Medical EthicsMedical Ethics

Medical EthicsMedical Ethics

–Preparation–Listening-centered activity–Reading-centered activity

PreparationPreparation

一主题词汇– Diseases and symptoms– Diagnosis and treatment– Departments in a hospital– Medical personnel– Medical instruments

Diseases and symptomsDiseases and symptoms

– Epidemic– Appendicitis– Bronchitis– Arthritis– Diabetes– Flu– Malnutrition– indigestion

Diagnosis and treatmentDiagnosis and treatment

– Serious– Minor– Common– Acute– Chronic– occupational

Departments in a hospitalDepartments in a hospital

– Surgical– Medical– Infectious– Children’s– Maternity– Mental– Dental– Optical– Nurse

Medical personnelMedical personnel

– Physician– Surgeon– Oculist– Pediatrician– Psychiatrist– Resident– Intern– nurse

Medical instrumentsMedical instruments

– Operating table– Microscope– Pace-maker– Stretcher– Ambulance– Thermometer– Blood pressure gauge– stethoscope

Listening-centered activitiesListening-centered activities

Listening 1 useful expressions

– Keep someone on a machine– Make … hurt longer– Will finally die anyway– Get well again– Fight death

Listening-centered activitiesListening-centered activities

Listening 2 useful expressions

– What it was like– Hear … in her ears– Outside of her real body– Go through– Find the words

Understanding the organization of Understanding the organization of the textthe text

Part 1 introduction (Para. 1)

Assisted suicide and euthanasia are practiced in Holland, yet a close look reveals the truth.

Part 2Part 2

(Para. 2-11)

The truth about the practice of euthanasia in Holland.

Part 3Part 3

(Para. 12-20) A solution to the problem

Paraphrase the Following Paraphrase the Following Sentences:Sentences:

1. The Royal Dutch Medical Association officially endorsed euthanasia

in1984, and issued strict guidelines on how to perform it: The patient’s condition must be one of unbearable suffering that cannot be relieved, and the patient must freely request to die. (L4-6)

The Royal Dutch Medical Association gave an official endorsement to euthanasia in 1984, and made out strict rules on its performance: The patient’s suffering was great and the patient is doomed but voluntary to die.

The Royal Dutch Medical Association gave an official endorsement to euthanasia in 1984, and made out strict rules on its performance: The patient’s suffering was great and the patient is doomed but voluntary to die.

2. When a patient does ask, the doctor should not proceed

without consulting an independent physician. (L6)

When a patient does request to die, the doctor should

consult a doctor who is not involved in the case before

the proceeding of euthanasia.

3. The survey did not count as euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide

the 900 cases in which patient’s lives were ended without their request and nearly 1,900 deaths in which doctors increased pain-killing drugs with the explicit intention of hastening death. (L17-20)

The survey did not regard the 900 cases and nearly 1,900 deaths as euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. In the 900 cases, the doctor carried out the euthanasia without patient’s request, and in the 1,900 cases doctors obviously intended to quicken patient’s death by adding pain-killing medicines.

4. Instead of ensuring that the patient’s true wishes were observed, the doctor carried out the euthanasia. (L49-50)

The doctor performed euthanasia without taking patients’ true wishes into consideration.

5. Dr. Robert Twycross, a leading British authority on palliative care, recalls a cancer patient who frank excessively to escape the pain and mental distress caused by his illness and finally demanded to be put to death. (L57-59)

Dr. Robert Twycross who is a major British authority on palliative care recalls a case that a cancer patient tried to avoid his painful results by drinking too much and requested euthanasia finally.

6. “Depression often overlaps and complicates

terminal illness,” Twycross says. (L61)

“Distress often goes with terminally ill patie

nts and makes diseases complicated,” Twycr

oss says.

Important Structures: Important Structures: In-Class Reading: A license to kill In-Class Reading: A license to kill

1. Though patients are supposed to decide for themselves, they are sometimes influenced by doctors.(L12-13)

短语 be supposed to do something 经常用来表示“应该；准许”。例如： a. We are supposed to state clearly and freely what we think. b. We are not supposed to play football on Sundays.  

