meat destroys rainforests

7/31/2019 Meat Destroys Rainforests

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T H E A M A

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T E R I N G

T H E A M A Z O N

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‘ Just as no country can solveclimate change alone, harnessingthe wealth o a orest spread over eight countries requires international co-operation. For that reason, in

2008 Brazil launched the AmazonFund. Over $20 billion will be raised tofnance conservation and sustainabledevelopment. These resources will beused to curb illegal logging, but also

to develop alternative livelihoods.Norway has already pledged $1.1 billion over ten years or the und.W h th ill ll ’

‘ Supporting competitive Braziliancompanies in the international

market is a primary objective o theBrazilian government, and or morethan sixteen years BNDES has

been participating in the successul eort o maintaining a market-

based, competitive environment or Brazilian exporters.’

Brazilian National Development

Bank website, ‘Exports’



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T I V E S U

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IN bRIEf

SL A UGH TERING

THE A M A ZON

GLObAL AcTION TOTAckLE cLIMATE cHANGE

Bazi is the wod’s outh agest poduce o

geenhouse gas (GHG) eissions.1 The ajoit o

eissions coe o the ceaance and buningo the Aazon ainoest.. Goba, topica oest

destuction is esponsibe o aound 20% o goba

GHG eissions.2 Ending deoestation is an essentia

pat o a goba stateg to tace ciate change and

to pesee biodiesit.

The ajo chaenge, as identifed b the Wod Ban,

is to taget the ain econoic dies o deoestation

at the ‘agicutua onties, such as the Aazon’.3

Wod goenents, utiatea unding agencies such

as the Wod Ban and goba copoations a hae a

oe to pa.

The Copenhagen Ciate Suit, to be hed in

Dena in Decebe 2009, is the e oppotunit o

goenents to agee easues to dastica educe

GHG eissions. An eectie dea ust incude

actions and unding to tace deoestation.

THE cATTLE SEcTOR IN THE AMAZONIS THE SINGLE LARGEST dRIvEROf GLObAL dEfORESTATION

EffORTS TO HALT GLObAL dEfORESTATIONEMISSIONS MUST TAckLE THE bRAZILIAN

cATTLE SEcTOR IN THE AMAZON

The catte secto in the Baziian Aazon is the

agest die o deoestation in the wod,4

esponsibe o one in ee eight hectaes destoed

goba.5 Eots to hat goba deoestation

eissions ust tace this secto.

ZErO DEOrESTATION IS A SOCIAl

AND ECOlOGICAl ImPErATIvE.

The wod’s oests aintain ecoogica sstes that

ae essentia o ie. The cutua suia o anoest dweing peopes and counities depends

on the ongoing heath o thei oests. oests aso

ZErO DEOrESTATION IS A ClImATE ImPErATIvE.

oests pa a ita oe in stabiising the wod’s ciate

b stoing age aounts o cabon that woud othewise

contibute to ciate change.

The Aazon is estiated to stoe 80-120 biion tonneso cabon.7 I destoed, soe ft ties the annua GHG

eissions o the USA coud be eitted.8

DESTrUCTION O THE AmAZON, THE WOrlD’S

mOST ImPOrTANT OrEST CArBON STOrE, IS

BEING DrIvEN By THE CATTlE SECTOr.

The Baziian Aazon has the geatest annua aeage

deoestation b aea o anwhee in the wod.9

The catte secto is the e die o deoestation in

the Baziian Aazon.10 Accoding to the Baziian

goenent: ‘Catte ae esponsibe o about 80%

o a deoestation’ in the Aazon egion.11 In ecent

eas, on aeage one hectae o Aazon ainoest

has been ost to catte anches ee 18 seconds.12

The catte secto in the Baziian Aazon is esponsibe

o 14% o the wod’s annua deoestation.13 This aes it

the wod’s agest die o deoestation, esponsibe o

oe oest oss than the tota deoestation in an count

outside Bazi ecept Indonesia.14

THE bRAZILIAN GOvERNMENT fOREcASTS

dOMINATION Of THE GLObAL bEEf TRAdE

Bazi has the wod’s agest coecia cattehed15 and is the wod’s agest bee epote.16

With China, it shaes the position o top epote o

tanned eathe.17 The Baziian goenent oecasts

a doubing o Bazi’s shae o goba tade in bee

poducts b 2108.18

The Baziian catte secto has seen apid epot-oiented

gowth oe the ast decade.19 Epots o bee and ea

o Bazi inceased aost si-od in oue between

1998 and 2008.20 B 2008, nea one in ee thee

tonnes o bee taded intenationa cae out o Bazi.21

The tota aue o the catte tade o Bazi was $6.9biion22 in 2008, with eathe epesenting oe than a

quate o that aue.23



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THE bRAZILIAN GOvERNMENT ISbANkROLLING THE ExpANSION OfTHE cATTLE SEcTOR IN THE AMAZON

To aid Bazi’s doination o the goba aet o

agicutua coodities incuding bee, the Baziian

goenent is inesting in a pats o the supp chain, o

a-ee poduction to the intenationa aet.

