

Mercury Manometer

H-08 Friction in PipeLinear Regression log hf log V2

Water Manometer

Mercury Manometer

H-08 Friction in PipeLinear Regression log f log Re

Water Manometer

Mercury Manometer

H-08 Friction in PipeLinear Regression log hf log V

Water Manometer

Mercury Manometer

H-08 Friction in Pipe

Data Result

Velocity of output water per second water manometer = 0.535840663 m/s

Velocity of output water per second mercury manometer = 3.05328076 m/s

R value of water manometer = 0.991

R value of mercury manometer = 0.891

Reynolds Number = 21877.616 (turbulent flow)

Vc = 5.97 m/s

Relative error water manometer = 5.9 %

Relative error mercury manometer = 6.91 %

Error

Human

Conclusion

Friction in pipe with an average speed can cause changes in pressure

Diameter D (mm)

Head h (mm)

Volume Water V (l)

Time T (sec) Q (l/s) Q^2

3 400 132000 10 13200 174240000 3 380 132000 10 13200 174240000 3 360 130000 10 13000 169000000 3 340 122000 10 12200 148840000 3 320 125000 10 12500 156250000 6 400 535000 10 53500 2862250000 6 380 532000 10 53200 2830240000 6 360 530000 10 53000 2809000000 6 340 515000 10 51500 2652250000 6 320 490000 10 49000 2401000000

Diameter D

(mm)

Head h

(mm)

Volume Water V

(l)

Time T

(sec)

Q (l/s) Q^2

3 400 132000 10 13200 174240000

3 380 132000 10 13200 174240000

3 360 130000 10 13000 169000000

3 340 122000 10 12200 148840000

3 320 125000 10 12500 156250000

6 400 535000 10 53500 2862250000

6 380 532000 10 53200 2830240000

6 360 530000 10 53000 2809000000

6 340 515000 10 51500 2652250000

6 320 490000 10 49000 2401000000

Diameter D (mm)

Head h1 (mm) Head h2 (mm) T (sec)

3 400 380 0 3 380 360 26 3 360 340 52 3 340 320 80 3 320 300 110 6 400 380 0 6 380 360 7 6 360 340 13 6 340 320 20 6 320 300 28

Diameter D

(mm)

Head h1

(mm)

Head h2 (mm) T (sec)

3 400 380 0

3 380 360 26

3 360 340 52

3 340 320 80

3 320 300 110

6 400 380 0

6 380 360 7

6 360 340 13

6 340 320 20

6 320 300 28

Diameter D (mm)

Head h

(mm)

Coordinate

1 (mm)

2 (mm)

3 (mm)

4 (mm)

5 (mm)

6 (mm)

7 (mm)

8 (mm)

3 400 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 4.5 8.5 11 14 16 21 25 380 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 6 9 12 15 19 21 25 360 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 7 9 13 17 16.5 24.5 27.5 340 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 7 10 12 18 22 26 27.5 320 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 6 9.5 12 17.5 22.5 26 27 6 400 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 5.5 7.5 10 16 17.5 20 20 380 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 6.5 8 11.5 15.5 15 19 25 360 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 6 8 8.5 17.5 19 20 28 340 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 y 0 5.5 10 11.5 18 20 24 29 320 x 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

y 0 6 10 13 20.5 21.5 24 29

Diam

eterD

(mm)

Head

h

(mm)

Coordi

nate

1

(m

m)

2

(mm)

3

(mm)

4

(mm)

5

(mm)

6

(mm)

7

(mm)

8

(mm)

3400x050100150200250300350

y04.58.51114162125

380x050100150200250300350

y0691215192125

360x050100150200250300350

y079131716.524.527.5

340x050100150200250300350

y07101218222627.5

320x050100150200250300350

y069.51217.522.52627

6400x050100150200250300350

y05.57.5101617.52020

380x050100150200250300350

y06.5811.515.5151925

360x050100150200250300350

y0688.517.5192028

340x050100150200250300350

y05.51011.518202429

320x050100150200250300350

y06101320.521.52429

H b Cv 400 0.0938 1.632 380 0.1115 1.497 360 0.1133 1.485 340 0.0953 1.62 320 0.0891 1.675

H b Cv

4000.09381.632

3800.11151.497

3600.11331.485

3400.09531.62

3200.08911.675

H b Cv 400 0.0862 1.703 380 0.0869 1.7 360 0.0912 1.656 340 0.0937 1.633 320 0.0907 1.66

