mechanism-based thinking on policy diffusion. a review of current approaches in political science

7/27/2019 Mechanism-Based Thinking on Policy Diffusion. A Review of Current Approaches in Political Science

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Mechanism-Based Thinking on PolicyDiffusionA R v w C t A PS

T H z

N . 34 | D 2011

W O R K I N G PA P E R


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 34 | December 2011

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T T P E

T KFG W P S v t t t t t K -F t v t . It t x w t t t x t xt E t E U .

A KFG W P v t KFG w t t www.t . t v t t - @ - . .

C t t : T H zE t t : A B D M

H z , T 2011: M -B T P D . A R v w C t A PS , KFG W P S , N . 34, D 2011, K -F (KFG) T T vP w E , F U v tt B .

ISSN 1868-6834 (P t)

ISSN 1868-7601 (I t t)

T t G R F (DFG).

F U v tt B

K -F

T T v P w E :

T E U t D I

I t . 26

14195 B

G

P : +49 (0)30- 838 57033

F x: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

t - @ - .

www.t .


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Mechanism-Based Thinking on Policy Diffusion | 3

Mechanism-Based Thinking on Policy Diffusion

A Review of Current Approaches in Political Science

Torben Heinze

Abstract

D t t t w t w t t

t , x t w t t v

z t t t . A t, v

t t t w t v t

t t t . A t t ,

t v w t t t . D

t tw t t t t t -

v . F t, x t t t t

, t t t v t v t t t

t t v t t - v t . S ,

t t t t t t t t t t

- . F w t , -

t : , z , , xt .

T A

Torben Heinze R A t t t C t E I t

t t F U v tt B . H D P S t F U v tt B . H t P S , E ,

S t C -A t -U v tt z K , U v t B ,

U v t L v , F U v tt B . H w

t t t U v t C t w E F w t t

C E U C t Ex t t U v t C

t B . H t t t I t D

C v N P , H E P R

M t .

C t t: t . z @ - .


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C

1. I 5

2. D I M -B T 7

P D

2.1 Construc vist and Ra onalist Thinking 9

2.2 Explana ons Based on Changes in Structures and/or Agency 10

2.3 Four Concepts of Di usion Mechanisms 11

3. P P D 14

3.1 Conceptualizing Learning 14

3.2 Conceptualizing Externali es 17

3.3 Conceptualizing Socializa on 19

3.4 Conceptualizing Emula on 21

4. C R 23

L 27


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1. I

A w t t t t w t t t t tw t 1

t . M , t tt t t t v

t ( . E /S 2005; F z /H 2008; G t . 2008; H z t . 2007;

M /G 2005; S t . 2007).

C t t , , , z -

( . G t . 2008). 2 T q [ ] v t t t

t t t v (M tz 2004: 241). T

t t w , t t

(t t v ) t (t t v ), t t v t

t. I t t z t t v , t j t

t w - t t t t (E /S

2005).

H , t t t w

t t t t t - t (St

1991: 325). T t t t , 3 -

t v , t w - x t w . T

t t t t , t t t v t w t t

t w t t .

D t t t w t w t t

t ( . H w /R 2008), x t w t t -

t v t t ( x B /W t 2004; D /

G 2005; D t . 2007; S /V 2008). A t,

v t t t w

t v t . T t t w t t

t t ( ) t ( . F /W t 2002; R 2003),

1 Ot t t v t - v t ( x twt z t t tw - ) t - t t -

( . B 2008). T t t v t .

2 It t w w t v t . S t -t v t t t w t t t t - v t .

3 M t t t t t tw t t t vt t ( x t t t t

). T t t t z t t t -

t tw ( . G z -B2011).


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t t t ( . B /G 2006; M /G 2005).

A t t , t t xt t t w -

t .

S v t x - t

t x t t . S t t t . T

t t t t t t t t t

t t . A q , t w

t ( . G t . 2008), t t v v

(M /G 2009). H w v , t z t t t t t

t t v ( ) t t

q ( . E /S 2005: 38; G 1999) t v t

t t .

