mechanisim of car.pptx

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Mechanism of Automobile andComponents

Dr. Montaser Tahat

Al- Balqaa Applied UniversityAl- Huson University College

Mechanical Engineering Department

Team

#



Team Members:

Asem !asas"eh $%&'

Mohammad Melhem %&()*

Mohammad !ana+ri %&('$

Mohammad ,aqou" %&*(



Contents:•ntroduction

• Mechanism .or Car /indo0

• Mechanism .or Engine

• Mechanism .or Transmission

• Mechanism .or Drive 1ha2t

• Mechanism .or 1teering system



Introduction

Mechanism is 0hen many parts 0or+ing togetherto create a motion 2or a transmission3 such as inautomo"ile3 the car engine creates a po0er to thetransmission3 in order to move the car4 The "asic

mechanisms o2 an automo"ile are e5plained usingthe components o2 the 6rst-generation Cro0n4

1imply the mechanism in general is to trans2ormsinput 2orces into the desired o2 output 2orce3 "y

moving components such as gears3 "elt3 chains3cam344etc.



Mechanism of car window:



Mechanism For Engine

Engine Main Parts:

1(1par+ 7lug

'8 9alves

8 7iston

$8 7iston :ings

*8 Connecting :od

)8 Cran+ 1ha2t

;8 1ump



Spar Plug

spar+ plug is an electrical device that creates an arti6cial "olto2 lightning 0ithin cylinder head o2 the engine3 simply itinitiates the spar+ to create com"ustion4 The electricity must"e at a very high voltage in order to travel across the gapand create a good spar+4 9oltage at the spar+ plug can "e

any0here 2rom $(3((( to ((3((( volts4 .igure sho0s aspar+ plug cuta0ay and its main parts.

.igure <8



!al"es

There=s t0o main types o2 9alves The inta+e and e5haustvalves4 The inta+e valve opens to let in air and 2uel in non-in>ected cars3 and only air in in>ection cars3 and the e5haustvalves to let out the "urned gases out o2 the engine4 1omore valves in the car engines means high per2ormance4

.igure ' sho0s the inta+e and e5haust valves.

.igure <'8



Piston

A piston is a cylindrical piece o2 metal located in the top o2 thecylinder and moves up and do0n inside the cylinder3 it is one o2the most important parts o2 an engine3 "ecause it is themechanisms that contains the engines energy4 The pistons comein many di?erent si@es and materials to 6t the cylinder and to

ma+e and proper compression4 .igure sho0s a sample o2piston.

.igure <8



Piston #ings

As 0e noticed 2rom their names3 they are rings around the pistons3they are 6tting the grooves surrounding3 in order to regulate the oilconsumption3 conduct heat 2rom piston to cylinder3 preventtrans2erring gases 2rom com"ustion cham"er to the cran+3 andprovide a sliding seal "et0een the outer

edge o2 the piston and the inner edge o2 the cylinder4 The 7iston:ings simply t0o types the oil control rings and compression rings4.igure $ sho0s the rings and ho0 they are placing around.

.igure <$8



Connecting #od

A rod is transmitting motion 2rom moving part toanother3 the connecting rod in car engine is connectingthe cran+sha2t to the piston3 there are di?erentmaterials 2or the connecting rods3 the most common are

1teel and Aluminum4 6gure * sho0s connecting rod.

.igure <*8



Crans Shaft

The cran+sha2t is one o2 the ma>or parts in the car enginethat po0ers the drive 0heels3 the cran+sha2t converts thelinear energy into rotational energy3 all pistons areconnected to the cran+sha2t "y the connecting rods4 .igure) sho0s an e5ample o2 cran+sha2t.

.igure <)8



Sump

The sump surrounds the cran+sha2t4 t stores some amounto2 oil3 0hich collects in the "ottom o2 the sump3 2rom thissump the oil pumped to the engine parts in order lu"ricatethese parts3 "y di?erent type o2 lu"rication system3 and the

most +no0n is oil pump4 .igure ; sho0s the sump3 to ma+eit much clear.

.igure <;8



$ow The Car Enginewors?

A2ter the e5planation o2 the main engine parts3 no0 ma+ing theidea o2 ho0 does the engine 0or+ is clearer3 and reader o2 thispaper can imagine ho0 these parts are 0or+ing together tocreate the motion energy to the car 0heels.

enerally3 this motion comes 2rom the 2our stro+es cycle3 0hichis happening inside each one o2 the cylinders as its sho0n in

6gure &:

1(nta+e 1tro+e:

the piston lo0ers in the cylinder3 suc+ing air into the

cylinder in the in>ected cars 0hile the 2uel in>ectors sprays2uel into the cylinder and a mi5ture o2 air and 2uel in thenon-in>ection cars into the cylinder through the inta+evalve.



