media production city alli abiodun ismail

1

University Of Garden City

Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning and Design

Fifth Year 2015-2016

Sudan Media Production City (SMPC)

A Design project Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, Urban

Design and planning as a partial fulfilment for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Submitted by:

ALLI ABIODUN ISMAIL

Supervised by:

DR.ENG AHMED ABDALLA

July 2016

2

Dedication

This thesis is dedicated to my father, who taught me that the best kind of

knowledge is that which is learned for its own sake. It is also dedicated to lovely

mother who taught me that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done

one step at a time.

3

Acknowledgement

I am grateful to Almighty Allah for the good health and wellbeing that were

necessary to complete my graduation project.

I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Ali madibo, head of the faculty for the advice

and encouragement

I place on record, my sincere thanks you to the Dean of the faculty, for the

continuous encouragement

I am also grateful to Dr. Engr. Ahmod Abdallah, I am extremely thankful and

indebted to him for sharing expertise, sincere and valuable guidance and encourage

extended to me

I take this opportunity to express gratitude to all lecturers in the faculty for their

help and support.

I am also grateful to my lovely wife zainab for her support financially and

emotionally towards the end of my study

I also place on record, my sense of gratitude to one and all, who directly and

indirectly have rendered their support to me throughout the period of my study.

4

Content page

s/n Description Page no.

Chapter

One

Introduction\ project vision\ Architectural and

Functional challenges

4-5

Chapter

Two

Literature review, related examples\ Space and

Functional studies

6-25

Chapter

Three

Final spatial, functional\ Architectural analysis\

Site selection and study

26-29

Chapter

Four

Design concept and development\ Final design

decisions\ Technical solutions

30-33

References

34

5

1.0 Chapter 1

1.1 Introduction

As the 2002 report by the United Nations has suggested, the Arab world – much like the

opening of the Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities – is full of contradictions. On the

Arabian Peninsula it is the best of times; it is the worst of times. It is the age of wisdom,

it is the age of foolishness … it is the spring of hope; it is the winter of despair. The

Dickens novel, which first appeared in 1859, is set during the darkest period of the

French Revolution and offers a mythic tale of good versus evil, during a time of intense

change. In Jordan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt these changes and

contradictions are obvious in everyday life, and especially in the media which reflects

that life. The architects of the future in these countries have decided that knowledge-

based industries based at media cities will propel their economies forward. Rising above

the Middle Eastern sands, governments have seeded media projects with cash and

concessions in Dubai Media City, Jordan Media City, and the Egyptian Media Production

City. The great hope is that these zones will drive the knowledge economy in their

respective countries by assembling a critical mass of talent, money, and technology, and

that these cities will act as magnets for human capital and cash. ” (UNDP Arab Human

Development Report 2002a, p. 118).

One such policy initiative that is gaining in popularity is the construction of so-called

‘media cities’. While the term ‘media city’ is relatively new (and perhaps slightly

popularist), they can be defined as large, planned, highly developed urban areas

designated specifically to concentrate media and creative industry production (in its

broadest sense). By concentrating media and creative industry activity to relatively small

urban locales, these media cities are acting as global media hubs that are attempting to

create a knowledge-led ‘buzz’ that helps to develop and foster creative industry activity.

The term ‘media city’ though has been subject to evolution. Krätke (2003: 605, added

emphasis) in attempting to define ‘media cities’ suggests that;

“‘media city’ is a term currently used to describe cultural and media centres operating at

very different geographical levels. They range from small-scale local urban clusters in the

media industry to the cultural metropolises of the global urban and regional system”

1.2 Project vision

To generate income and to create jobs for the teaming masses in Sudan

To improve the level of Information Communication Service (ICT) services in Sudan

To ensure the growth of Sudan economy

6

To ensure freedom of speech within the media company

Provide television production of a competitive nature.

Achieve 3,500 hours of indoor studio production 5,000 hours of programmes and outdoor

production.

Provide miscellaneous production including drama, cultural, educational features, and

children programmes to meet local and foreign market requirements.

Provide film production, with a basic capacity of 100 long films per year.

Use the MPC as a tourist attraction for interested citizens and tourists alike.

Utilize on an economic basis, training centre surplus production on both domestic and

external levels.

Use the MPC surplus hotel capacity for providing accommodation services to visitors and

tourists, as well as artists, agents and other members of the public, dealing with MPC.

