MECHANISMS OF AGING

Theory Principles

DNA & Genetic TheoryAging is predetermined by genetic programming.

Neuroendocrine TheoryLoss of hypothalamic regulation and cell sensitivity to hormones.

Free Radical TheoryCellular damage by production of metabolic free radicals.

Membrane TheoryDecline in cell efficiency via loss of lipid in cell membrane.

Hayflick Limit Theory Limitation of cell division.

Mitochondial Decline Theory Dysfunction of mitochondria in cells.

Cross-Linking TheoryImpairment of protein functions via glycosylation.

AGED-RELATED DISEASES

Parkinson’s Disease

Alzheimer’sDisease

EndogenousDepression

Stroke

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

THE PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Amyloid Plaques

Neurofibrillary Tangles

FORMATION OF BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUE

FORMATION OF NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE

THE CHANGING BRAIN IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Pre-clinical AD Mild AD Severe AD

Normal AD

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

THE PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARK OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Lewy bodies

FORMATION OF LEWY BODIES

-SYNUCLEIN DEPOSITION MITOCHONDRION DYSFUNCTION

THE CHANGING BRAIN IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

OTHER AGE-RELATED DISEASES

Stroke Depression