2. The courts ruled that the doctors had no option but to kill.2. The courts ruled that the doctors had no option but to kill.

(L42-43)(L42-43)

介词 but 后只能用不定式作宾语，不能用动名词。若 but 前有实意动词，其后的不定式省略 to 。反之，则不省略 to 。例如：

a. Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.

b. That was so serious a matter that I had no option but to call in the police.

 

3. You can’t have her come all this way for nothing.

(L48-49)

这里 have 与否定词 can’t 连用表示“不允许，不容忍”。例如：a. I can’t have a mouse hide under my bed.

b. The hungry man can’t have his dignity degraded .

 

Language Points:Language Points: In-Class Reading: A license to kill In-Class Reading: A license to kill

complicate （ L61 ）

 

v. 1.make complex 使复杂：1) Don’t complicate the problem by raising new issues.2) Just to complicate things, the engine broke down.

2. make an illness worse 使恶化 : 1) His headache was complicated by eye trouble. 2) It is a serious disease complicated by an additional bacterial infection

complicated complicated

adj. difficult to do or understand 复杂的 :

1) This is the most complicated case I have ever handled.

2) Life is so complicated beyond all reason.

dedicatededicate （（ L77L77 ））

v. 1. to give completely 完全用于、献身于： 1) Mornings are dedicated to reading and afternoons to writing.

2) The mother dedicates herself to the emancipation of all mankind.

2. to formally open or publish in honor of someone 正式落成或出版以纪念某人；献给：

1) The park is dedicated to a poet named Walt Whitman.

2) To my father I will dedicate this volume in token of affection and gratitude.

3. to put aside, give for a special purpose （为一特定目的而）储存；捐献：

1) We must dedicate funds to house the poor.

2) Part of the building was dedicated to chemical research.

dedicated dedicated

adj. given completely to someone or something 献身的；一心一意的 :

1) She is a dedicated athlete who practices everyday.

2) The doctor was dedicated to improve hospital care

in his community.

dedication dedication

n. [U] personal devotion, commitment to something 献身；奉献：1) My uncle has great dedication to the cause of revolu

tion.

2) The shrine was built in dedication to Aphrodite.

[c] a formal ceremony to open a building, etc （建筑物等的）落成仪式：

1) The major will attend the dedication of the new par

k.

2) The archbishop attended dedications of new church

es last week.

humanehumane （（ L79L79 ））

adj. concerned for others 仁爱的、慈善的：1) The Humane Society tries to prevent cruelty t

o animals.

2) A humane officer saved the animal out of hu

manity.

humanity humanity

n. 1. [U] human beings as a group 人；人类： 1) Humanity is threatened by nuclear war.

2) Advances in science help all humanity.

2. [U] the state or condition of being human being 人性；仁慈：

1) He showed his humanity by helping his neighbors.

2) There is great humanity in all the writing of Tolstoy.

imprisonimprison （（ L9L9 ））

v. 1. to sent to jail 关押；监禁： 1) The judge imprisoned the criminal for theft.

2) The man was imprisoned for life.

2. control , suppress 压制、束缚 :

1) He imprisoned his anger before the insults of the

court.

2) We should not be imprisoned by bourgeois ideol

ogy.

imprison （ L9 ）

injectinject （（ L26L26 ）） v. 1. to drive or force a liquid , drug etc into 注射：1) The doctor injected some medicine into the patient with a needl

e.

2) The humane nurse injected the boy’s arm with morphine.

2. to force into, put into 加入、掺入：1) His appointment may inject some new life into the committee.

2) The editor injected his political prejudice into news reports.

parliamentparliament （（ L3L3 ）） n. a law making body 国会、议会 :

1) He entered Parliament as Conservative member f

or South Birmingham.

2) Parliament was opened by the king.

3) Sir Jason represented this town in Parliament.