Ex w t t x t t ( ) ( -) q -

t ( . B /G 2006; M 2001) t

t t z t z -

v t ( x F z /H 2008; V t . 2008).

A t t w t t x v t -

t t x t t v t t w t ( x B /

G 2006).

I , - t t

v . M , t t t q t x t

t t ( . V 2006). A t t xt t t -

t t v t ( . F /L 2009), t

v .

C q t , t t j v t t t v w t t

t . R t x t-

t w t t t t t E z ,

t , v , , ( . M /S 2009), 4 I t t t t t t v t .

L , - t t tw t t t

t t v . F t, x t

t t t w t v v t v ? A

t t t t t t -

v t t - v t . S , t t

t t . W v t t t

t , t t t t t - .

4 T v , t t t t t - v .


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F w t , t t t t t

t: , , z , xt . W z v-

t t t , xt t

t t t t x . A t v t - w t t t . 5

T w : F t, t z , , t w t

- t t . D t t , t -

v t t x t t v tw t v -

t . T t t t , t w t

t . F t , t t w t t t t t t t z -

t v , t w - t t t . R t

t t t , t t t t

t . I , t t w t

t w t z t t v

t (w t v ) v ( x S- ) ( . R 2003). S ,

t z . T w t t

t . F , t

t w .

2. D I M -B T P D

O w t t (t ) v , w

z t t

t t t t t t z

t ( . R 2003; St /S 1998). Ov , t -

t , t , t .

A t, t z t t t -

( . G t . 2008). A v t x t t ( x E /S 2005), t - t t

t t t t ( . B /G 2006). F t

t v w, t t t w t t t

t v v w w .

M - t x t w t t t

t t t v t (G t .

2008: 28; G 2007). F t t v w, t t t q w

5 P v t w t t . W - w , t t , t t t

v v .


8/33


t t t w t v t w t

( w t ) ( x J t . 2011; R 2003). M

, x t t t v t t -

. F t , t t t t t v t tw t . T - ( . C 1990).

T t t t , t t t v t t t t - v

v , 6 t w t t t t

v v . F t t v w, v t t

t t t t v ( x t - - v ) ( . K 2006)

t t ( . K t . 1994). 7

H w v , t q w t t t t w . S w

x t t t t t t v t

t t t t ( . E /S 2005). R v w -

- t t w t , v t

. F w t t t -

, x t t t t tw q ( . 1).

F 1: A V D P D M

S : w t

6 O t - v - v v .7 T t t t t - t . F

v w - t G (2010).


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2.1 Construc vist and Ra onalist Thinking

F t, , w t v t t t t w . W t t

t ? A , t w t t q w t vv t v . R t tw t t v t t , 8 x t-

t t t t . A t

t t t t t v v ,

v . W t t t t , t t , , t t

t t t t t t x t , v , - v v . T

t t t M O t

, t t q t t (M /O

1989; B z /R 2003).

F w t , t t t - x z v t t - -

t t . U , t v x t t t . T

t x v ( . F /W t 2002: 62 ). It v , ,

t t t t t , t t v t . A t v

t t t t t t t ( ), t v

t w t x t t t t w v . T t

t t , t t t x t q t . T t t

t t t w t - t t, t t t t t

v t t x t t x z .

Y t, t t t t t . D

t t v t t t t t t v

- , t t t w t t t

v . 9 T , t t t t t q t , t t

t t t t t t ( . S 2002; Sj 1993). 10

8 I t t t x v - t t v( . F /W t 2002).

9 I t , t ( . . R 2000). A M O t v t t t (1989; 1998), I w t w t t . E t (F /S 1998),

w t t t .

10 A t, t t v t t t t t t t -t v . I t v t t , t q t t t w

t . A t w t t v t t t tt t . F t t v w, I v t M O t q - w t t v t w xt t t v t w ( . S 2002: 454).


