medium-frequency traction...
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Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Panel 5 – Innovative Traction systems
Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Jan Weigel Siemens AG
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Basic Concept
transformer efficiency suffers from itsmass requirementsInstallation space requirements
however mass and size is large
conventional transformer substituted byHV converter comprisingLine chokeseries connected convertersMF dc/dc converters (high powerdensity)
Advantagesefficiency↑mass/size↓Scalable platformFlexible installation
conventional medium frequency technology
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Scope & Objectives
Target: Evaluation of medium-frequency topologiesbased on available and emerging power semiconductors, Laboratorytest-setup
Identification of…design options (insulation, cooling, material choice, where to mount the harmonic absorber,…)operational options (medium frequency, catenary side converters)hardware requirements (components…(redundancy, passive line impedance), startup/regular op., fault handling)available, suitable and emerging power semiconductors
Evaluation MF- switching of power semiconductor Labprototype testing of key component “MF DC/DC-Converter”
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Components – StructureHV Module – Choice of individual DC-link Voltage
Series connection of Ns HV submodulesSeries and parallel connection of HV submodulesParallel connection of Np HV submodules
Vdc↑ per submodule
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Components – 4QC CascadeHV Module – Multilevel or 2 level
1.7kV, 3.3kV and 6.5kV available (there is currently no market for thedevelopment of HV SiC devices)Assume comparable fundamental voltage…
Complexity (gate drivers, insulation effort, transformerwindings, - taps, bushings,…)
reliability
LF AC performance @ givenfS and chip loading per IGBT
Redundancy/availability
# semicond./ 4QC or HV submodule
─ ── ─B
+OA
60%
++B
OOA20%
+OB
OOA20%
8I/D8I/D+4DB
4I4I/D+2D A
21rating
A
B
2 level submodules advantageous!
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Components – 4QC Cascade, Line choke4QC cascade
# 15kV/25kV min. 7/12 stages
3.6kV rated dc voltage
fS low as conventional, however significant resulting switching frequency
PWR
MMM
M
4QS
DC-DCi
u
0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.41
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
t / T
u, i
4QC & Line choke are conventional technology
MF DC/DC converter is the innovative component!
Line choke
Line compatibility
surges
Insulation as for conv. transformer
passiveimpedance
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Components – MF DC/DC Converter
dual active bridge Bidirectional power flow (drive&recuperation)
Pulsating power throughput (harmonic absorber on motor side)
high power density / small design
fS↑ transformer mass/size↓
High performance cooling
low effort for control
series resonant dc/dc-converter (beneficial) low effort for control of power flow and voltage
suitable switching frequency fS for HV IGBTs in soft switched mode?potential of next generations power semiconductors ?
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Lab Prototype Testing
Prototype setup in back-to-back mode
Adjustment of…
Pulse patternMagnetizing inductanceDifference voltage
Target
Suitable switching frequency @ optimized operationSuitable utilization and efficiency
Cr
D1 T1
D2
D3 T3
D4 T4
C11
C12
C21
C22
Lh
Udc1-Udc2
suitable switching frequency fS for HV IGBTs in soft switched mode?potential of next generations power semiconductors ?
Best measure for fS ↑ appropriate magnetizing current!
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Standard ↔ Modified IGBTse- irradiation shift trade-off between switching and con-duction loss
Comparison between latest std. and modified IGBTs
suitable switching frequency fS for HV IGBTs in soft switched mode?potential of next generations power semiconductors ?
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
EE Potential of MF- technology by application
city train (BR425)low rated efficiencystrong overload (160% due to reasons of installation space and mass) averageefficiency↓
High speed trains (ICE, Velaro)efficiency restricted by mass and size requirementsmostly close to max. power
Locos (e.g. Taurus)comp. high rated efficiencymuch partial load efficiency↑
Promising Applications
* Moderne Drehstromantriebstechnik – Stand und Perspektiven, ZEVrail Glasers Annalen
[Source: *]
[Source: *]
[Source: *]
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[Source: *]
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Availability: conventional/MF technologyRedundancy implemented due required voltage margin @ any power electronic defect
Comp. : Conventional MF transformer
50% Ptraction 87.5%/92% Ptraction (15/25kV)
Energy Efficiency Days 2009 in Tours/ FranceJan Weigel, Siemens AG Medium-Frequency Traction Transformer
Next Steps & Outlook
Passive line impedance final commitmentReport: D5.3.4 Validation data documentation of the medium
– frequency power stageContribution to Global Model: Efficiency characteristics
Evaluation of Energy Efficiency within Global Model