mediator 4

7/28/2019 Mediator 4

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Djumadi Achmad


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BEBERAPA GOLONGAN Mediator :

1. Amine vasoaktif : histamin, serotonin

2. Protease plasma : komplemen, kinin,

sistem pembekuan

3. Metabolit asam arakhidonik : Prostaglandin,leukotrien

4. Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)

5. Sitokin : IL-1, IL-8, TNF

6. Nitric oxide (NO)

7. Enzim lisosomal dari lekosit

8. Radikal bebas dari oksigen


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Cell-derived mediators

Diproduksi oleh :

Platelet

Mast cells / basophils Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Endothelial cells

Monocytes / macrophages

Injured tissue


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Cell-derived mediators

Pembentukannya :1. Preformed dan disimpan dalam

granula sitoplasma (histamin,serotonin, enzim lisosomal)

2. Berasal dari metabolisme asamarakhidonik (prostaglandin,leukotrien, tromboxan, platelet

activating factor)3. Produk lain dari vascular regulator

(NO)


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Mast cell / basofil,

Platelet

Jejas fisik

Rx imun : Ab-mast cell

Komplemen : C3a, C5a

Histamine-releasing protei

dari lekosit

Neuropeptide : substasi P

Sitokin : IL-1, IL-8

Vasodilatasi

Hiperpermeabilitas


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Platelet

Kontak : kollagen,trombin, ADP, komp

Ag-Ab

PAF


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Figure 2-16 Generation of arachidonic acid metabolites and their roles in inflammation. The molecular

targets of action of some anti-inflammatory drugs are indicated by a red X. COX, cyclooxygenase; HETE,

hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HPETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid.


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Metabolit Asam Arakhidonik

Metabolit EfekTXA2, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

PGI2, PGE1, PGE2, PGD2

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

LB4, HETE

PGE2

Vasokonstriksi

Vasodilatasi

Hiperpermeabilitas

Khemotaktik

Nyeri, demam


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Mast cell / basofil, netrofil,

monosit, endotel,

Vasokonstriksi,

spasme bronkhus

Vasodilatasi

Hiperpermeabilita

Adhesi lekosit

Khemotaksis

Degranulasi

Radikal bebas O-

IgE mediated rx

Membran fosfolipid

PAF

PLA2


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Figure 2-18 Major effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in inflammation.


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Figure 2-19 Functions of nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels and macrophages, produced by two

NO synthase enzymes. NO causes vasodilation, and NO free radicals are toxic to microbialand mammalian cells. NOS, nitric oxide synthase.


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Plasma-derived mediators

1. Sistem komplemen

2. Faktor Hageman (faktor XII)


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Figure 2-14 The activation and functions of the complement system. Activation of complement by

different pathways leads to cleavage of C3. The functions of the complement system are

mediated by breakdown products of C3 and other complement proteins, and by the membrane

attack complex (MAC).


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Figure 2-15 Interrelationships between the four plasma mediator systems triggered by activation of factor

XII (Hageman factor). Note that thrombin induces inflammation by binding to protease-activated receptors

(principally PAR-1) on platelets, endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and other cells.


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Sistem KININ

Efek :

Diinaktifkan oleh : Kininase

1. Hiperpermeabilitas

2. Kontraksi otot polos

3. Vasodilatasi

4. Nyeri

mediator 4

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