1.3 Architectural and Functional Challenges

Bulkiness of the building form and how to make best aesthetic out from it by playing

with form shape

Use of appropriate form shape to provide adequate for studio and laboratories to allow

comfortable, pleasing, efficient and sustainable working environment.

The connection of building with an active axis to prevent the building from being scatter

from each other and make it one

The use of same treatment to all building to make unity in the general design.

7

2.0 Chapter 2

2.1 The three media cities

All three projects resulted from direct government policy or action. Jordan Media City (JMC)

and Egyptian Media Production City (EMPC) are national projects that are public/private

partnerships. Dubai Media, while reflecting the technological priorities of the national

government, is the product of one emirate and one visionary.

2.1-1 Jordan media city (JMC)

• Jordan was the first nation in the region to raise the idea of creating a media free zone

• JMC was built in 1978 on about 18,000 square meters of government-owned land near

the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation in the central east of the capital, Amman.

• It is a 45-minute drive to the airport.

• Began operating there in 1982 but folded nine cash-starved years later.

• The facility was mothballed until 2001 when a Saudi businessman, Sheikh Saleh Kamel

who owns the Dallah Media Production Company, provided the funds for a technology

overhaul and a cash infusion for uplink equipment, encoders, and multiplexers (high

speed data links). (Sullivan, 2001a).

2.1-2 Dubai media city (DMC)

• Rises from whitish sand dunes about 20 kilometers south of Dubai’s central business

district.

• The first phase of DMC occupies about 33,000 square meters, but the site is scheduled

for significant development in the immediate future.

• Sheik Zayed Road links DMC to Dubai and the airport, the trip can be up to an hour’s

drive (or more) from the airport.

• It opened officially in January 2001 and took only a year to build. Initial cost of the

project has been estimated at between $700 million and almost $1 billion (Schleifer,

2000; Sirri, 2003, p. 2).

8

2.1-3 EGYPTIAN MEDIA PRODUCTION CITY (EMPC)

• Built in the shadows of the pyramids, is about 30 kilometers west of Cairo and 10

kilometers from the Giza pyramids in 6th of October City

• EMPC is more than an hour’s drive from Cairo and a 90-minute drive to the airport

(Shahawi, n.d., p. 1).

• The site opened officially in June 2002 but work started a decade earlier. Money has been

a constant problem.

• EMPC’s physical plant has cost about $400 million and a further $89 million has been

spent to equip the fully digital studios.

• Egyptian Radio and Television Union (ERTU) donated the land, which measured about 2

million square meters of studios and buildings as of January 2003.

• EMPC is bigger than the other two media cities combined because it has 18 studios (29

were originally planned).

• Ten of the 18 are outside shooting areas, which occupy most of this land.

• The EMPC is third largest production facility in the world after Hollywood and India.

2.1-3.1 Types of buildings in EMPC: Studios Complex

Open-air shooting areas

Covered Theatre Hall

Open-air Theatres

Services Complex

Film Laboratory

Hotel

Training centre

Staff Club

2.2 The Decline of Offshore Media and the Rise of the Media

City

A significant development in Arab media during the 1990s was the ‘growth of

newspapers and broadcasting stations that have their main editorial offices outside of the

Arab world [Rugh 2004: 167].

Arab publishers that aimed to attract readers from all over the Arab world took refuge in

Europe from their politically-unstable regions and authoritarian regimes oppressive to

freedom of speech.

They published papers in Arabic, the lingua franca, which disseminated their thoughts to

the Arab world.

Media headquartered outside the Arab world, mainly in Europe, were named ‘offshore

media.

9

By the mid-1990s, those Europebased media companies came to occupy a considerable

presence in both the print and broadcast media [Sakr 2001; Rugh 2004; Rinnawi 2006;

Lynch 2006; Kraidy and Khalil 2009].

The locale of Arab media discourse was geographically divided between Europe and the

Arab world, and the extent of freedom-of-speech available to private Europe-based media

over national Arab-based media had been expanded.

However, during the 2000s, many Europe-based Arab media companies, particularly

satellite channels, moved their headquarters to the Arab world and began operating there.

[Jarrah 2008]

`

2.3 Related Examples

10

Fig (2-1). Master Part plan of Dubai media city source: (2daydubai.com)

Fig (2-2) Views of the Dubai media city source: (uaeinteract.com)

Studio

complex

block

11

Fig (2-3). Top view of Dubia media city.

Source: (www1.american.edu/carmel/jp2450a/Images/aerial_view5%5B1%5D.JPG)

The use of regular shapes (rectangular shapes) to suite the

functional

Requirement of the project.

