media use in the middle east: an eight-nation survey
DESCRIPTION
Media Use in the Middle East: An Eight-Nation Survey. Northwestern University in Qatar Everette E. Dennis, Justin D. Martin & Robb Wood Northwestern University in Qatar. 2013. 1.0. Introduction & Key Findings. Key Findings. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Media Use in the Middle East:An Eight-Nation Survey
Northwestern University in Qatar
Everette E. Dennis, Justin D. Martin & Robb WoodNorthwestern University in Qatar
2013
2
1.0
Introduction & Key Findings
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 3
• Many respondents see improvement news reporting in the Arab World over the past two years. A majority of adults in six of the eight countries surveyed agree that the quality of reporting has improved.
• Perceptions of news media credibility within individual countries vary widely. Saudi Arabia, Jordan and UAE are the most optimistic; Egypt, Lebanon and Tunisia less so.
• Internet usage varies widely by country. Strongest usage in the Gulf countries – UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia; lowest usage in Egypt.
• Most respondents believe people should be able to express their opinions online, whatever those opinions may be. However…
• Majorities in Lebanon, KSA, Qatar and Tunisia would like to see tighter regulation of the Internet in their country. Those in Bahrain, Jordan and UAE have mixed opinions about regulation.
Key Findings
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 4
• Social networking is near universal among those online and no other site comes close to Facebook. Many also use Twitter and Google+ in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and UAE, less so in other countries.
• Al Jazeera is the most popular information source for news and current events across the region. Mentions of Al Jazeera vary by country, but a portion of people in every country surveyed name it unaided as a top source for news.
• Respondents in Egypt are less connected. While TV usage is strong, respondents show low usage of other media sources.
• In most countries, TV trumps Internet as the most important source for news and current events. In Qatar, the Internet is a considerably more important source than TV.
• In Qatar, Bahrain, Lebanon and UAE, respondents are more likely to access the Internet in English than Arabic.
Key Findings
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 5
Face-to-face survey conducted December 2012 - April 2013*
General population sample, 18 years and older
Methodology
TOTALResponse
Rate
QUOTAS
NationalArab Expat
Asian Expat Other
Bahrain 1250 83% 751 98 276 125Egypt 1252 92% 1252 - - -Jordan*** 1250 75% 1044 206 - -KSA 1252 81% 848 153 150 101Lebanon 1256 70% 1232 23 - 1Qatar** 919 54% 242 290 284 103Tunisia 1250 21% 1150 - - 100UAE 1264 70% 313 297 441 213TOTAL 9693 6832 1067 1151 643
Method
Audience
* Survey conducted via telephone in Qatar. **Number of interviews to date. The final sample size will be 1250.***197 respondents are Palestinian.
6
4.0
Media Usage
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 7
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 9889
99 98 100 99 99 98 99
65
9082
22
46
82
58 60
91
6066
84
24
48
6151
7080
5463
87
25
37
59
34
50
80
32 34
68
310
3631
24
52
34
53
66
714
3529 30
40
Watch TV Use the internet Listen to radio Read newspapers Read magazines Read books
Highest internet penetration is in Gulf countries – UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and KSA – the countries with higher incomes, higher education levels and widest range of ethnic diversity. Highest usage of all media in Bahrain, lowest in Egypt.
Media Use
% Use Medium
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ11. During a typical week, how many hours do you spend on the following activities not online? (Total minus ‘Do not spend time doing this activity/Don’t know/Refused’) Q14. Do you currently use the internet?
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013
Languages Used to Access the Internet
8
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
71
5263
96 98
7766
97
5154
7669
24 25 28
79
38
64
123 1 0 0 0
12
85
1
Arabic English French
BASE: INTERNET USERSQ21. Which languages do you use to access media?: Internet
Those in Qatar, Bahrain, Lebanon and UAE are more likely to use the Internet in English than Arabic. In the other countries, at least one in four use the Internet in English. French is popular in Tunisia.
% Language Used
9
5.0
Internet Usage
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 10
In most countries, Internet users tend to have wireless access. The greatest disparity between Internet usage and usage of wireless handheld devices is in Tunisia.