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2.2 Explana ons Based on Changes in Structures and/or Agency

S , t t t t ( . B /

G 2006; S 2007; S /E 2004). A t w t

t t - , t t t v t t t t t t t . T t t v t t t w v t

x . 11 H w v , w t t t t -

v t ? R w t v t w v / t t t , -

t t t t t q t ( t ) 12 j t

t t t q w t t t,

, ( . F /W t 2002: 55; S 2001).

W v t t t , t t t t -

t t t - . B t t t t

t v . I t w , - t t t t

w t t . I t / t t t -

t t t t t t - ? I

t , t t q t

t t t v - , w t t

t t t t t t t t - .

I t , t t t q t v . T

t t q t , t v t v w t t - t t;

t , t v t w t t t v . T

v v t t t t t

( . G t /K 1993; S t 2008). A t v t t

v v t . S v t

v . F x , w t t t t t

t w t (R 1991). A t

t v t

q .

D t t t - t - - ( . B /G 2006; S 2007; S /E 2004). I t

t w t t ? I t t t x z t t -

t w t , t t w t t w t t t . P

t t t t t w t . P

t x t t w , t z t t . S , t

t t t t v t t ( x v t

). Y t, w .

11 I t w t t - v . A , t t v t t t w. T x t v t

t t t t.

12 S t v t t t t t t - v v ( . t t t ).


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I v , t v t t t t t. A

, t t t t w t t t

t v . H w v , w t t t t ? L t t

, t v t v w t t v t t

t w t q . B , t t t w t t . W t I v w t ( -) t t ? F t , w t t

t t t ? C q t ,

t t t t v v (S t 2008)

(G t /K 1993). R w t t t t t .

H w I v t t t t t I t ? F x , t

j t t t v (F /S 1998: 895). D t t z

v , t t t v t

t w t t ( . A 2001; C 2005). T t t

z .

Y t, t t t t t - .

F t , t t t t v t t w

t t t t ( .

F 1996). I t w , t t t v v t v

t t t t t w t t t t . W

w ? W t v t ? T t t t

j t t t w t t t v

t z w t v /

t t ( . S 2008). R t t t t t ,

w t t t t t.

2.3 Four Concepts of Di usion Mechanisms

B t t t t t w . R t t v t t t

v . F x , t w tw v t t

t t t t w t t v t t t t t ( . F /W t 2002; K tz/L 2006). C w t t t

t t t t t t x t t ( . B /G 2006) t t t

t . 13 S , t t t t

t t v t t , t ( x -

). A t t t v t t x t t x z .

H w v , t t w t t v t t . F t , t t t -

z w t v t t t t v ( . C 2005).

O t w t

13 Ex t w v t t Ex t w v t t.


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v , t t t t w t t t -

v . V v , w t t x -

t t t t t z t

( . H 1993).

H , t tw t v t t t t . I

, t t t v v t t t . C q t ,

t : , z , , xt -

( . t 1). L t t t t w v t x

w v . T t t v t v -

t v , t t t t x t v t v

w . I t , t w t t w

t v t . I v , z t t t t z

t t t t . I t , t z t

v t t t t t

t w t t z t .

Ext t t z ( v v ) v

t t , t v t w

t t- t t t t t t t t

t t ( x t t - ). B t t

v t t t w . A t

t t t t t . I v , t

( ) t t t t w . H , t

w t t . U , t t

t t t tw t

t t t .


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T 1: I T P D M

S : Ow t t

T t t t x t w t t

t ( . 1). C t w

t v t t . H w v , t t t t t t t t t

t t z t . F x , t

v v t t t t t t

v t t z ( . R 1996).

N w, t t t t t t t t t v t t t t

t t . F t t v w, t t t t t t z

. Y t, , t t t t t z . O t t , t t t t t t t t t

t t ( . C 2005). C q t , t t t t t t -

x t t t t t .