12

Fig (2-4) view of Dubai Media city source:(tecomgroup.ae/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Dubai-Media-City-5.jpg)

Bulkiness of building form

13

Fig (2-5) view of media studio complex source: (tecomgroup.ae/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Dubai-Media-

City-6.jpg)

Fig (2-6)Egyptian media production city-studio source:(empc.org.eg/wordpress)

14

Fig(2-7) EPMC Training center source: (empc.org.eg/acadmy-post)

Fig (2-8) EMPC hotel view source: (movenpick.com)

15

2.4 Project component

Journalism production

Radio production

Tv production

Internet production

Media training

Logistic and facilities

Fig (2-9) project component

Journalism

- Web design

- Web Development

- Journalistic Arts Program

- Journalistic Editing

- Newspapers & Magazines’ Layout & Design

- Leaflets Design

- News Archives

SMPC COMPONENT

JOURNALISM

PRODUCTION

RADIO

PRODUCTION

TV

PRODUCTION

Services MEDIA

Training

LOGISTIC &

FACILITIES

16

Radio production

- News broadcasting

- Live stream

- Hiring of studio

TV production

- Production of documentary films

- TV Production

- TV dubbing

- Audio/Video Production

- Muti-Media Production

- Hiring the TV studio for talk show programs

- Hiring TV Editing Units

Logistic and facilities

- Hotels

Media training

- Training Programs in TV Arts

- TV Programming

- TV Shooting and Lighting

- TV Editing

- Video Editing

- Anchor’s Radio & TV Skills

- TV Directing

- iNews

- Media governing bodies

Entertainment

Staffs club

Open theatre

17

2.5 Types of sets and buildings in the proposed city

The city will consist the following set of buildings:

Media publishing complex

Television broadcasting corporation

Radio station

Open-air Theatres: serve summer variety / musical / show performances and lyric

concerts for television production purposes which will accommodates 1,500 persons.

Film Laboratory: Provides film processing services for 16 mm and 35 mm films. Colour

correction, editing (montage), final sound recording and dubbing and final version

printing are also provided.

Hotel: contains 210 rooms, in addition to all other amenities, offering a high-quality, 4-

star hotel service.

Training centre: contains all facilities necessary to train 3,000 persons per year.

Staff Club: Provides social and sporting activities to the project staff as well as staff

members of the Radio and Television Union.

2.6 Space studies

2.6-1 TV broadcasting building.

Name of space level Area of

Space

(m2)

Unit Total Area of

space(m2)

Multipurpose

studio

Ground floor 477.40 1 477.40

Talk studios Ground floor 120.00

80.00

2 300.00

Gramophone

Effect Studios

Ground+1st+2nd

floor

220.00

188.80

1

2

597.60

News studios 1st+2nd+3rd+4th

floor

235.00

80.00

2

2

630.00

Religious

studios

1st +4th floor 120.00 2 240.00

18

Military band

studios

1st+2nd+3rd+4th

floor

120.00

250.00

2

2

740.00

Master control

room

2nd floor 96 1 96.00

Dance band

studio

2nd +3rd floor 385.00 2 770.00

Production

studio

1st+2nd+3rd+4th

floor

478.00 4 1912.00

Library talk

studio

2nd +4th floor 220.00

120.00

2

1

340.00

Control rooms Ground+1st+ 4th

floor

55.60 3 166.80

Sales Ground floor 39.80 1 39.80

Crews room Ground+

1st+2nd+4th floor

51.20

37.50

2

2

177.40

Rest room 1st-4th floor 53.00 4 212.00

Conference

room

2nd+3rd floor 55.60 2 111.20

Study room 2nd floor 39.80 1 39.80

Coffee lounge 2nd floor 51.20 1 51.20

Rehearsal

room

3rd floor 39.80 1 39.80

Program

producer

3rd +4th floor 43.80

39.80

1

1

83.60

Operation 1st+3rd+4th 40.00

51.20

2

1

131.20

Concert hall 5th floor 750 1 750.00

Total 7905.80 Table (2-1): TV broadcasting building

Source: metric handbook planning & design

data 32\-1, 2 and Author

2.6-2 Radio station

Name of

space

level Area of

Space

(m2)

Unit Total Area

of space(m2)

