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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Complete!
CHAPTER
Second Edition
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
6
Content Review Slides
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Learning Objectives
• Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the skeletal and muscular systems.
• Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Learning Objectives (cont.)
• Build medical terms from word parts associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.
• Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
• Are combined to form the musculoskeletal system
• Work hand in hand to support the body and produce body movement
• Are subject to injury and inherited disorders, as well as diseases
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.1 Parts of a bone
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts
• arthr/o, articul/o = joint
• burs/o = purse or sac, bursa
• carp/o = wrist
• chondr/o = gristle, cartilage
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• condyl/o = knuckle of a joint
• cost/o = rib
• cran/o, crani/o = skull, cranium
• fasci/o = fascia
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• femor/o = thigh, femur
• fibr/o = fiber
• fibul/o = fibula
• ili/o = flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis
• ischi/o = haunch, hip joint, ischium
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• menisc/o = meniscus
• muscul/o = muscle
• my/o, myos/o = muscle
• myel/o = bone marrow
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• orth/o = straight
• ost/o, oste/o = bone
• pariet/o = wall
• patell/o = patella
• ped/o = child
• petr/o = stone
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• phalang/o = phalanges
• phys/o = growth
• pub/o = pubis
• radi/o = radius
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• sacr/o = sacred, sacrum
• skelet/o = skeleton
• spondyl/o = vertebra
• stern/o = chest, sternum
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.)
• synov/o, synovi/o = synovial
• tars/o = tarsal bone
• ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon
• vertebr/o = vertebra
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Anatomy
Musculoskeletal system = the combined muscular and skeletal systems
Muscles = Composed of skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue. Muscles along with tendons and bones produce body movement. Muscle contraction also produces heat, assisting the body in regulating body temperature.
Bones = Composed of mainly connective tissue receiving blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Function in the support of soft internal organs, the storage of mineral salts including calcium and phosphorus, and the production of blood cells within the red bone marrow. Serve as an attachment site for muscles
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.2 The bones of the skeleton. The skeleton, anterior view.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.3 The major muscles of the human body, anterior side.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Pathophysiology Terms
• Orthopedics: The branch of medicine focusing on disease and conditions of the musculoskeletal system, including injury, infections, tumor development, endocrine disease, and inherited disorders
• Orthopedist: A physician specializing in orthopedics
Source: vectomart / Shutterstock.com
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Signs and Symptoms: Word Parts
• a- = without, absence of
• brady- = slow
• dys- = bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
• hyper- = excessive, abnormally high, above
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• arthr/o = joint
• kinesi/o = motion
• my/o = muscle
• tax/o = reaction to a stimulus
• ten/o = stretch, tendon
• troph/o = development
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• -a = singular
• -algia, -dynia = condition of pain
• -ia = condition of
• -y = process of
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Muscle Atrophy Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of muscle atrophy.
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Muscular Dystrophy Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of muscular dystrophy.
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts
• a- = without, absence of
• epi- = upon, over, above, on top
• para- = alongside, abnormal
• poly- = excessive, over, many
• quadri- = four
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• ankyl/o = crooked
• arthr/o = joint
• burs/o = purse or sac, bursa
• carcin/o = cancer
• carp/o = wrist
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• chondr/o = gristle, cartilage
• condyl/o = knuckle of a joint
• fibr/o = fiber
• kyph/o = hump
• leuk/o = white
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• lith/o = stone
• lord/o = bent forward
• menisc/o = meniscus
• myel/o = bone marrow
• my/o, myos/o = muscle
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• ost/o, oste/o = bone
• por/o = hole
• sarc/o = flesh, meat
• scoli/o = curved
• spondyl/o = vertebra
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• synov/o, synovi/o = synovial
• ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• -algia = condition of pain
• -asthenia = weakness
• -cele = hernia, swelling, protrusion
• -emia = condition of blood
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• -genesis = origin, cause
• -itis = inflammation
• -malacia = softening
• -oma = tumor
• -osis = condition of
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)
• -plasia = formation, growth
• -plegia = paralysis
• -ptosis = drooping
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.4 Achondroplasia Source: itanistock/Alamy
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.5B Progressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Arthritis Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of arthritis.
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Fractures
• Fracture: The clinical term for a break in a bone
• Colles’: A break in the distal part of the radius
• Comminuted: A break resulting in fragmentation of the bone
• Compression: A crushed break, often due to weight or pressure
• Displaced: A break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Fractures (cont.)
• Epiphyseal: A break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone
• Greenstick: A slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray
• Nondisplaced: A break in which the broken bones retain their alignment
• Pott’s: A break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg • Spiral: A spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses
along a long bone
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.6 Common bone fractures
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Bone Healing Animation
Click here to view an animation on the topic of bone healing.
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.7 Gout
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.8 Herniated disk
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.9 Spinal disfigurements
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.10 Osteoporosis
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Osteoporosis Video
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.11 Sprain
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts
• arthr/o = joint
• burs/o = purse or sac, bursa
• chondr/o = gristle, cartilage
• cost/o = rib
• crani/o = skull, cranium
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)
• electr/o = electricity
• fasci/o = fascia
• lamin/o = thin, lamina
• my/o = muscle
• orth/o = straight
• ost/o, oste/o = bone
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)
• spondyl/o = vertebra
• syn/o = connect
• ten/o = stretch, tendon
• vertebr/o = vertebra
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)
• -centesis = surgical puncture
• -clasia, -clasis = break apart
• -desis = surgical fixation or fusion
• -ectomy = surgical removal or excision
• -gram = a record or image
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)
• -graphy = recording process
• -iatry = treatment or specialty
• -ist = one who specializes
• -lysis = loosen, dissolve
• -pathy = disease
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)
• -plasty = surgical repair
• -rrhaphy = suturing
• -scope = instrument used for viewing
• -scopy = the process of viewing
• -tic = pertaining to
• -tomy = incision or to cut
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.12 Arthrocentesis
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Arthroscopy Source: piotrwzk / Shutterstock.com
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Figure 6.13 Arthroscopic surgery
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Arthroscopy Video
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Internal fixation Source: © Sphotography/ Dreamstime.com
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
External ring fixation technique in orthopedic medicine sima / Shutterstock.com
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Combining Form Quiz
1. cost/o a. straight
2. orth/o b. curved
3. arthr/o c. rib
4. kyph/o d. hump
5. scoli/o e. joint
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second Edition Bruce Wingerd
Combining Form Quiz
1. cost/o a. straight
2. orth/o b. curved
3. arthr/o c. rib
4. kyph/o d. hump
5. scoli/o e. joint