2(Compression 1tro+e:

in this stro+e the valves close3 and cran+sha2t moves the piston up3compressing the 2uel-air mi5ture.

3(Com"ustion 1tro+e:

/hen the piston reaches the top3 the spar+ plug spar+s3 igniting the2uel-air mi5ture4

$8 E5haust stro+e:

/hen the piston reaches the "ottom3 the e5haust valve opens up3then the piston comes "ac+ up and 2orcing the e5haust out o2 thecylinder.

.igure <&8



/e summari@e 2rom these 2our stro+es3 that air3 electricity3 2uel3and pressure come together to create a small e5plosion to ma+ethe pistons move up and do0n3 0hich is the po0er to move the

car.n addition to that3 the engine includes an upper part calledcylinder head3 0hich is a piece o2 metal covers the engine=scylinders3 in "et0een the cylinder head and the cylinder "loc+there=s a head gas+et seals the >oint "et0een them to save the

pressure3 one o2 the main role o2 the cylinder head is to control theinta+e and e5haust gases "y open and close the inta+e ande5haust valves 0ith a rotational movement o2 an important partcalled Camsha2t3 0hich is sho0n in 6gure %.

.igure <%8



Moreover3 some cars have only one camsha2t and cars 0ith )

valves have t0o camsha2ts controls the inta+e and e5haustvalves on inline engines3 and t0o camsha2ts on the 9-shapedengines3 one camsha2t to control the valves on a side and theother camsha2t to control the valves on the ne5t side3 6gure( clears "oth o2 the engine shapes.

.igure <(8



The camsha2t gains this rotational movement 2rom thecran+sha2t via timing "elt or chain3 the ne5t 6gure 0ill sho0

the timing "elt or the chain and the place o2 in the carengine and ho0 this mechanism movement is generated.

.igure <8



A2ter understanding ho0 the car engine 0or+s3 and ho0creates the po0er to the cran+sha2t3 rotating the cran+sha2t

0ill ma+e a rotational movement to something on the oppositeside 2rom the timing "elt3 connected to the cran+sha2t called.ly0heel3 this y0heel ta+es this mechanism to the ne5t parto2 the car to move the car.

.igure ' sho0s the y0heel and ho0 its connected to the

cran+sha2t.



second Part% transmission:

Engine run at high speeds3 so a reduction in gearing is necessary to

transmit po0er to the drive 0heels3 a transmission needed 0hich isa mechanism 2or transmitting po0er 2rom a vehicles engine <ormotor8 to its 0heels4 There are t0o ma>or types o2 transmissions inmost cars on the road today automatic and manual.

The transmission contains o2 di?erent gears o provide the neededspeed3 the lo0er the gear3 the slo0er the road 0heels turn in

relation to the engine speed.

.igure



the input sha2t ta+es the po0er 2rom the engine into thegear"o53 a2ter that the selector rods and 2or+s move thesynchromesh unit "ac+ and 2orth3 according to 0hich gear isselected4 The lay sha2t transmits drive 2rom input to the mainsha2t 0hen the a constantly meshed gear is loc+ed to themain sha2t <or output sha2t83 and the main sha2t transmitsdrive 2rom the lay sha2t to the propeller sha2t3 as it sho0n inthe 6gure sho0n3 0hich is a manual gear"o5.

n this case 0ill sho0 ho0 the 2ourth geartransmission 0or+s:

&eutral gear% All the gears e'cept thoseneeded for re"erse are constantl( in mesh.The gears on the output shaft re"ol"e freel(around it) while those on the la(shaft are*'ed. &o dri"e is being transmitted.



st gear n 6rst gear3 the smallest gear on the laysha2t <0ith the 2e0est teeth8 is loc+ed to it3

passing drive through the largest gear on the mainsha2t3 giving high torque and lo0 speed 2or astanding start.

'nd gear n second gear3 the di?erence in

diameter o2 the gears on the t0o sha2ts isreduced3 resulting in increased road speed andlo0er torque increase4 The ratio is ideal 2orclim"ing very steep hills.

rd gear still larger gear on the laysha2tincreases 2or0ard speed still 2urther "utreduces torque increase.