Sound studio Ground

floor

130.00 1 130.00

Control room Ground

floor

72.00 1 72.00

Conference

room

Ground+

2nd +3rd

floor

56.00

103.50

80.00

1

1

1

239.00

Effect studio 1st+2nd+3rd

floor

112.00 3 336.00

19

Drama studio 1st floor 341.00 1 341.00

News room 1st+2nd+3rd

floor

200.00

112.00

3

1

712.00

Study room 1st floor 88.00 1 88.00

Reporter's

room

Ground+

1st floor

103.50 2 207.00

Rehearsal room Ground

floor

56.00 1 56.00

I news 2nd floor 200.00 1 200.00

Advertisement

studios

2nd floor 88.00 1 88.00

Concert hall Ground

+3rd floor

410.00

960.00

1

1

1370.00

Technical Dept. 3rd floor 88.00 1 88.00

Library 3rd floor 112.00 1 112.00

Guest room Ground

floor

88.00 1 88.00

Rest rooms 1st+2nd

+3rd floor

31.70 3 95.10

Operation 2nd floor 106.00 1 106.00

Total 1817.10 Table (2-2) Radio station

Source: Time-saver standard for building

type p.g868 and Author

2.6-3 Journalism publishing building

Name of

space

Unit Level Area of

Space

(m2)

Total

Area of

space(m2) Publishing

lab

1 Ground floor 291.00 291.00

Revision

room

1 Ground

floor

70.00 70.00

Catalog and

labelling

1 Ground floor 276.00 276.00

20

Marketing 1 Ground floor 109.00 109.00

Accounting 1 Ground floor 26.70 26.70

Leaflet

editor

1 Ground floor 26.70 26.70

Director 1 66.70 66.70

Editing

studio


Journalism

art program

studio

1 First floor 246.50 246.50

Leaflet

design

1 First floor 60.60 60.60

Web design

lab


Magazine

input

&design


Meeting

room

2 First floor &

second floor

48.00 96.00

Internet

production

2 First floor &

second floor

60.60 121.20

News

archive

2 First floor &

second floor

60.60 121.20

Coffee

lounge

1 second floor 41.00 41.00

Web

development

lab

1 second floor 215.00 215.00

Conference

room

1 Third floor 60.60 60.60

Store 2 Third floor 38.00 76.00

Rest room 2 Third floor 48.00 96.00

Control

room

2 Second &

third floor

41.00 82.00

Total 2326.80 Table (2-3): Journalism publishing building

Source: Author

2.6-4 Media training college

Name of

space

Unit Level Area of

Space

(m2)

Total Area of

space(m2)

Lecture room 10 Ground+1st+2nd+ 120 1200

21

for 72 students floor

Lecture room

for 56 students

3 Ground+1st+2nd+

floor

96 288

Lecture room

for 45 students

1 1st floor 84 84

Sound Studio 1 Ground+1stfloor 201 201

Staffs room 3 Ground+1st+2nd+

floor

80 240

Permanent

secretary


Secretary to

provost

1 1stfloor 41.5 41.5

P.R.O 2 Ground +2nd floor 38 76

Students Affair

Dean


Bursary 1 Ground floor 58.8 58.8

Registrar 1 Ground floor 54 54

Provost 1 1st floor 44 44

Liberian 1 1st floor 50 50

Technician Ground floor 48 48

Artesian 1 3rd floor 50 50

Non-teaching

staff office

1 1st floor 59 59

Maintenance 1 3rd floor 44 44

Senate 1 84 84

School officer1 1 2nd floor 43 43

School officer2 1 2nd floor 44 44

Student board

director

1 3rd floor 44 33

Practice studio 1 2nd floor 220 220

Control rooms 2 1st +2nd floor 59 118

Store 1 3rd floor 110 110

Conference

room

1 2nd floor 59 59

Meeting room 1 3rd floor 59 59

Exam room 1 2nd floor 110 110

ICT room 1 3rd floor 84 84

Clinic 1 2nd floor 94 94

Library 1 2nd floor 273 273

Cafeteria 1 1st floor 400 400

Indoor games 1 1st floor 516 516

Total - - - 4882.4 Table (2-4): Media training college

Source: Time-saver standard for Building

type pg233 and Author

22

2.6-5 Staff club

Name of

space

Unit Level Area of Space

(m2)