H w v , t t w v t t t t . H t t t t t

t t t t t t t t t v

( t t t t ). T t , t

v t t t t t t t . T

t t t t w , t -

( ) t t t t tw

t t .


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3. P P D

It t t t t t t -

t t tw t t t (E /S2005: 38). Y t, t t v v t , t

t t t tw t . C q t ,

t t t t t t v t t 14

t t z t t t v .

T w t z w t t

t t t t t t , t t v

t , t x t t t t . I , t

w t t t t t t tw t t

t v .

A t, t t t v t x t t t -

. I t , t t t w t

x . R v w t v t t t , t w t t

t t t v t t t t t -

, z t E z v (

x M t 2005). T , t w w t

v .

3.1 Conceptualizing Learning

P t t t w v t z x

xt t t v . T t t v t

v t v , t t t t x t v -

t v w . R t t t - t ,

t t t w v t t t t t -v . A t t v t

t w (R 1991), B U (M 2003), t

v (W 2007).

St t t t t ( . E /S

2005; M /G 2009; M 2001). A v t v v ,

t t t t t ( . D w tz/M 2000; E /S 2005; R

1991: 22). F t , t t t w t q

14 F t v w, t j t t t t z t t t t x t t t t .


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t t t - . D t w t t v -

? O t t t ( x , t t

t t) (M 2005: 77)?

S , x v t t t t v t t t t v w t

t t t ( x E t . 2006; M 2006;

S /E 2004).. E t t z v

w . O z t I t M t F (IMF) t O z E C -

D v t (OECD) q t v t t , v w , t

w t w t t t t t -

( . S 2006).

A t , v t x t t t t t

t t ( t ).I t 1990 , x , D t

N t w q t t w t v v t

t (B /G 1999). H w v , L St (2006) w M (2001) w t t

w t w t v x t . S

t t w w t t t v t K - v

v z t t ( . M 2005). F t , t-t

t t t t - ( . W 2007) v t

w w t- t q w t t v -

t .

S t t , t w t t t x t

v t ( . B z /R 2009). T t t ,

t t v t v . H ,

t x t t q w - v t t . I

t w : W v t w t w t ? U , v -

t t v t v

w t t t ( . H z /K 2005: 783).

F x , v t t , t t t t t v t x w

t , v . C , w w t v -

w z t t t t v t v

(F 1993; St /M 1993; W 2007). S - v ,

t t w t -

v . S , v t t x t - , t

t . H w v , t t v t t

t ( . M 2005: 77).

O t t q t v v t t

t t t v t t t t t ( . M 2006; W


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2007). A t tw t x t, t

w t v t t

t ( . G t . 2003; M 2006; W 2007). F t t v w, v

t t t .

I v , t t t ( .

S /V 2008). N v t v t t t v

t t w t t v , , ( . P

2000). F t , t t v w t t -

v ( . M 1994). Ev t w - t - - t -

x t, t t t t t t t w

. I t w , t w t

z (L t . 2001).

I , t t t t t t t

t t v t t (M 2005: 75; W 2005). L t

t t t . T t

t t , t t t t

. I t ,

t - - t ( x , ) t - t

t t E - t t R I ,

S t , E ( . A /St 2009). F w t t, x t t t

t t / t tw t.

F t , B t t v t t tw -

t . G v t t t , t t t

t t x t t t t t (t t t t t ).

C , t t t t t t -

w t t v ( . H z /K 2008; R 1991). I , t v t

x t .

L t t t t, v t t t t t t t - t t t ( . R 1991; S /E 2004). I t v

t t t t w t , v t w

v . T t t t t t

t x t v t v v -

x ( x , t t j t ), w t -

t . T t t.


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3.2 Conceptualizing Externali es

Ext t z v / v v

t t t t t - . F t t v w, xt t t t t t xt

- ( . A /S 2001; B /G 2006; E /S 2005; L z 2001).

Ext t v t t t t t t t

w t . T w t j t t t t- t t

t t t, t , w t t t t w t t.