Use of Wireless Handheld Devices
Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%90
82
22
46
82
58 60
91
79 78
7
32
69
53
26
75
Use Internet Use Wireless Handheld Devices
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ14. Do you currently use the internet? Q26. Do you use the Internet through wireless handheld devices such as a mobile phone or tablet?
AVG: 65%
AVG: 52%
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 11
Smart phones and laptops are popular in most countries; tablets are less prevalent. Qatar reports the highest level of tablet usage.
Wireless Devices Used
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
71 72
89
25
43
7467
37
82
6558
68
40
58
75
5244
82
2514
28
4754
7
34
52
182234 32
71
1610 6
32
Smart phone Laptop computer Other cell phone Tablet% Use Device
BASE: USE WIRELESS HANDHELD DEVICESQ28. Which wireless handheld device(s) do you use?
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 12
Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
74
99
8694 96 98 94 95
Almost everyone online uses social networking sites. Usage of these sites is lowest in Qatar.
Use of Social Networking Sites
3.1 4.1 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.9 4.1 2.7 Hours Per DayAvg: 3.2
% Use Social Networking Sites
BASE: INTERNET USERSQ35. How much time in a typical day do you spend using social networking sites? (Total minus ‘Do not use social networking sites/Don’t know/Refused’)
AVG: 93%
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 13
Nearly everyone is on Facebook. More than half in Bahrain, KSA and UAE are also on Twitter and Google+. Fewer use Instagram or LinkedIn.
Social Networking Sites Used
BASE: USE SOCIAL NETWORKING SITESQ36. Which of the following social networking sites do you use?
Sites Used (%)
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Facebook Twitter Google+ Instagram LinkedIn
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 14
Those in Gulf countries – Qatar, Bahrain, KSA and UAE – are more likely to complete transactions online. Fewer manage investments online.
Online Transactions
BASE: INTERNET USERSQ36A. Now I’d like you to think about different transactions people do in their everyday lives like banking or shopping. How frequently do you use the Internet for the following purposes?
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Travel reservations/bookings Use bank's online servicesPay bills Buy things onlineInvest in stocks/bonds
% Do Activity at All(Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Less than Monthly)
15
6.0
Media Importance & Perceived Reliability
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 16
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%84
58
84 8496 92 89
7787
6572
85
22
61
7869
51
82
5348
73
23
62 6557
28
72
4837
59
14
6256
49 4655
73
60
81
64
8472 69 68
79
TV Internet Newspapers Radio Interpersonal Sources
TV, Internet and interpersonal sources are most important for news and current events.
Importance of Medium for News & Current Events
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ18. For news and current events, how important is each of the following to you as a source? Use the following scale: 1=Not important at all, 2=Not important, 3=Neutral/Undecided, 4=Important, 5=Very Important.
% Very Important/Important
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 17
The majority in UAE find all sources reliable. Those in Egypt and Tunisia are less likely to find the Internet, newspapers and radio reliable. Those in Tunisia also do not find TV reliable.
Perceived Reliability of Information by Medium
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ20. How much of the information from the following sources do you feel is generally reliable? Use a scale of 1 to 5 where “1” means none of it is reliable and “5” means that all of it is reliable.
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
70
5665
59
93 89
65
42
85
54 52
70
17
55
77
54
25
78
47 4956
17
65 61
41
13
74
4944
54
16
7363
4032
71
TV Internet Newspapers Radio% All or Most Are Reliable
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 18
Most respondents believe people should be able to express their opinions online, whatever those opinions may be.
Freedom of Expression on the Internet
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ38.2. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use a scale of 1 to 5 where “1” means strongly disagree and “5” means strongly agree. Remember that you can choose any number between 1 and 5.
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
9 6 3
298 3 5 8 3
12 18 18
11
116
14 1210
19 16 16
12
24
15
20 2322
61 60 6348 57
7661 57 65
Strongly Agree/Agree Neither Agree nor DisagreeStrongly Disagree/Disagree Don't Know/Refused
It is okay for people to express their ideas on the Internet, even if they are unpopular (%)
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 19
Majorities in Lebanon, KSA, Qatar and Tunisia want tighter regulation of the Internet in their countries; those in Bahrain, Jordan and UAE have mixed opinions about regulation.
