megin show - version 3 final
TRANSCRIPT
THE POLITICS OFAMERICAN EDUCATION
Megin HoltJon Rashid, Dan Young, Pat Murphy
The Politics of American Education
Governance: The process of making financial and other decisions What do you think public schools should use more funds on, and why?
◦ Sex education? ◦ Violence in schools? ◦ Teen drug use?◦ Making schools more energy efficient
What Forces Influence School Governance and Finance?
The Politics of American Education
Stakeholders in Education: Stakeholders are people and agencies with a particular interest in schools
What Forces Influence School Governance and Finance?
Political Interest Groups Business and Industry Professional Organizations and
Teachers Parents, Students, and
Community Groups
The Politics of American Education
The three branches of government influence the governance and finance of education
◦ Executive◦ Legislative◦ Judicial
Roles of the Federal Government in Education◦ The U.S. Constitution◦ Federal Legislation◦ Influence of the Executive branch
How is Education Governed?
Executiv
e
Legislative
Judicial
Board of Education◦ Strengthens state
leadership and policy making
◦ Promote excellence in education to all students
◦ Advocates equality of access to educational opportunity
◦ Ensures continued citizen support for public education
State Standards Boards◦ Responsible for the
governance and regulation of professional practice
Department of Education◦ Implements policies that
effect education in each state
State Government
The Politics of American Education
Intermediate Educational Units◦ Designed to provide
services that individual districts that might not be able to afford it on their own
◦ Promotes inter-district collaboration
Council of Chief State School Officers◦ Comprised of state
commissioners and superintendents
◦ Provides a forum for interstate discussion and information exchange on educational advances and issues
Intermediate Education Agencies
The Politics of American Education
Local Educational Agencies◦ School districts
Local Boards of Education◦ Group of people elected
by people to make decisions for the school district
◦ Must stay within State DOE standards
Superintendent◦ Works closely with BOE◦ Serves as the face of the
school district
Local Government
The Politics of American Education
Everyone from the boards of education, superintendents, principals, teachers to students is held accountable.
School Accountability
No Child Left Behind Schools and districts must meet state standards by 2014 Schools and districts issue school accountability report cards
available to parents and the community
Teacher Accountability Teachers are accountable for student learning Performance pay – bonuses or raises based on student achievement
The Politics of American Education
Administration Management of school affairs, puts into place the policies set by
state legislation and state and local boards of education
Principals Responsible for management at the school level Set school direction, build staff morale, leadership
School-Based Management (SBM) Governance process where the people affected by decisions are involved in making them
School Advisory Council (SAC) Membership of school and community stakeholders who make
decisions and recommendations regarding school operations
Governance and Administrationof Schools
The Politics of American Education
Total expenditure for public elementary and secondary education is $489.4 billion annually, which comes to $9,969 for one student per year.
Funding Education
Federal Support and Mandates Categorical grants – federal government support
through specific legislation designed to help particular groups of students (e.g. Head Start)
Recipients of federal funding must comply with all federal regulations
State Funding Sales tax, income tax, inheritance tax, various license
and occupation fees, and state lotteries Flat grants – equal funding based on the districts
average daily attendance Foundation grants – funding based on property
values, inversely related to community wealth
The Politics of American Education
Local Funding Property tax, based on assessed value of real estate
- Reliable, steady source of revenue- Inequity between districts
Private Funding Foundations provide support through grants and other
private funds Targeted to reforming education with an emphasis on
urban, minority, and special education- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation- Annenberg Foundation
Funding Education
The Politics of American Education
Federal vs. State Control Who do American believe should
have the greatest influence over what is taught in public school?
Decisions to be made: What is best
for students and what should they learn?
Issues of Governance and Finance
The Politics of American Education
Is using property tax to support education fair?
Privatization of public schools Why important to us, as teachers? Informed Professional Participation Accountability Teacher Empowerment
Financing EducationFunding Equity: the unequal ability of school districts to pay for quality education
The Politics of American Education