T tw t t t t .

W t t t w v t t t t (

x , t q t t w t t w),

t xt - (

x B /W t 2004; S 2008). 15 I t , xt t t t

t z t t - t t

( . S 1997 ). 16

C t t t w t -

tw t ( t t t t , , v ) t

t t t t t w t t t . R t

tw t t t t t j t t v .

R t t t , t t t t -

v t t t t t v ( . D z 2005). F

t t v w, t v t t v t t

t , t v t v .

C q t , x t v t - t t t -

t . A t x t t t t t x

x t ( . J 2006).

I v , t t t j t t

t v v v t xt t . F x , v t t z v 17 t t t ( . S

2007; W /T 1980). S t t t x t W B (WB)

t E U (EU). B t z v t t

15 S t t v , , t v t t t t t t t ( . .

D t . 2007). F w - v , I t w t t .

16 I t , t t t t - t , t t t t v -

( . B /B 2005) ( . H z /K 2008).17 T t t t t t . C v t j t t

w t t t .


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j t / . T WB v t t t v t, t t

t t t t t ( x , v z

t ). T EU t E R D v t F

(ERDF). H w v , t w t w t tacquis communautaire EU .

R t t t , v x v

t t t t j t t. T t t t

, t v v t t -

( . D /G 2005; S 2008; W 2007). Ext t v t

t v t t t t , t t t t t

t t v ( . S 2008: 212). 18

R t , t t t xt t v v t w v

t (A /S 2001; B /G 2006; E /S 2005; L z

2001). F x , t US t t C t t t t , t -

t US t t ( v E t ) t t t t . T C t

w t t t v t tw t t t t

t t (V 1997).

F t t v w, t t v t t t v t -

t t t . 192F t , t t t t t

t , x t t t t t w t t t v t .

T t t t t t - t t t -

t t t . I v t t t t w t -

t z t t USA, t t t t t USA t t

w ( . N /P 2010). T v q w t t

t t t t t t ( . L /St 2006: 900).

Ext t t t t t t

- t t , w v t t t

v t t w t t t - v . N v t , t , t v

t j t t (S 1997 ). N , t v

v tw v t ( . B /W t 2004; S 2008;

S /V 2008; S t . 2007). S , t q t t v t -

v t w t t t t .

18 T t / t E z ( .M t 2005).

19 C v v t ( , t , v ) t v t t w t v ( . S 2008). Tt t t , t z t t t t .


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F x , t v t t t t -

j t t - v ( . S t 2002: 898). U , t x t t t

t v t t t t ,

t t t t ( . S /V 2008). T t t t v ,t , t w t v . M v , t -

t t t t w t t t t t , t , t t

w t t .

L w , v t t t t t t t t

t - t ( . H z /K 2005). H w v , t t t . F x , t

t , Sw tz w v w t t t

t t ( . K tz t 1985). T

t t t t t t , t t t x

v w - v t .

3.3 Conceptualizing Socializa on

N v , t w t t t t . B t t t w

t t t . F x , w w x , t

v t w t t (M /O 2006). T t t ,

t t t z v w ( . A t . 2006;

J t 2005: 1032 ). I t , t t t v t t

t t t t . I t , t z

t v t ( . M /O 2006) t t t t t z

. C t t v

t .

S t t v (D M /P w 1991),

x (H 1993), t - - t (B /G 2006), t II t z

(C 2005). A t w v t t t- v t ( . R 2000).

T t z t z t t t t w t

t v t z . T , t , t

t t t t

t t t t z ( . C 2005; F /S 1998). A t z -

t t t , t t t t t

. S t t t t t , t v t t t t t

w t t . T t t t v t t

.


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R z t t t z (

x F /S 1998; K 2004). I t t t EU t OECD x-

t t t - , v t t t z

t - v , t x t t( . R 2000; M t /J 2007). A v t t z q t t -

v t t v

. A t x t v t t E M t U ( . V

1999).