BrAZIl IS OErING CrEDIT WOrTH $41 BIllION

TO ArmErS TO BOOST PrODUCTION.In Ju 2008, Bazi’s Pesident lua announced the

2008/2009 Agicutua and liestoc Pan, which ade

aaiabe $41 biion in cedit ines to boost agicutua and

iestoc poduction. 85% o this cedit was designated o

copoate agicutue.25

CATTlE ExPANSION IS CONCENTrATED IN THE

AmAZON rEGION, WHErE lACk O GOvErNANCE

mEANS lAND AND lABOUr ArE CHEAP.

Successie epots b the Wod Ban, the Baziian

goenent and eseach institutes, and anasis b

Geenpeace consistent concude that catte anching

occupies about 80% o a deoested and in the

Aazon egion.26

The agest econoic incentie o the epansion o Bazi’s

catte secto into the Aazon is ac o goenance:27

contibuting actos incude couption, disoganisation,

iited capacit and ac o coodination between

goenent depatents.

Anasis b Geenpeace o 2006–2007 sateite data and

oest ceaance peits eeas that oe than 90% o

cuent Aazon deoestation was iega.28

GOvErNmENT lAWS ArE SET TO INCrEASE

THE AvAIlABIlITy O lAND – lEGAlISING

INCrEASED DEOrESTATION.

land gabbing in the Aazon is apant. land tites in

the Aazon egion ae in disaa, with the ega status o

ough ha the aea uncetain.29

rathe than fing the pobe, a bi beoe the Baziian

Congess woud ewad and gabbes b giing the

popet ights o iega occupied and.30

A second bi31

beoe the Baziian Congess poposesto oe than doube the pecentage o oest that can be

ceaed ega within a popet.

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bR A ZILI A N cO2 EMISSIONS EMISSIONS b Y SEc TOR

m e g a t o n s o f C O 2



E X E C U

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THE bRAZILIAN GOvERNMENT pART-OWNS THE GLObAL cORpORATIONSExpANdING IN THE AMAZON

THE bRAZILIAN GOvERNMENT

HAS SHARES IN GLObAL bEEf ANd LEATHER pROdUcERS.

Though the Baziian Nationa Deeopent Ban

(BNDES), the fnance a o the Baziian minist

o Deeopent, Indust and oeign Tade, the

Baziian goenent has oed stategic aiances

with the handu o goba paes in the catte secto.

Between 2007 and 2009, these paes – who account

o up to 50% o Bazi’s bee epots aet – eceied

$2.65 biion o the BNDES,32 in echange o

Baziian goenent shaes in the copanies.

The thee pocessos eceiing the ion’s shae o

Baziian goenent inestent – Betin, JBS and

maig – incude one o the wod’s agest eathe

tades,33 the wod’s agest bee tade (contoing at

east 10% o goba bee poduction),34 and the wod’s

outh-agest bee tade, espectie.35

Epansion b these goups is eectie a ‘joint entue’

with the Baziian goenent.

These copanies see the fnancia cisis as an

oppotunit to buid goba aet shae. Without

Baziian goenent one, the abiit o these paesto continue buiding a goba tade epie ounded on

the epot o catte poducts o the Aazon woud

hae been educed.

To boste Bazi’s shae o goba tade,36 the

goenent is poiding capita o epansion o catte

pocessing inastuctue in the Aazon egion.37

In a oan assessent o Betin, the Intenationa inance

Copoation (IC), the piate ending a o the Wod

Ban, waned o the iss o ueing deoestation b

epanding saughtehouse capacit in the egion. A Wod Ban audito concuded: ‘[Bertin’s Marabá

slaughterhouse expansion] project poses a grave

GREENpEAcE ExpOSES THEbLINd cONSUMpTION Of THEpROdUcTS Of AMAZON cRIME

bRAZILIAN GOvERNMENT ‘JOINT

vENTURES’ ARE MARkETING SLAvERY ANd fOREST dESTRUcTION

Geenpeace has taced the tade in catte poducts

bac o the epot-oiented pocessing aciities o

Betin, JBS and maig in the south o Bazi to thee

onties o deoestation in the Aazon.