4) The bill is now before Parliament.

swaysway （（ L27L27 ））

v. 1. to move back and forth 摇摆、摇动 :

1) The wind swayed the tree to the ground.

2) The trees swayed in the strong breeze.

2. to influence, to persuade 使改变看法 主意；支配：1) We are swayed by sentiment.

2) That was the motive that swayed with him.

After-Class ReadingAfter-Class Reading

Passage I

Required Course: Beside Manner 101

Important structuresImportant structures

1. Studies show that the more comfortable patients feel with a careg

iver, the more likely they are to reveal medical facts and to follo

w medical instruction.(L18-20)

the more…the more… 表示”越……就越……”。例如：a.    a. The more he read her letters, the more sympathy he showed to

her situation.

b. The harder you work, the more progress you will make in your

English study.

2. Students are videotaped so that they can see themselves backing away f

rom a prostitute, sighing as an elderly man talks on and on, or glaring

angrily when challenged.(L44-46)

这里 when challenged 是 when he is challenged 的省略形式， he 指代 an elderly man 。 when 引导的状语从句主语与主句一致，可以省略。

a. Soldiers are ready to go to the battlefield when needed.

b. The criminal wanted to equate his crimes with our quest for justice

when caught on the spot.

3. He recommends that his patient say “I love you” to someo

ne that day.(L74-75)

recommend 意为“推荐，劝告”，宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：

a. I recommend that you go to the cinema with her tonigh

t.

b. The mother recommends we have a snack before doing

homework.

Passage IIPassage IIHuman Cloning, Don’t Just Say No!Human Cloning, Don’t Just Say No!

1. While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity,

no one has yet made a persuasive case that it will do any real har

m, either.(L7-8)

while 意为“虽然，即使”，引导让步状语从句。例如： a. While I admits good points, I can see his shortcomings.

b. While I understand your viewpoints, I don’t agree with you.

2. It make perfect sense to say that adult persons have a right not to b

e cloned without their voluntary, informed consent.(L14-15)

此句结构倒装，避免头重脚轻。 it 为形式主语，真正主语为不定式部分。例如：

a.   It shattered his dream that he was caught cheating on exam by

the headmaster.

b.   It sends the public into a panic to reach the reality that humans

can also be cloned.

3. But a cloned child born to such dubious parents stands no greater or les

ser chance of being loved, or rejected, or warped than a child normally

conceived.(L34-36)

no more (A) than (B) 意为“不比 B 更 A ，同 B 一样 A” 。例如： a. There is no freer city than New York, one can do as he pleases there.

b. This kind of flower requires no more frequent watering than any oth

er in the garden.

Passage III How the Gene Test Can Affect Passage III How the Gene Test Can Affect Your InsuranceYour Insurance

1. No one would argue that genetic tests are worthless.(L11)

argue 意为“争论 , 辩论” , 可跟宾语从句。例如：a. They argued that their actions had nothing to do with the riot, but

I think that's debatable.

b. Others argue that more bus routes should be opened up because b

uses can accommodate more passengers.

2. The act also guarantee coverage to anyone leaving one group pla

n for another, whatever his pre-existing conditions.(L55-57)

whatever 具有形容词性，后可接名词，意为“无论什么，不管什么”。 例如：

a. Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.

b. Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.

Language pointsLanguage points

Passage I

Required Course: Beside Manner 101

Mock (L46)Mock (L46)

v. to make fun of someone, usually by imitating( 通过模仿 ) 取笑 :

1) The older children mocked the way the baby tried to speak.

2) The heave steel doors mocked the attempts of the thieves to

open the safe.

adj. in imitation, fake 假的；仿制的；模拟的： 1) Soldiers fought a mock battle in training exercises.

2) The mock film bought at the airport made a mock of his feel

ings.

ravage ravage （（ L4L4 ））

v. 1. to destroy; to damage badly 破坏 ; 毁灭 :

1) Malaria and a high fever ravaged his body with sickness and pai

n.

2) The fire ravaged the forest for miles around.