H w v , t t t w t w t t z w t t

t ( . G t . 2008). H , t t t v t

t tw v j t - x tw ,

x t , t , v t t ( . S /E 2004: 10; H 1992). S t

t z t x x

z t , t v x t t t

( . E 1999; K -K 1999; B z /R 2003). C , x t

t t ( ) z , t t, t t -

tw t t ( . S /E 2004: 180).

Ex t t z t t t w x t . W

t v t v x ( x W 2007)

w t t t t tw ( x S /E 2004),

t v t t t z tw w t

t x ( x L /St 2006; S 2008). A t q t

t z ( . F /S 1998; Z /C 2005),

t t t t w t z . It -

t t t t t t t t t.

U , x t t t t t t z t t

t , x , t w t z . F t t v w, -

z t t t t t ( . F /S 1998: 900;

S 2008). F t , w t t t t z , v wt t ( . M t 1997; F /S 1998: 900; T 2009). E

q t t v v j t w t t , t t w v

v t ( H z /K 2005). F t t v w,

x t t t z t t tw t v v . P

- tw v t v t t v x

t t t .

T t t t , t t tw x v t

t t w w t t z t ( . B z /R

2003). H , x t z t t t t v


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t v , t t t . T

t t t t t t t z

t xt t ( . S t . 2007).

3.4 Conceptualizing Emula on

E t w t x t t

t . 201O t , t t

t t t tw t t t .

T t t - t w t t t

w , t t t t t t t

t t ( . F /S 1998; M t . 1997). I t , t

tw t t t

t , t . F x , v t t U

t t N -P T t (NPT) 1994 v t t (C t /

D v 2000: 82). S , t t z xt t z ,

t t t

w ( . B 1991; D M /P w 1991; S /E 2004).

I t w , t t t t ,

t t t w t t t

. T , t t t t t t .

F w - v t t t w t t ,

t t ( . G t 1983) v (B 1991: 223). F

x , t t t t - t t t -

t t ( . S 2007).

T t t t t w t v

v t t t v t t

. P t v - t t x t t v (M 2005: 78).

M t t t

(F /S 1998), (D M /P w 1991), (J t 2005)

t I t z (C 2005), t (G t 1983), w , t

t ( . G v 1978; S 1978) t (H /T 2003; L v -F

2002). 21

20 S t t t .

21 S t t t t t w , t t xt z ( . G t . 2008: 24). S , t t t ( -

) z .


22/33


M t w t t t t t ,

x t , - ( . D /G 2005; L /St

2006; S /V 2008). N v t , v t t t t t -

t t t t t . F x ,C --V I w t t t t t

- , t t t - (2007). I v ,

B W t w t t t , t t t x (2004).

I w t t , t t t- v

w t t w t ( . S /V 2008).

I t , t t t

t t ( . S /E 2004). B , v t t t t

w t w t t ( . G t . 2003), t ( . E /S 2005),

( . G t . 2003) , w t t t t -

t t ( . L /St 2006; St 2004),

F t , t t t v t t t t

t v t . T t t t v

t t , t , t - v v

t v t t ( . F /S 1998; M t .

1997). I t t t t -

v t v t t t t t t , t t w

(K t . 2000).

H w v , t t t x t t

v t ( . C 2005). I t , t t w

t t v t xt ( . H /T 2003; L v -F 2002; M

2005). C , x t t t t -

t . T w v t t

v t .

S t t t, x t t w t t t tv t t t v v ( . K 2005). I v , t

t t t (S 2008)

t (F /S 1998: 901; S /E 2004) .

S , v t t q t t

v t t ( x G t . 2003; S /E

2004; W 2007). A , t x t v w t

t v t t t . F x , t x t t t t -

t t t v w t t t t v t t x t

t / t t t (W 2007). F t ,

x t w t v w t t , x , t t


23/33


t t v x t w ( . E t . 2006). H , t

t t tw v t t t v

x .