Whie the Bue Chip copanies behind eputabe

goba bands appea to beiee that Aazon souces

ae ecuded o thei poducts,39 Geenpeace

inestigations epose o the fst tie how thei bind

consuption o aw ateias ues deoestation and

ciate change.

Geenpeace undecoe inestigations hae unpiced the

cope goba tade in bee poducts o pat-Baziian-

goenent-owned copoations – Betin, JBS and maig.

Geenpeace has identifed hundeds o anches within the

Aazon ainoest supping catte to saughtehouses in

the Aazon egion beonging to these copanies. Whee

Geenpeace was abe to obtain apped boundaies o

anches, sateite anasis eeas that signifcant suppies

o catte coe o anches actie in ecent and iega

deoestation. Tade data aso eea tade with anches

using oden-da sae. Additiona, one Betin

saughtehouse eceies suppies o catte o an iegaanch occuping Indian lands.

These saughtehouses in the Aazon egion then

ship bee o hides to copan aciities thousands o

ioetes awa in the south o uthe pocessing

beoe epot. In a nube o cases, additiona

pocessing taes pace in ipot counties beoe the

fna poduct eaches the aet. In eect, ciina

o ‘dit’ suppies o catte ae ‘aundeed’ though the

supp chain to an unwitting goba aet.



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T H E A M A Z O N

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S L A U GHT E RI N

GT HE A

7

‘ The Amazon rainorest contains about one tenth o the total carbon stored in land ecosystems

and recycles a large ractiono the rainall that alls upon

it. So any major change to itsvegetation, brought about by events like deorestation or drought, has an impact on the

global climate system.’

Met Ofce Hadley Centre 2008



T E R I N G

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The ‘laundry lisT’:global brands are silenTparTners To crime

Our evidence links an Amazon-contaminated supply chain

to suppliers to many reputable global brands and retailers,

including a long list o international Blue Chip companies:

Adidas, BMW, Carreour, Ford, Honda, Gucci, IKEA, Krat,

Nike, Tesco, Toyota, Wal-Mart. The public sector is also

exposed; our fndings link the chain to suppliers to the UK

National Health Service (NHS),40 and to a supplier in the

Middle East whose customers include the British, Dutch,

Italian, Spanish and US military orces.41

The Tour du monde – amazoncaTTle producTs geT aroundThe world in 80 ways

Our undercover investigations have taken

us on a tour o the world:

c: Globally, about hal o leather production is

or shoes.42 China is the world’s largest producer and

exporter o shoes, producing nearly 60% o the world’stotal output in 2006.43 Bertin is a major exporter o leather

to China. Greenpeace undercover investigations reveal

manuacturers producing trainers or Nike and Adidas/

Reebok being supplied by leather fnishers that are direct

customers o Bertin.

usa: Furniture and vehicle upholstery is the second-

largest use o leather. 44 Production o leather vehicle

interiors is outsourced to leather processors such as

US-based Eagle Ottawa. Eagle Ottawa accounts or

20% o all leather used globally or vehicle upholstery.45

Bertin is an exclusive supplier to Eagle Ottawa,46 which

absorbs 30% o Bertin’s leather exports.47 Eagle Ottawa

supplies BMW, Ford, Honda, Toyota and many others.48

it : Italy is the centre o high-quality leather production

or the ashion market. Italy is the world’s second largest

leather shoe exporter in terms o value. 49 Handbag lines

are the star o Italy’s leather export industry, accounting

or nearly two thirds o the trade value o Italian leather

goods.50 The two leading Italian leather processors,

Rino Mastrotto Group (RMG) and Gruppo Mastrotto

(GM), receive regular supplies o leather rom Bertin.51

Customers o these processors include Boss, Geox,

Gucci, Hilfger, Louis Vuitton and Prada.52

JBS has a 50% stake in the bee production and



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railway companies SNCF and Thalys International. 53

JBS and Marrig supply Cremonini in Italy.54

uK: The convenience ood market and the ood

service industry are changing what we eat, where

we eat and how we shop. The UK ready-meal

market is ‘the most advanced in Europe’.55 ‘Sales

o ready meals, both rozen and chilled, represent

7% o all main meal occasions in the UK.’56 The

UK imports 40% o its processed bee (prepared,

cooked or tinned) rom Brazil.57 Nearly 90% o

this comes rom Bertin, JBS or Marrig.58

brazil: Brazil is an emerging market. According

to Unilever, ‘Consumer spending is growing aster

in [developing and emerging] markets than in

developed markets.’59

In Brazil, three supermarket giants – Carreour, Wal-Mart and Cia Brasiliera de Distribuição60 (known as

Grupo Pão de Açúcar and afliated to the French Casino

group) – control nearly 40% o the sector.61 Bertin,

JBS and Marrig supply various resh and processed

products to Brazil and other emerging markets.