Regulation of the Internet
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ38.8. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use a scale of 1 to 5 where “1” means strongly disagree and “5” means strongly agree. Remember that you can choose any number between 1 and 5.
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
12 7 6
42
11 3 7 10 6
16 21 25
7
21
911
15 19
22 1625
926
26 1823
33
50 5744 42 42
62 6452
42
Strongly Agree/Agree Neither Agree nor DisagreeStrongly Disagree/Disagree Don't Know/Refused
The Internet in my country should be more tightly regulated than it is now (%)
20
9.0
Perceptions of News Media
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 21
Those in Jordan and KSA mostly believe the quality of news reporting in the Arab World has improved over the past two years; those in Lebanon and Tunisia are less likely to agree.
Increase in Perceived Quality of News Reporting
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ39A. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use a scale of 1 to 5 where “1” means strongly disagree and “5” means strongly agree. Remember that you can choose any number between 1 and 5.
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
5 8 1 10 3 1 6 3 614 11
15
19
4 4
29 293
20 19 27
21
1711
21 21
22
61 62 56 50
76 84
44 4769
Strongly Agree/Agree Neither Agree nor DisagreeStrongly Disagree/Disagree Don't Know/Refused
The Quality of News Reporting in the Arab World Has Improved Over the Past Two Years (%)
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 22
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
4 6 2 5 4 1 4 1 4
22 16 18
33
7 8
40 44
7
2725 28
35
23 18
32 31
26
48 53 52
27
67 74
25 24
63
Strongly Agree/Agree Neither Agree nor DisagreeStrongly Disagree/Disagree Don't Know/Refused
Those in Jordan , KSA and UAE mostly feel news media in their country are credible; Respondents in Egypt, Lebanon and Tunisia find their news media far less credible.
Credibility of News Media
News Media in Your Country Are Credible (%)
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ39B. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use a scale of 1 to 5 where “1” means strongly disagree and “5” means strongly agree. Remember that you can choose any number between 1 and 5.
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 23
Average Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAE0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
7065
80
67
8377
6656
6774 73
8175 78 80
7263 67
5358 54
32
59
78
49
37
55
43
5951
17
37
63
34 32
52
Local News National News Regional News International News
People are most interested in local and national news. Those in the Gulf countries – Qatar, Bahrain, KSA and UAE – favor regional and international more than respondents in the other countries.
Local vs. International News
% Follow Very Closely/Closely
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ40. How closely would you say you follow each type of news and current events? 1=Not at all closely, 2=Somewhat closely, 3=Closely, 4=Very closely.
24
10.0
Top News Outlets
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 25
Top News OutletsBased on Top 3 Mentioned
BASE: ALL RESPONDENTSQ41. Please list your top three sources for news and current events (news organizations) and specify the type of media outlet that each source belongs to.
mosaique
MTV
Al Jadeed
JTV Satellite
LBC
MBC
Al Arabiya
AL Jazeera
5%
5%
6%
6%
6%
8%
8%
10%
16%
26%
Average of All Countries
Al Jazeera is the top news source in the region overall, but in varying level by country.