H b Cv

4000.08621.703

3800.08691.7

3600.09121.656

3400.09371.633

3200.09071.66

Water Manometer

Reading (mm)

Mercury

Manometer

Reading (mm)

Volume (ml) Time (sec)

1 2 1 2 Water Mercury Water Mercury

223 205 282 262 21.5 33 15 3

233 191 292 252 36 48 15 3

243 177 302 242 56 56 15 3

253 166 312 231 62 64 15 3

263 153 322 221 68 76 15 3

273 140 332 211 75 82 15 3

283 129 342 201 79 94 15 3

Water

Manometer

Reading (mm)

Mercury

Manometer

Reading (mm)

Volume (ml) Time (sec)

1 2 1 2 Water Mercury Water Mercury

223 205 282 262 21.5 33 15 3

233 191 292 252 36 48 15 3

243 177 302 242 56 56 15 3

253 166 312 231 62 64 15 3

263 153 322 221 68 76 15 3

273 140 332 211 75 82 15 3

283 129 342 201 79 94 15 3

h1 h2 hf Q A V f Re

223 205 0.018 0.0000014 0.000007065 0.202878037 0.051429199 744.0514814

233 191 0.042 0.0000024 0.000007065 0.33970276 0.042801448 1245.853643

243 177 0.066 0.0000037 0.000007065 0.528426516 0.027795984 1937.994556

253 166 0.087 0.0000041 0.000007065 0.585043642 0.029891661 2145.63683

263 153 0.11 0.0000045 0.000007065 0.641660769 0.031418759 2353.279104

273 140 0.133 0.0000050 0.000007065 0.707714084 0.031227936 2595.528424

283 129 0.154 0.0000053 0.000007065 0.745458835 0.032589726 2733.956606

Average 0.087142857 3.78571E-06 0.000007065 0.535840663 0.035307816 1965.185806

h1 h2 hf Q A V f Re

223 205 0.018 0.0000014 0.000007065 0.202878037 0.051429199 744.0514814

233 191 0.042 0.0000024 0.000007065 0.33970276 0.042801448 1245.853643

243 177 0.066 0.0000037 0.000007065 0.528426516 0.027795984 1937.994556

253 166 0.087 0.0000041 0.000007065 0.585043642 0.029891661 2145.63683

263 153 0.11 0.0000045 0.000007065 0.641660769 0.031418759 2353.279104

273 140 0.133 0.0000050 0.000007065 0.707714084 0.031227936 2595.528424

283 129 0.154 0.0000053 0.000007065 0.745458835 0.032589726 2733.956606

Average 0.087142857 3.78571E-06 0.000007065 0.535840663 0.035307816 1965.185806

h1 h2 hf Q A V f Re

282 262 0.272 0.000011 0.000007065 1.556970984 0.013195176 5710.162532

292 252 0.544 0.000016 0.000007065 2.264685067 0.012473565 8305.690956

302 242 0.816

1.86667E-

05 0.000007065 2.642132578 0.013746378 9689.972782

312 231 1.1016

2.13333E-

05 0.000007065 3.01958009 0.01420817 11074.25461

322 221 1.3736

2.53333E-

05 0.000007065 3.585751356 0.012563402 13150.67735

332 211 1.6456

2.73333E-

05 0.000007065 3.86883699 0.012929173 14188.88872

342 201 1.9176

3.13333E-

05 0.000007065 4.435008257 0.011465064 16265.31145

Average

1.09577

1429

2.15714E-

05 0.000007065 3.05328076 0.012940132 11197.8512

h1h2hfQAVf Re

2822620.2720.0000110.0000070651.5569709840.0131951765710.162532

2922520.5440.0000160.0000070652.2646850670.0124735658305.690956

3022420.816

1.86667E-

050.0000070652.6421325780.0137463789689.972782

3122311.1016

2.13333E-

050.0000070653.019580090.0142081711074.25461

3222211.3736

2.53333E-

050.0000070653.5857513560.01256340213150.67735

3322111.6456

2.73333E-

050.0000070653.868836990.01292917314188.88872

3422011.9176

3.13333E-

050.0000070654.4350082570.01146506416265.31145

Average

1.09577

1429

2.15714E-

050.0000070653.053280760.01294013211197.8512