C t v t t t t v v

v t t , t z

t t t t t t t t

t (B 1991: 223; H 1993). S t t t -

j t , t t t t ( x ,

t ) ( . N -C 2009; T 2002).

A t t t t t t t -

t t. I t , x t t t t t t t t t

t v t ( . S /V 2008). I w , t t

t t t t ( . S /E 2004). G v t

v t t t . F x , t q t t v x

t t A w t USA.

L t t t t, t v t ( . K tz 1995: 27; C 1998: 337). A

L v -F t t v t t t v

t t t t j t xt (L v -F 2005). T , w zz

v t t , - t t t w t t t q t

t ( . F /S 1998; W 2007). F t t v w, t

t , t t z t t t.

4. C R

T t t t . I t

, v t v , t t w

t t , v , , E z , .B t , t w t -

t v t . A t, t t t v w t

x t t t t, t v t v w .

T w t v t t t . It z

t t t j t t xt t t tw v

t . A , ( ) t

.

I , t w t t v t t

w t t j t t x t t -

t t . N v t , w t t z t


24/33


t t q t t w w t , , -

- t t .

H , t j t t t w t w tt . A t t t t t

w t t ( . B 2003). H w v , t t t

( t ) v t . H , t v t -

, t t t t ) t

( v t t t ); ) t t z t t t t

( t t t ). C t t t

x t t .

T j t t t t z t t t -

v t w . C t , t v t . F x , S E v

t t t t t t t (2005). H , t v

j t t t t t t . O , t t

t , x , t q t t t . Ot

(H 1993) t z . 221T

t q t t , t t t - ( . C 2006;

Z /C 2005). Y t, t w t t t t

t ( . B /G 2006; S /E 2004; S 2007). F t ,

t t t : P t -

t t t t t ( . K /L w 2005) v t t t w

x t t ( . V t . 2008).

T t t t v t t t . S , t q -

w t t t t . H w ? G t

t z w t t

t . Y t, t t t v t t t

- v w t ( x B /W t 2004;

D /G 2005; D t . 2007; S /V 2008; S /E 2004). S , t t t

t t v t t t t t v . F t, t t t t t

t t w t ( . M 2001; B /G 2006;). T

t t t w t t

t t w t t v w . S , t

z t t x t w t t v -

t t ( . B /B 2007; G /F t

2008; V 2006). T , t t t t x t q t -

v q t v t t w . H , t t

22 F t v w, t j t t t t z t t t t x t t t t .


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t t t t w t t ( x K 2007) ( x F z /

H 2008).

N v t , t t t t t v w .F t, t t t t , v t tw x t z

t t .

S , t t t t t t t , t

t t v w t t v t t t t . T

x t t t t t t

t t t .

T , t t t t t w -

t v t x t t . H w v , t t x t

t t w , t t t t t

- t x t w w t t xt . I t t

t v t v t t t t t t t -

( . F /W t 2002), x t t ( t t v-

t) w w t , t v t t .

F t , t v q w t x t v ( . G 2010). T

t w t t v t ( v ) t -

. F x , x v t - v t t w t

q w t t t ).

F , t v t t ; t t t , t w t

- v t w t t v t

. O t t t t t x x

w t v .

S xt , t t t t w t t t

tw t x t t , t t q : W t t ttw t , , - v t ? T w

t t t t t t t t v .

O , t . S w t t t t t

t t t t t t t . It

t t t t x t t t v . F x , t t -

v t t t t t x

tw t t , t t t t t t z t

/ t t . A t t t t

w .


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A , t v x t. I t z t

t - v . F t t w v

t t t v . T , t t t t t v

t v t t t t t . H w v , t v w, t t t t . A t t t , t

t t ( . G 2005) t -

. T t t t , t t j t t t , w t v

t .


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T K -F - E A Ex I R

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C , C t B

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mechanism-based thinking on policy diffusion. a review of current approaches in political science

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