measuring progress: beyond gdp to new measures of wellbeing and progress a presentation for the nova...
TRANSCRIPT
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MEASURING PROGRESS:Beyond GDP to New Measures of Wellbeing
and Progress
A presentation for the Nova Scotia Planning Directors Association
May 17, Lord Nelson Hotel, Halifax
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What kind of world are we leaving our children...?
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... In experience and language of ordinary people
More possessions, longer lives, BUT
• Higher stress rates, obesity, childhood asthma, environmental illness
• Insecurity - safety, livelihood
• Decline of volunteerism
• Greater inequality; child poverty
• Natural resource depletion, species loss
• Global warming
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“The more the economy grows, the better off we are” - Sending the
wrong message?
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The Big Myth of Economic Growth
Resource depletion as economic gain = a poorer world for our children
More consumption, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, make economy grow, but are we better off
Crime, sickness, pollution, make economy grow —just because money is being spent.
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Current measures of progress send the wrong messages
GDP can grow even as poverty and inequality increase
More work hours make economy grow; free time has no value – affects health (stress)
GDP ignores work that contributes directly to community health (volunteers, work in home)
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Why We Need New Indicators - Policy Reasons:
“Economic growth = better off” sends misleading signals to policy-makers and local communities
Vital social, environmental assets ignored
Preventive initiatives to conserve and use resources sustainably, to reduce poverty, sickness and greenhouse gas emissions, are blunted and inadequately funded
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Indicators are Powerful
What we measure: reflects what we value as a
society; determines what makes it onto
the policy agenda; influences behaviour
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A good set of indicators can help communities:
foster common vision and purpose – the world we leave our children;
identify strengths and weaknesses;
change public behaviour;
hold leaders accountable at election time
initiate actions to promote wellbeing
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GPI Atlantic was founded to address that need
• Non-profit, fully independent research and education organization founded in 1997
• Located Halifax, Nova Scotia• Web site: www.gpiatlantic.org• New Canadian Index of Wellbeing• Working with Bhutan, New Zealand
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Measuring Wellbeing: In the GPI . .
Health, free time, unpaid work (voluntary and household), and education have value
Sickness, crime, disasters, pollution are costs
Natural resources (e.g. forests) are capital assets
Reductions in greenhouse gas, crime, poverty, ecological footprint are progress
Growing equity signals progress
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Natural
environment
Economy
Society
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Values, elements of wellbeing• Health
• Security
• Knowledge
• Community
• Freedom
• Ecological integrity
• Equity
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Towards Full Cost Accounting
Basic Principles and challenges:
• Expanded definition of capital: Natural, human, social, cultural, produced capital, but no common metric for measurement
• External -> internal benefits and costs
• Price non-market benefits and costs
• Fixed -> variable costs
Strengths: Enhances market efficiency, reduces needs for govt. regulation, provides more accurate, comprehensive information
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The Genuine Progress Index - Components
Time Use• Economic Value of Unpaid Childcare and Housework• Economic Value of Civic and Voluntary Work• Value of Leisure Time• Working Time and Employment
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Human Impact on the Human Impact on the EnvironmentEnvironment• Greenhouse Gas Emissions• Sustainable Transportation• Ecological Footprint Analysis• Solid Waste
Natural Capital• Soils and Agriculture• Forests• Marine Environment/Fisheries• Water Resources / Water Quality• Energy• Air Quality
Nova Scotia Genuine Progress Index: ComponentsNova Scotia Genuine Progress Index: Components
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Social Capital• Population Health• Educational Attainment• Costs of Crime
Living Standards• Income Distribution• Debt and Assets• Economic Security
Nova Scotia Genuine Progress Index: ComponentsNova Scotia Genuine Progress Index: Components
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GPI Transportation Accounts
• true cost of road transportation in Nova Scotia is > $6.4 billion annually
• average Nova Scotian spends about $3,036 a year directly and $4,562 indirectly
• 20 key indicators of sustainable transportation: 13 pointing in wrong direction
• Sprawl vs. smart growth
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A few transportation trends . . .Transport Patterns
Motorized mobility
Per capita annual vehicle kilometres
Transport mode split
Portion of passenger travel by automobile
Environmental Indicators
Energy efficiency
Per capita transportation energy consumption
Air pollution Per capita transportation air pollution emissions (based on index)
GHG emissions Transportation-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Land consumption
Total amount of land paved for transportation facilities
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Social Indicators
Commute mode split
Percentage of commuters who walk, bicycle, or use public transit
Commuter distance
Average commuting distance
Transit accessibility
Percentage of population who live within 500 m of transit station
Transportation accidents
Transport injuries and fatalities by mode
Economic Indicators
Government expenditures
Portion of government expenditures for transit
Household expenditures
Percentage of household transportation spending devoted to public transit
A few transportation trends . . .
