mehiläisten talvitappiot ja varroantorjunta ruotsissa. preben kristiansen
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Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Colony losses in SwedenVarroa control and weather conditions
Finnish Beekeepers Winter Days
Jyväskylä2015
Preben Kristiansen
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Beekeepers Colonies
11% 6%
28% 33%
61% 61%
12 000 -14 000 beekeepers
120 000 -150 000 colonies
3 000 tons of honey
Beekeeping in Sweden
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
VarroazonerVarroa in Sweden
Now Varroa in approx. 85 % of the colonies
1987 on Gotland
1991 in Malmö
Zone 1 - Varroa
Zone 2
Zone 3
It is not allowed to move
bees from areas with varroa
to areas where varroa has
still not been detected
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
• Removal of drone brood
• Trapping comb
• Formic acid
• Lactic acid
• Oxalic acid
• Nucs
Organic acids and biotechnical methods
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
| May | June | July | August | September | October |
Evaluation of infestation level
Dronebrood removal FA
short-term
OA
Control conceptdronebrood removal + oxalic acid (and formic acid if needed)
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Varroa control methods
P. Kristiansen, 2013 Source: SBR statistics
Pro
po
rtio
n o
fb
ee
ke
ep
ers
, %
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Varroa control concepts2014
P. Kristiansen, 2015 Source: SBR statistics
Pro
po
rtio
n o
fb
ee
ke
ep
ers
, %
N=4080
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Summerhoney
Late summerhoney
Bell heather honey
Heather honey
Forest honey
Chestnut honey
Natural content of formic acid in honeyForm
icacid
in h
oney,
mg/kg
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
| May | June | July | August | September | October |
Dronebrood removal FA
short-term
OA
Control conceptdronebrood removal + oxalic acid (and formic acid if needed)
But how about honey harvest here?
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Kristiansen, 2001
Form
icacid
in h
oney
mg/k
g
FA, short-term
(n=10)
Formic acid before heather-honey flowFormic acid in honey
Control
(n=10)
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Apiary I (N=12) Apiary II (N=7) Apiary III (N=7)
Kristiansen, 2002
Test with VARROX-vaporizer2002
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Oxalic acid tricklingTest 2014
Mite
s/1
00
be
es
Before
treatment
After treatment
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
1992-2008 Registered as a chemical pesticide
2009-2011 Could be prescribed by a veterinarian
with permission from the Medical
Products Agency
2012 Registered as a veterinary medicinal
product, no prescription needed
Apistan in Sweden
Analyses of wax samples from 1998
Test for fluvalinate resistance from 2000
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Fluvalinate in Swedish wax
Kristiansen, 2011
Pro
po
rtio
n o
fsa
mp
les
with
tau
-flu
va
lina
te
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Apiary/
Colony
Bees
#
Mite fall Remaining mites
#
”Efficacy”
%
Mites/
100 bees
J24 ≈ 350 5 34 13 ≈11
J21 ≈ 400 8 42 16 ≈12
P34 ≈ 400 7 26 22 ≈ 8
V02 237 8 4 67 5,1
Tests for fluvalinate resistance
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Mitefall versus powdered sugar
Mite fall per day
Mit
es/
100 b
ees
wit
hpow
dere
dsu
gar
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Colony losses in Sweden1920–2014
P. Kristiansen, 2015 - Data from SBR
Tota
l colo
ny
loss
es,
%
13%
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Beekeepers Colonies Losses, %
2008-2009 565 7354 17,5
2009-2010 751 13598 24,7
2010-2011 572 11700 14,5
2011-2012 1445 22919 12,0
2012-2013 1737 26080 22,6
2013-2014 1604 20701 9,6
Colony losses in SwedenSurvey on internet with the COLOSS-questionnaire
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Colony losses in Sweden1925–2014
Tota
l colo
ny
loss
es,
%
P. Kristiansen, 2015 - Data from SBR
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
• Varroa present or not
• Control methods of varroa
• Timing of treatment against varroa
• Timing of wintering
Colony lossesimportant factors related to varroa
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Varroa - colony losses
2008-2009 2009-2010
Loss
es,
%
Loss
es,
%
Varroa
n=6702
No varroa
n=652
No varroa
n=1714
Varroa
n=11750
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Winter losses
in Finland and Sweden
Seppälä, Ruottinen &,Kristiansen. 2011
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Colony losses 1920-2012
Temperature winter
Loss
es,
%
Cold winters
n=32
Mild winters
n=61
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Fö
rlu
ste
r, %
Fö
rlu
ste
r, %
Colony losses 1920-2012Temperature summer and fall
Cold summer
n=35
Warm summer
n=58
Cold fall
n=44
Warm fall
n=49
Loss
es,
%
Loss
es,
%
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Oilseed rape - colony lossesLoss
es,
%
Yes
n=268
No
n=705Don’t know
n=73
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Honey yield- colony lossesLoss
es,
%
Lower
n=657
Normal
n=704
Higher
n=187
Don’t know
n=110
Honey yield 2012
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Queen problems - colony lossesLoss
es,
%
More than
normal
n=274
Normal
n=827
Less than
normal
n=128
Don’t know
n=422
Queenproblems 2012
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Survey 2012
To
tal lo
sse
s, %
15 kg or more
(n=14049)
Less than15 kg
(n=2148)
Survey 2003
To
tal lo
sse
s, %
Less than 15 kg
(n=5854)
15 kg or more
(n=11843)
Winter feed and colony losses
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Pro
port
ion o
fbeekeepers
, %
Average losses2009-2010 and 2013-2014
583 beekeepers
21185 colonies
Average losses, %
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
CSI Pollen projectData from Sweden 2014
Num
ber
of
polle
n c
olo
rs
Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen
Strong colonies
Healthy winter bees
Sufficient amount of food
Prevention of colony losses