2. to rob, plunder, with violence 抢劫 ; 掠夺 :

1) The land was ravaged with fire and sword.

2) The rebellious army ravaged the quiet but rich countryside.

n. destruction; devastation 破坏 ; 蹂躏 :

1) Many architectural treasures suffered from the ravages of war.

2) The temple escaped the ravage of fire.

Passage IIPassage IIHuman Cloning, Don’t Just Say No!Human Cloning, Don’t Just Say No!

clone(L1) v. 1. to make a duplicate copy of a living thing 克隆，复制生物： 1) Scientists have successfully cloned a cute cat.

2) To clone a human will violate human dignity.

2. to make a copy of something 模仿： 1) Many cars look like each other because their makers cloned t

heir competitors’ designs.

2) The one who clones other’s writing style is not a good writer.

cloningcloning

n. the act or process of making a duplicate copy of a living thing 克隆 , 无性繁殖 :

1) cloning is on the cutting edge of contemporary science.

2) The cloning of a man will embarrass many religious p

eople.

eradicate(L27)eradicate(L27)

v. destroy completely 根除： 1) Modern science has eradicated some diseases such a

s cholera, measles and phthisis.

2) An era of progress has eradicated some out-of-date c

ustoms in the rural areas.

    outlaw (L48) outlaw (L48)

n. a criminal being chased by the police 逃犯；歹徒： 1) Sheriffs chased outlaws on horseback in the old West.

2) A posse was formed to track down the outlaw.

v. to make something illegal 宣布…不合法： 1) Many states have outlawed the use of marijuana.

2) The government warned that it would consider legislation to outla

w smoking in public places.

Passage III How the Gene Test Can Affect Passage III How the Gene Test Can Affect Your InsuranceYour Insurance

alert (L17)adj.

1. aware, attentive 警觉的 :

1) The guard stayed alert to watch for anything unusual.

2) She was so alert that not a single error in the report slipped past her.

2. bright, intelligent 聪明的 ; 机警的 :

1) The statesman was alert in answering newspaper reporters’ question

s.

2) The little girl is alert to every sound and movement.

alertalert

n. being watchful 警觉 ; 留心 1) Drivers must be on the alert for traffic signals.

2) They were instructed to be on the alert against any surprise attack fro

m the enemy.

v. put …on the alert 使警觉 ; 警告 :

1) The doctor alerted me to the danger of not getting enough sleep.

2) The economist alerted the government to the danger of inflation.

disclose (L27)disclose (L27)

v. uncover; make known 揭露 ; 透露 :

1) The secret has been disclosed to the public.

2) The good young man refused to disclose his name an

d address.

disclosure n. making known 揭露 ; 透露 :

1) We must accept all the disclosures of science.

2) The newspaper’s disclosure shocked the public.

gauge (L44)gauge (L44)

n. standard measure; extent 标准度量 ; 程度 ; 范围 :

1) The old man was taking the gauge of the structure.

2) Measure man and manners by the gauge one sets up for himself.

v. to estimate, judge, or appraise 估计 ;判定 :

1) Can you gauge the strength of wind?

2) It is very important to gauge a person’s character before making fri

ends with him.

Translate the following sentences Translate the following sentences into Chineseinto Chinese..

After-Class Reading:Passage I Required Course:

Beside Manner 101

1. Virtually every health worker has a story of regret over care not given to a needy patient.(L.9)

实际上每个医务人员都有未能给急需帮助的病人以照顾的遗憾经历。

2. Many people suffer from what medical professionals call

the “good patient syndrome”, a reluctance to take up a nu

rse’s time a fear that a complaint isn’t worth mentioning.

(L.35)

许多人患上一种医学界称为的“好病人综合症”， 不愿占用护士时间，或担心病症不值一提。

3. Bernie is convinced that if people are to heal physical

they must also heal emotionally.(L.78)

伯尼确信，如果人们想身体痊愈，他们必须在感情上也恢复健康状态。

Passage IIPassage II Human Cloning, Human Cloning, Don’t Just Say No!Don’t Just Say No!