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What does this mean for planning?
• Need to plan with these indicators in mind
• Land use planning is key
• Initiatives like transportation demand management, parking management and pricing, HOV lanes, improvement of active transportation options, etc. become more appealing and viable
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Goal: Changing Behaviour E.g. % Waste Diversion in Nova Scotia
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Can it be done?...1900s/1980s...
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Community GPI
• Strongest interest in GPI has been from local communities looking for ways to accurately assess their well-being
• Community GPI surveys were completed in Kings County and Glace Bay in 2000
• Data is now available for research and use• Ongoing work by non-profit societies in each
community• Future project: to bring community GPI to other
communities
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The Atlantic Canada Sustainability Initiative
The Atlantic Canada Sustainability Initiative (ACSI) is intended to build capacity and commitment among a diverse group of Atlantic organizations who will advance sustainable development within our own organizations and the Atlantic Region as a whole using the Natural Step Framework as a guide.
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ReThinking Development: Local Pathways to Global Wellbeing
The Second International Conference on Gross National
Happiness
St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NSJune 20 – 24, 2005
http://www.gpiatlantic.org/conference/conference.shtml
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• Over 450 delegates, including non-government, business, labour, academic, and youth leaders, from 33 countries
• Examined successful initiatives world-wide that integrate sustainable and equitable economic development with environmental conservation, social and cultural cohesion, and good governance
• Presenters included leading experts such as Marilyn Waring, Ray Anderson, Allan Savory, Ela Bhatt, John Ralston Saul, and many, many more!
ReThinking Development: Local Pathways to Global Wellbeing
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Building Sustainable Development: Transforming Atlantic Canada into a model of
socially and environmentally responsible development
Oak Island, NS November 18-19, 2005
http://www.gpiatlantic.org/conference/followup.htm
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• 84 participants from government, business, non-governmental organizations, academic community, youth leaders and interested individuals
• Focus on action in Atlantic Canada
• Large group discussion and brainstorm
• Small groups concentrating on individual issues
Building Sustainable Development
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• build capacity and competence within their organization to become better leaders in sustainable development
• implement a plan of action that advances sustainability within their organization through concrete actions
• serve as role models by sharing their own organization’s successes and lessons with respect to sustainability
• build an effective network that collaborates and supports progress towards sustainability
• build regional momentum towards sustainability by engaging citizens, organizations and governments within the Atlantic Region
• identify and act on opportunities collaboratively to help move the region towards sustainability
ACSI - Objectives
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Antigonish Sustainable Development Project (Town and County)
Atlantic Institute for Sustainability Bathurst Sustainable Development
Bell Aliant Halifax Regional Municipality
Halifax Shambhala Centre iNova Credit Union
Jacques Whitford Ltd. Just Us Coffee Roasters
P’lovers, the Environmental Store City of Saint John
Saint Margaret’s Bay Stewardship AssociationTown of StratfordTown of Wolfville
University of Prince Edward Island
ACSI – Sustainability Partners
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Thank You!
Comments? Questions?
Clare Levin, Managing Director, Genuine Progress Index (GPI) Atlantic,
[email protected], 902-489-2524
www.gpiatlantic.org