Unilever is the biggest ‘staples’ player in developing

and emerging markets, including Brazil,62 where

sales o health and beauty and cleaning products

are rising. Many o these products contain by-

products o cattle processing, such as glycerine.

According to Bertin, the global personal hygienemarket is worth $269 billion, and Brazil has the

third-biggest share in this market.63 Unilever,



T E R I N G

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fUNdING fOREST pROTEcTION IS kEY TO

MEETING THE cLIMATE cHALLENGE

Bazi is cea that its abiit to each its taget on

educing deoestation depends on the poision

o intenationa unding o ich counties. To this

end, the goenent estabished an Aazon und,

to which Bazi’s ministe o Enionent Caos

minc has said that he is hoping o unds o $21

biion b 2021.71

yet in ma 2009, on $110 iion had been

ade aaiabe – pat o a $1 biion pacage the

goenent o Nowa announced in 2008, to

be paid b instaents unti 2015. As o the end

o mach 2009, Gean is the on othe dono

coitted to the und, announcing a contibution

o €18 iion ($24.7 iion).72

The deastating eape o the destuction o the

Aazon ainoest outined in this epot is just one o

the tagic eaities acing oests wodwide. Whie the

catte secto in the Aazon is the singe agest dieo deoestation in the wod, othe industies in othe

egions o the wod ust be taced.

As the Cabon Discosue Poject (CDP) – a

patneship o an o the Bue Chip copanies

identifed in this epot – has concuded: ‘It is on

though coaboatie goba action which taes the

ong-te iew’73 that the ciate chaenge wi be et.

Cuent, industies in Euope and the USA ae

issued peits giing the aowances o a set

aount o eissions, eg o anuactuing o

ossi ue eneg geneation.

oowing the pincipe that the poute pas,

Geenpeace poposes that copanies shoud pa o

a potion o thei GHG eissions peits. reenues

geneated woud go to a oests o Ciate und

to poide fnancing o deeoping counties to

potect oests.74 This und woud poide econoic

incenties to tace deoestation and put a aue on

standing oests. It woud ewad counties with eifed

eductions in deoestation ates. The und woud be

tageted at oest aeas with high biodiesit aues

and at ceating and peseing sustainabe ieihoodso oest counities as a ong-te eans o oest

potection. As the und woud be open to a counties

with uneabe oests, it woud peent eaage – the

shiting o deoestation b goba industies o one

oest egion o the wod to anothe.

Pat o the goba dea to potect the ciate

ust be to get an ageeent to poide ong-

te unding o the potection o the wod’s

ainoests. The Copenhagen Ciate Suit in

Decebe 2009 is a citica oppotunit to agee

easues and echaniss incuding unding tocobat goba deoestation.

pROTEcT THE cLIMATE:dEfENd THE AMAZON

cLEAN Up THE cATTLE TRAdE

Sto traing with ranhers or omaniesengage in Amazon eorestation.

Sto uning omanies imliate

in orest estrution.

STOp dEfORESTATION

Suort an immeiate moratorium

on urther Amazon eorestation.

Suort measures to ahiee Zero

deorestation in the brazilian Amazon

y 2015 an gloally y 2020.

pROTEcT THE cLIMATE

Suort a strong limate rotool

in coenhagen in 2009, inluing

a mehanism to un orest rotetion.



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‘We have put men on the moon, we havecreated the industrial and the technological age, we have built awesome engineering projects and we have the capacity to

develop the solutions to stop dangerousclimate change. It is only throughcollaborative global action which takes the long term view, rather than ocusing on short term gain, that we will be able to solve thischallenge – but solve it we must and we must work to solve it today.’

The Carbon Disclosure Project

comanies elonging to the caron dislosure

projet mentione in this reort inlue:



Greenpeace is an independent global

campaigning organisation that acts to

change attitudes and behaviour, to

protect and conserve the environment

and to promote peace.

Greenpeace is committed to stopping

climate change.

We campaign to protect the world’s

remaining ancient forests and the plants,

animals and peoples that depend on them.

We investigate, expose and confront

the trade in products causing forest

destruction and climate change.

We challenge governments and industry

to end their role in forest destruction

and climate change.

We support the rights of forest peoples.

Published by Greenpeace International

Ottho Heldringstraat 5

1066 AZ Amsterdam

The Netherlands

[email protected]

www.greenpeace.org/forests



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meat destroys rainforests

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