Total Area of

space(m2) Library 1 Ground floor 572.00 572.00

Party hall 1 Ground floor 865.00 865.00

Children play

area

1 Ground floor 144.00 144.00

Coffee lounge 1 Ground floor 124.00 124.00

Club admin 1 Ground floor 44.00 44.00

Conference

room

1 Ground floor 158.00 158.00

Indoor game 1 1st floor 865.00 865.00

Gym 1 1st floor 553.00 553.00

Aerobic 1 1st floor 276.00 276.00

Home theatre 1 1st floor 154.60 154.60

Bar 1 1st floor 113.00 113.00

Sauna 1 1st floor 12.00 12.00

Steam 1 1st floor 16.80 16.80

Changing room 2 1st floor 6.00 12.00

Exhibition 1 1st floor 546.00 546.00

Female lounge 1 2nd floor 154.00 154.00

Restaurant

semi-closed

sitting

1 2nd floor 319.80 319.80

Restaurant

closed space

sitting

1 2nd floor 154.60 154.60

Store 1 2nd floor 21.600 21.60

Indoor sport 1 2nd floor 1034.80 1034.80

Kitchen 1 2nd floor 9.00 9.00

Service 1 Ground+1st+2nd

floor

34.4 103.2

Total 6251.80 Table (2-5) Staffs club

Source: Author

2.6-6 Hotel

Name of

space

Units Level Area of

Space

Total Area of

space(m2)

23

(m2) Visitor room 1 Ground floor 162.90 162.90

Café 1 Ground floor 89.50 89.50

Café kitchen 1 Ground floor 15.00 15.00

Rest rooms 3 Ground +5th+6th floor 30.00 30.00

Luggage

storage

1 Ground floor 120.00 120.00

Manager office 1 Ground floor 84.00 84.00

Print market 1 Ground floor 171.10 171.10

Gym 1 Ground floor 230.00 230.00

Restaurant 1 Ground floor 430.00 430.00

Restaurant

Kitchen


Kitchen store 1 Ground floor 60.00 60.00

Hypermarket 1 Ground floor 950.00 950.00

Currency

exchange


Travel desk 1 Ground floor 29.50 29.50

Telecom office 2 Ground floor 12.00 12.00

Standard

room(type A)

50 1st-10th floor 26.00 1300.00

Standard

room(type B)

90 1st-10th floor 30.00 2700.00

Standard

room(type C)

30 1st-10th floor 34.00 1020.00

Standard

room(type D)

10 1st-10th floor 40.00 400.00

Deluxe rooms 30 1st-10th floor 48.00 1440.00

Services room 12 1st-10th floor 34.80 417.60

Luxury

room(type A)

5 1st+2nd+3rd floor 124.00 620.00

Luxury

room(type B)

2 1st+2nd floor 109.00 218.00

Executive 4 1st+2nd+3rd+4thfloor 58.00 232.00

Main laundry 1 1st floor 64.00 64.00

Meeting room

(type A)

9 2nd-10th floor 64.00 576.00

Meeting

room(type B)

4 7th-10th floor 37.00 148.00

Conference

room

2 5th+6th floor 122.00 122.00

Main kitchen 1 Sub-basement 100.00 100.00

Food store 1 Sub-basement 100.00 100.00

Main store 1 Sub-basement 172.00 172.00

Sub-basement 1 Sub-basement 2765.60 2765.60

24

parking

TOTAL 13605.20 Table (2-6): Hotel

Source: metric handbook planning & design

data 11-5 and Author

2.6-6 Amphitheatre

Name of

spaces

Unit Level Area of Space

(m2)

Total Area of

space(m2) Stage 1 Ground floor 735.20 735.20

Back stage 1 Ground floor 66.00 66.00

Changing

rooms


Artist room 1 Ground floor 16.00 16.00

Sound and light

control unit


Toilets 4 Ground floor 3.00 12.00

Auditorium 1 Ground floor 4000.00 4000.00

Total 4893.20 Table (2-7): Amphitheatre

Source: Time-saver standard for building

types pg377-8 and Author

2.6-7 Main restaurant

Name of spaces Human

space(m2)

No. of users Area of Space

(m2)

Total Area of

space(m2)

Eating hall 1.80 900 1694.00 1694.00 Table (2-8): main restaurant

Source: Author

2.6-8 Printing lab

Name of spaces Unit Level Area of Space

(m2)

Total Area of

space(m2)

