MEDICINE IN ISLAMIC MEDICINE IN ISLAMIC WORLDWORLD

Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARATAŞAssist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARATAŞ

Department of History of Medicine and EthicsDepartment of History of Medicine and Ethics

Medicine in Islamic WorldMedicine in Islamic World

Islam apIslam apppeared as another monotheistic religion in eared as another monotheistic religion in the middle east and spread into Near East, Africa and the middle east and spread into Near East, Africa and Spain. Spain.

Many Greek and Roman writings were translated into Many Greek and Roman writings were translated into Arabic. Arabic.

In later centuries they were translated to Latin, which In later centuries they were translated to Latin, which wwouldould be one of the main sources of Renaissance in be one of the main sources of Renaissance in Europe later on.Europe later on.

Gazan han / Chines philosopherGazan han / Chines philosopher

PulsePulse

Pregnant womanPregnant woman

MEDICINE IN ISLAMIC WORLDMEDICINE IN ISLAMIC WORLD

Loss of Greek and Roman works (Loss of Greek and Roman works (EuropeEurope) )

Translation of Greek and Roman worksTranslation of Greek and Roman works

İbni Sina / Galenİbni Sina / Galen

Medicine in Islamic WorldMedicine in Islamic World

Priest Nestorious – His followers started the Priest Nestorious – His followers started the Gondichapur school in Persia. This movement Gondichapur school in Persia. This movement involved translation of Ancient and especially involved translation of Ancient and especially Greek written sources to Assyrian and then to Greek written sources to Assyrian and then to Arabic languages.Arabic languages.

DiseasesDiseases

ScabiesScabies MediastinitisMediastinitis TuberculosisTuberculosis Pericarditis Pericarditis

Medicine in Islamic WorldMedicine in Islamic World

Muslim physicians gave great importance to clinical Muslim physicians gave great importance to clinical observation. observation.

They gave great importance to establishing of They gave great importance to establishing of hospitals. hospitals.

Diseases did not cause stigmatization for patients, and Diseases did not cause stigmatization for patients, and special attention special attention was was paid to eye diseases. paid to eye diseases.

TreatmentTreatment

Cauterization Cauterization AnesthesiaAnesthesia Herbal therapyHerbal therapy

Leprosy / CauterizationLeprosy / Cauterization

Famous PhysicansFamous Physicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

RhazeRhazess ( (RaziRazi) ) Abulcasis (Abulcasis (Abul Kasım ZahraviAbul Kasım Zahravi)) Avicenna (Avicenna (Ibni SinaIbni Sina))

Famous PhysicansFamous Physicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

RhazesRhazes ((RaziRazi 865-925 865-925))

(Persian)(Persian) was not only a was not only a brilliant bedside teacher brilliant bedside teacher but also a independent but also a independent thinker. He was not thinker. He was not afraid to write his own afraid to write his own observations. His book observations. His book Al-HawiAl-Hawi summarized summarized the medical and surgical the medical and surgical knowledge of his time. knowledge of his time.

Famous PhysicansFamous Physicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

Abulcasis (Abulcasis (Abul Kasim Abul Kasim ZahraviZahravi 936-1013 936-1013) ) mostly wrote on surgery mostly wrote on surgery and his book and his book al-Tasrif,al-Tasrif, had a great influence the had a great influence the CChristian west. hristian west.

Famous PhysicansFamous Physicans in Islamic World in Islamic World AvicennaAvicenna (970-1037 AD) (970-1037 AD)

(Arabian)(Arabian) was not only known in was not only known in Islamic world but so influential Islamic world but so influential through all history of medicine through all history of medicine for many centuries. He was for many centuries. He was known one of the most important known one of the most important and famous three physicians of and famous three physicians of all centuries with Hippocrates all centuries with Hippocrates and Galen. His book and Galen. His book The CanonThe Canon (Kanun) was and translated to (Kanun) was and translated to other languages and many other languages and many teachers, students and teachers, students and practitioners based their medical practitioners based their medical knowledge to this book for many knowledge to this book for many centuries. Even the medical centuries. Even the medical universities in the west until mid universities in the west until mid 17th century used 17th century used KanunKanun as a as a textbook for medical education. textbook for medical education.

PhysicansPhysicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

Farabi Farabi ((870-950870-950): ): Physician and Physician and philosopher. philosopher.

PhysicansPhysicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

BiruniBiruni ((973-1051973-1051))Mathematician, Mathematician, physician. “Kitap al physician. “Kitap al saydala”- a saydala”- a pharmacology book, pharmacology book, translated to other translated to other languages from languages from Asyrian language.Asyrian language.

PhysicansPhysicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

Ibn RüşdIbn Rüşd

((1126-11981126-1198) ) (cordoba) (cordoba) Physician and Physician and philosopher.philosopher.

PhysicansPhysicans in Islamic World in Islamic World

Ibn al-NefisIbn al-Nefis

((1210-12881210-1288): Described ): Described the pulmonary the pulmonary circulation, criticized circulation, criticized Galen’s anatomical Galen’s anatomical teachings.teachings.

Things to rememberThings to remember

The particular period in Islamic civilisation represents The particular period in Islamic civilisation represents a unique era. Arabic became the language of science a unique era. Arabic became the language of science and knowledge. Many works from Roman and Greek and knowledge. Many works from Roman and Greek were translated to Arabic.were translated to Arabic.

Avicenna ! Avicenna !

Many distinguished physicians and scholars, Many distinguished physicians and scholars, including Razi, Zahrawi, Farabi, Biruni etc.. including Razi, Zahrawi, Farabi, Biruni etc..

Konuyla İlgili SORU/CEVAPKonuyla İlgili SORU/CEVAP

Soru 1: Soru 1: İslam medeniyetindeki ünlü tıp hekimlerine örnek İslam medeniyetindeki ünlü tıp hekimlerine örnek hangileridir? hangileridir?

Cevap 1: İbni Sina, Zahravi, Razi Cevap 1: İbni Sina, Zahravi, Razi

Soru 2: Soru 2: İbni Sina’nın ünlü eserinin adı nedir? İbni Sina’nın ünlü eserinin adı nedir?

Cevap 2: KanunCevap 2: Kanun

ReferencesReferences

A. Selim ATAY, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, translationA. Selim ATAY, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, translation Tolga GÜVEN, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD Tolga GÜVEN, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD

ders notlarıders notları Ali Haydar BAYAT, Tıp TarihiAli Haydar BAYAT, Tıp Tarihi Emine ATABEK, Şefik GÖRKEY, Başlangıcından Rönesansa Emine ATABEK, Şefik GÖRKEY, Başlangıcından Rönesansa

Kadar Tıp TarihiKadar Tıp Tarihi Çağlar Boyu Tıp, Roche YayınlarıÇağlar Boyu Tıp, Roche Yayınları http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page