$th gear n 2ourth gear3 the input sha2t andmain sha2t are loc+ed together3 providing direct

drive one revolution o2 the propeller sha2t 2oreach revolution o2 the cran+sha2t.

:everse .or reversing3 an idler gear isinterposed "et0een gears on the t0o sha2ts3causing the main sha2t to reverse direction.



The mechanism 2or connecting and disconnecting a vehiclesengine 2rom its transmission system is called clutch4 n a car30e need the clutch "ecause the engine spins all the time3 "ut

the cars 0heels do not4 n order 2ore car to stop 0ithout +illingthe engine3 the 0heels need to "e disconnected 2rom theengine someho04 The clutch allo0s us to smoothly engage aspinning engine to a non-spinning transmission "y controllingthe slippage "et0een them4 .igure $ sho0s the clutch.

.igure <$8



Drive sha2t A5les sha2t

Fne o2 the most essential component parts in the carsare a5le sha2t and drive sha2t4 The drive sha2t appearsmost o2ten in o?-road vehicles and in the rear-0heelsystem o2 a truc+3 and in a 2ront-0heel drive system thea5le sha2ts are used.

n the cars 0ith the drivesha2t3 the drivesha2t turns3 themotion is trans2erred to the drive a5les via the C9 >oint assho0n in 6gure *.

.igure <*8



at the end o2 the drivesha2t is connecting to therear a5les3 0hile rotating the drivesha2t the a5les

through the ring gear 0ill generate the rear a5lesrotate3 0hich they are connected to the road0heels4 .igure ) is a cuta0ay dra0ing o2 a carsrear a5le3 sho0ing the cro0n 0heel and pinion o2

the 6nal drive.

.igure <)8



n addition to that3 in the Modern 2ront 0heel drive

cars typically com"ine the transmission <gear"o5and di?erential8 and 2ront a5le into a single unitcalled a transa5le 0hich is sho0n in 6gure ;.

.igure <;8



1o in the 2ront 0heel cars3 the a5les are connected

to the transmission and ta+ing the motion 2rom thetransmission directly to the 0heels3 each a5leconnects to the hu" 0heel 0ith constant velocity<C98 >oint3 .igure & sho0s a 2ront 0heel a5le.

.igure <&8



1teering

1ystem

/hen 0e turn the steering 0heel in the car3 the 0heels turn3this movement "ecause o2 a system called steering system30hich is a group o2 parts that transmit the movement o2 thesteering 0heel to the 2ront3 primary purpose o2 the steeringsystem is to allo0 the driver to guide the vehicle.

The steering system converts the rotation o2 the steering

0heel into a s0iveling movement o2 the road 0heels in sucha 0ay that the steering-0heel rim turns a long 0ay to movethe road 0heels a short 0ay.

The steering 0heel is connected to the upper steering sha2t3and its 65ed at the steering upper sha2t through the 0heel

steering hu"4 This connection is to ma+e the steering 0heelmoving the steering arm to generate the movement4 Thene5t 6gure sho0s the upper sha2t under the steering 0heelinside the car.



.igure <%8



And the ne5t sho0s the steering 0heel and its hu" and ho0 0ill "e65ed at the upper sha2t.

A2ter this connection3 no0 rotating the steering 0heel right or le2t

0ill rotate the steering column3 0hich is at the end o2 this columnthere is a universal >oint connected to the lo0er sha2t3 in order toma+e the rotation easier4 As its sho0n in the 6gure '(3 the steeringcolumn and the sha2t.

.igure <'(8



Ge5t to the lo0er sha2t3 is connected to the steering arm30hich converts the linear <"ac+-and-

2orth8 motion o2 the steering lin+age to the rotating

motion o2 the steering +nuc+le3 as the arm is connectedto the 0heels through the soc+ets4 .igure ' sho0s thesteering arm.

.igure '



Go0 to understand the mechanism o2 rotating this arm "y thelo0er sha2t3 see 6gure '' 0hich sho0s ho0 the steering arm is

connected to the lo0er sha2t.

.igure <''8

/e recogni@e that the connection is done "y the pinion and rac+3 0hichthey are perpendicular to each other3 and 0hen the rotating come 2romthe steering 0heel and rotating the steering column3 a2ter that the lo0ersha2t 0ill also rotate to ma+e movement o2 the steering arm3 0hichma+es the road 0heels moving le2t or right3 according to the requiredmotion.

mechanisim of car.pptx

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