1. That scientists have cloned a sheep sends academics a

nd the public into panic at the prospect that the huma

ns might be the next. (L1)

科学家已经克隆了一只绵羊，这使学术界和公众陷入恐慌，担心下一个可能轮到人类啦。

2. While human cloning might not offer great benefit to h

umanity, no one has made a persuasive case that it woul

d do any harm, either. (L.7)

即使人类克隆也许不能给全人类带来益处，但是也没有拿出令人信服的事实来说明它会产生实实在在的危害。

3. Many of the science fiction scenarios prompted by the pr

ospect of human cloning turn out, upon reflection, to be

absurdly improbable. (L.17)

受人类克隆的前景推动而创作的许多科幻电影剧本，细细想来都是荒谬的，不可能的。

Passage IIIPassage III How the Gene Test Can How the Gene Test Can Affect Your InsuranceAffect Your Insurance

1. One respondent was denied a job selling insurance after

he disclosed that he had a hereditary disease that can be

treated for about $1,200 a year.(L.27)

一调查对象因透露他有一种遗传疾病而没能得到卖保险的工作。该病年治疗费大约 1200美元。

2. A public agency took the child, eventually matching her w

ith a couple who had previously rejected themselves.

(L.33)

一个公共机构收下了这个孩子，最后把她放在曾想领养但被拒绝的夫妇那里。

3. As long as employers have access to genetic informatio

n, they’ll have an irresistible incentive to use it. (L.

70)

只要雇主得到基因信息，他们就有一种不可抗拒的动机去使用它。

QuizQuiz

1) The specialist firmly ___ reform in classroom and curriculum. A) advocated B) dedicated C) indicated D) delicate

2) An official should ___ his life to fighting against corruption. A) discriminate B) dedicate C) designate D) desperate

3)  It is against medical ___ for doctors to advertise.A) ethical B) ethnic

C) ethics D) ethic

4)  If we insist on plot the future by the past, we clearly ___ ourselves and invite failure.A) facilitate B) ban

C) handicap D) restrict

5)  The fascists committed monstrous crimes against ___.A) human B) humane

C) humanity D) brutality

6) The young addict has to ___ his arm with drugs every few hours.A) inject B) infect

C) reject D) inspect

7)  They will make an ___ of all the items in the estate. A) involuntary B) investigation

C) inventory D) inventive

8)  Obviously, the two sets of policies can ___ and complement each other. A) overhear B) overcome C) overlap D) overtake

9) We are confident that the case will ___ with two word “Not guilty”.A) terminal B) terminate

C) termination D) commence

Complete each of the following sentences with the proper Complete each of the following sentences with the proper

word derived from the one given in the brackets.word derived from the one given in the brackets.

1. ___ from school may be employed for those who constantly play

truant. (suspended)

2. The game ___ in a victory for the home team. (terminally)

3. The school authority will ___ the deadline until the end of the

month. (extended)

4.  Many young men have ___ teaching as a profession. (adoption)

5.   Students are asked to write a ___ on one of Shakespeare’s plays.

(comment)

Complete each of the following sentences according to Complete each of the following sentences according to

the Chinese meanings giving in bracketsthe Chinese meanings giving in brackets. .

1. The artist has ___ your features very well in the portrait. ( 重现 )

2. The preparation for his first speech has completely ___ him. ( 使心慌意乱 )

3. The first ten years of the new century is a vital period of ___ growth.

(发展的 )

4. Sending a spaceship to Mars is an ____ event. ( 史无 前 例的 )

5. She was ___ to accept the engagement of an ugly old man. ( 非自愿的 )

Translate the following sentences into EnglishTranslate the following sentences into English

我的狗对任何响动都很警觉。（ alert to ） 这些不幸几乎使他失去理智。（ deprive of ） 他被指控发表了煽动性的讲话。（ charge with ） 许多考生别无他法，只能选考英国文学。（ have no option but t

o ） 小国的外交官被迫在文件上签字。（ intimidate into ）