Laboratory 1 1st floor 687.00 687.00

Dark room 1 1st floor 629.00 629.00

Total - - - 1316.00 Table (2-9): Printing lab

Source: Author

25

Total built space of TV broadcasting building=7905.80 m2

Total built space of Radio station=1817.10 m2

Total built space of Journalism publishing building=2326.80 m2

Total built space for media Training college=4882.40 m2

Total built space of Staffs club=6251.80 m2

Total built space of Hotel =13605.20 m2

Total built space of Amphitheatre= 4893.20 m2

Total built space of Main restaurant=1694.00 m2

Total built space of Printing lab=1316.00 m2

Total built spaces of the project=44691.9 m2

26

2.7 Functional Relationship Diagram

Fig (10) functional relationship diagram

Key plan

Weak

Less weak

Strong

LOGISTIC AND

FACILITIES

TV

PRODUCTION

RADIO

PRODUCTION

JOURNALISM

PRODUCTION

PLAZA

Services

MEDDIA

TRAINING

27

3.0 Chapter 3

3.1 Site location:-

Figure (3-1): site location- Google earth image

Figure (3-2): site location- google image

Figure (3-3) proposed site- Google earth image

28

3.2 Site Selection:-

1- Functional Performance:-

a. Compatibility with the schematic guidance for the city.

b. Providing suitable sufficient areas for the required spaces.

2- Accessibility:-

a. The site is link with two main road running through north and one sub-road running

through the east-west of the site.

3- Economical:-

a. Availability of some raw material needed in the process of construction.

4- Environmental:-

-Appropriate topography and climate condition

5- Socially:-

a. Having tourism attraction characteristics

6- Esthetically:-

a. It will stand as landmark for the region.

b. Create a good view for the region

7- Security:-

a. Taking into account the building codes.

o The proposed site:-

Omdruman north , Omdruman, Sudan.

29

3.3 The site description:-

- The site is surrounded by 2 main roads, 30m width in south- north direction of the site

- The Site has total area of 120000 m2.

3.4 Environment analysis

Empty land 2.7 Site layout

266.50m

450m

m

Empty land khartoum

The site

120000m.sq

WIND

DIRECTION

WIND

DIRECTION

SUNRISE

SUNSET

N

30

3.5 ZONING IN SITE

JOUNALISM

PUBLISHING

RADIO

STATION

HOTEL

STAFFS

CLUB

MEDIA

TRAINING

COLEGE

TV

BROADCASTIN

G

COOPORATIN

G

AMPHITHEATR

E

PLAZA

PLAZA

PLAZA

31

4.0 Chapter 4

4.1 CONCEPT

The concept was derived from video tape cassette

Figure (4-1): Design concept

Source: author

Second step third step

Final design

Figure (4.2): final design- source: Author (from design)

32

4.2 Technical solution

Figure (4.3-1): Studio -

Source: Author (from design)

a. studio installation

-I used crane beam which is attached horizontally to the slab and vertically to the wall.

-I semi- wooden door to avoid sound escape

Figure (4.3-2): A/C & Lighting-


4.2-1 Air conditioning system

33

a. I used water chiller A/c system.

Figure (4.3-3): final design-

source: Author (from design)

b. I put it on the ground level because of its heavy weight which my slab (corregative slab)

cannot bear.

4.3 Surface Drainage &Sewage system

-Surface drainage slope is 1:300

-The slope of roof building is 1:100

34

Fig (4-4): Surface Drainage & Sewerage

system


35

References

Joseph De Chiara & John Callender: Time-saver standard for building types, second

Edition

Ernst and Peter Neufert: Architect's data, third edition.

David Littlefield: Metric handbook – planning and design data, Third edition.

Chiba Yushi 2012: The Geographical Transformation of Arab Media, Asian and African

Area Studies, 12 (1): 79-103, 2012.

Stephen Quinn, PhD et el(2010): a tale of three(media) cities.

Al Bakry, A. (2001). “Media told to exercise freedom” in Gulf News 24, October 2001, 3.

Anonymous. (2002b). Untitled press release at Dubai Internet City web site, 9 February

2002. Found at http://www.dubaiinternetcity.com/news /newsdetail.asp? newsid=142

&mcode=54&level=1.

Dubai Investment and Development Authority. (2002). Dubai Media City.

http://www.ddia.ae/technology.asp.

Websites: - 2daydubai.com

- uaeinteract.com

- www1.american.edu/carmel/jp2450a/Images/aerial_view5%5B1%5D.JPG

- tecomgroup.ae/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Dubai-Media-City-5.jpg

- tecomgroup.ae/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Dubai-Media-City-6.jpg

- empc.org.eg/wordpress

- empc.org.eg/acadmy-post

- movenpick.com

- www.worldaircond.com

http://www.ddia.ae/technology.asp