mekanisme kerja hormon. hormone action the action of a hormone: efek primer pada sel ( ikatan hormon...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mekanisme Kerja Hormon
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Hormone Action
• The action of a hormone: efek primer pada sel ( ikatan hormon – reseptor spesifik): hormone–receptor complex
• complex → effector system → signal transducing mechanism → biochemical process(es) within the cell.
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intracellular receptor
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Complex activates a gene (transcription factor)
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The DNA sequences of severalhormone response elements (HREs)
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Transmembrane Receptors
• . The signal activates a channel, an enzyme, or a G-protein cascade.– Enzyme coupled receptors: Signal activates an
enzyme activity of the receptor itself—tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C.
– G-protein coupled receptors: Signal activates a G-protein that activates downstream enzymes—makes second messenger(cAMP or Ca2).
– Ion-channel coupled receptors: Signal activates an ion channel
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Effector systems
• Hormone–receptor complex: meningkatkan aktivitas –enzim–G-protein– ion channel–gene
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Hormone–receptor complex: meningkatkan aktivitas enzim protein kinase
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PROTEIN KINASES1. Transmembrane receptor kinases :
tyrosine kinase ATP : phosphorylate specific tyrosine enzymatic
(amplification step).
2. serine/ threonine protein kinases ATP to phosphorylate specific serine or threonine.
• phosphorylation cascades :one kinase phosphorylates another → MAP kinase
kinase kinase. (mitogen-activated protein kinase that phosphorylates MAP kinase kinase)
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.
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Membrane-bound phospholipase• Hydrolisa: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2)
→ dua messenger ,– inositol trisphosphate (IP3) – diacylglycerol (DAG)
• example: adrenaline binding to the α-receptor in the liver: Ca2+ ions stimulate glycogenolysis
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glycogen synthase in muscle
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Enzymes and proteins regulated bycalcium or calmodulin.
• Adenylyl cyclase• Ca2+-dependent protein kinases• Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase• Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase• Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase• Some cytoskeletal proteins• Some ion channels (eg, L-type calcium channels)• Nitric oxide synthase• Phosphorylase kinase• Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B• Some receptors (eg, NMDA-type glutamate recept
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Gomplex activates G-protein
• H-R complex: activates G-protein → activates a membrane-bound enzyme (e.g. adenyl cyclase, which converts ATP to cyclic AMP).
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G-Protein
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Pathway of glycogenesis and of glycogenolysis in the liver
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Control of adipose tissue lipolysis.
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Cyclic GMP
• Cyclic GMP: is made from GTP by the enzyme guanylyl cyclase (activate : atrial natriuretic factor)
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Control of phosphorylase in muscle.
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glycogen synthase in muscle