Qatar Bahrain Egypt Jordan Al Jazeera 38%Al Arabiya 12%BBC 6%The Times 5%AL Sharq 4%Google 4%Facebook 3%MBC 3%CNN 3%Al Rai 3%Geo news 3%
Google 26%Bangla News 21%Geography 19%Al Bahrain forum
12%Facebook 11%MBC 11%Al Watan 10%Al Wasseet 10%BBC 8%Twitter 8%Al Jazeera 4%
Al Hayat 23%Al Kanat Al Oula 23%CBC 21%Al Jazeera 20%Al Nahar 12%Al Fada'ia Al
Masria 10%Dream 10%Al Mihwar 9%Al Nile Lil Akhbar 8%Al Akhbar 4%
Al Jazeera 62%JTV Satellite 48%Al Arabiya 29%Al Haqiqah/
Al Dewaliah 26%Noor Al Ordon 23%MBC 10%Saraya 7%Jowssat 7%Al Rai 5%BBC 4%
KSA Lebanon Tunisia UAEAl Arabiya 46%Al Jazeera 41%MBC 21%Al Ikhbariah 10%Panorama 6%Al Riyadia 5%Al Sharq Al
Awsat 4%
mbc fm 4%BBC 4%Twitter 3%
LBC 55%Al Jadeed 44%MTV 38%OTV 13%Al Manar 11%Future TV 10%Al Jazeera 7%Al Nahar 5%assafir 3%Al Arabiya 3%
Facebook 52%shams fm 37%hanabel 33%jsc 30%al sareh 16%Sayidaty 14%nesma 12%rtci radio 9%Al Jazeera 9%Al Arabiya 9%
Al Jazeera 28%Gulf news 21%Al Arabiya 19%Google 17%MBC 11%Facebook 10% Al Khaleej 9%Al Itihad
Newspaper 8%
ZEE NEWS 8%Abu Dhabi 8%
26
10.0
Drilling Down: Exploring Qatar Data with an Interactive Site
Media Use in the Middle East:An Eight-Nation Survey
Northwestern University in Qatar
24 April 2013
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 28
Internet and interpersonal sources are of particular importance for news and current events among those from outside the region. Newspapers and radio tend not to be used for entertainment.
Importance of Media Sources for News & Entertainment - Qatar Only
News & Current Events Entertainment
BASE: ALL QATAR RESPONDENTSQ18. For news and current events, how important is each of the following to you as a source? Q19. For entertainment, how important is each of the following to you as a source? Use the following scale: 1=Not important at all, 2=Not important, 3=Neutral/Undecided, 4=Important, 5=Very Important.
TV Internet Newspapers Radio Interpersonal Sources% Very Important/Important
QatariNationals
Arab/AsianExpats
OtherExpats
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
56 6149
6572
81
4349 51
39 3929
58 5869
QatariNationals
Arab/AsianExpats
OtherExpats
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
5462 6871 76 77
27 293832 35 38
74 7279
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 29
Qatari Nationals Arab/Asian Expats Other Expats0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%87 90 8986 91 92
68 665964 61
67
33 31
4649 5264
Watch TV Use the internet Listen to radio Read newspapers Read magazines Read books
Media usage is fairly similar across ethnic groups in Qatar.– More expats from outside the region read newspapers and books.
Use of Media Sources – Qatar Only
BASE: ALL QATAR RESPONDENTSQ11. During a typical week, how many hours do you spend on the following activities not online? (Total minus ‘Do not spend time doing this activity/Don’t know/Refused’) Q14. Do you currently use the internet?
% Use Media Source
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 30
While Qatari Nationals access all media in Arabic, about half also watch TV and access the Internet in English.
Languages Used to Access Media - Qatar Only
% Language Used
Qatari National
Arab/Asian
Other0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 97
56
7
45 51
91
TV Internet
BASE: QATAR RESPONDENTS WHO USE MEDIA SOURCEQ21. Which languages do you use to access media?
Qatari National
Arab/Asian
Other
92
48
2
56
79
100
Qatari National
Arab/Asian
Other
97
53
311
50
92
Newspaper
Arabic English
ARAB MEDIA USAGE STUDY | APRIL 2013 31
Internet usage is higher among men and those who are younger (<45), more educated and employed.
Who Is Online in Qatar?
BASE: ALL QATAR RESPONDENTSQ14. Do you currently use the internet?
MenWomen
18-2425-3435-44
45+
Primary or lowerIntermediate
SecondaryUniversity or higher
94%83%
94%93%92%
74%
67%61%
88%93%
Qatari NationalArab/Asian Expat
Other Expat
ArabicEnglish
Top 50%Bottom 50%
EmployedNot Employed
StudentNon-Student
86%91%92%
92%89%
89%93%
94%78%
92%90%
Gender
Age
IncomeEducation
Nationality
Language
Work
Student