measurement of pollution level
TRANSCRIPT
To measure the elevated levels of different harmful gases existing in the
atmosphere of some of the busiest and crowded markets of the city.
Providing a clearer picture of the current scenario of pollution prevailing in the mainstream localities of Lahore.
Explains the increase in the amount of pollution with the help of tables and graphs.
Shows the wide variations of the amounts of gases currently present in the air from those of NEQS.
Provides an overview of the general awareness found among people regarding the issue of pollution.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.
Industrial WasteAgricultural Run off
Urban Waste
Concentrations taken at Anarkali, Urdu bazaar, Kalma Chowk and Ichra
Anarkali and Urdu Bazaar (db)
Rickshaw 94.3
Cars 73.5
Motor bikes 80.2
Van 81.2
Horn 101.2
Kalma Chowk and Ichra (db)
Rickshaw 85
Cars 80
Motor bikes 45
Van 75
Horn 98
Standard values established by NEQS = 70
Anarkali Urdu Bazaar Kalma Chowk Ichra
ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3
0.07 70 0.09 90 0.13 130 0.19 190
0.54 540 0.06 60 0.14 140 0.18 180
0.28 280 0.10 100 0.13 130 0.19 190
0.10 100 0.09 90 0.16 160 0.17 170
Anarkali Urdu Bazaar Kalma Chowk Ichra
ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3
0.17 170 0.07 70 0.12 120 0.09 90
0.10 100 0.15 150 0.15 150 0.14 140
0.10 100 0.09 90 0.10 100 0.12 120
0.09 90 0.07 70 0.08 80 0.15 150
Anarkali Urdu Bazaar Kalma Chowk Ichra
ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3
0.06 60 0.09 90 0.18 180 0.12 120
0.08 80 0.08 80 0.15 150 0.09 90
0.09 90 0.08 80 0.17 170 0.11 110
0.09 90 0.10 100 0.12 120 0.10 100
Average Values of NOx Readings
Anarkali Urdu Bazaar Kalma Chowk Ichra
115 95 112.5 125
NEQs standards for NOx:
Sources of Emissions Existing Standards
mg/m3
Revised Standards
mg/m3
Nitric Acid 400 3000
Manufacturing 400 400
Gas Fired 400 600
Oil - 1200
Gas -
Background Air
Quality
Am/Av Max
(24hour)
Tons/Year Max.Allowed
Ground Level
Unpolluted <50 <200 500 50
Low <50 200 500 50
High 100 400 100 -
Very polluted >100 >400 100 -
NEQs standards for Sox
Anarkali Urdu Bazaar Kalma Chowk Ichra
80 87.5 155 105
Average Values of SOx Readings
Average Values of CO Readings
Anarkali Urdu Bazaar Kalma Chowk Ichra
247.5 85 140 182.5
Primary Standards Secondary Standards
Pollutant Level Averaging Time Level Averaging Time
Carbon Monoxide
9 ppm (10 mg/m3)
8-hour None
35 ppm (40 mg/m3)
1-hour
Lead 0.15 µg/m3 Rolling 3-Month Average Same as Primary
1.5 µg/m3 Quarterly Average Same as Primary
Nitrogen Dioxide
0.053 ppm (100 µg/m3)
Annual (Arithmetic Mean)
Same as Primary
Particulate Matter (PM10)
150 µg/m3 24-hour Same as Primary
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
15.0 µg/m3 Annual (Arithmetic Mean)
Same as Primary
35 µg/m3 24-hour Same as Primary
Ozone 0.075 ppm (2008 std)
8-hour Same as Primary
0.08 ppm (1997 std)
8-hour Same as Primary
0.12 ppm 1-hour (Applies only in limited areas)
Same as Primary
Sulfur Dioxide
0.03 ppm Annual (Arithmetic Mean)
0.5 ppm(1300 µg/m3)
3-hour
0.14 ppm 24-hour
After having a look on the observed values and the standard values one can say that the pollution levels at all the sites (Anarkali, Urdu bazaar, Kalma Chowk, Ichra) are too much greater than standard values. So we can assume that how poor is the quality control in Pakistan. There is no law to check the pollution when it is above standard concentration. There is need to take preventive measures because as we know that our commercial areas are flooded with automobiles and are releasing high amounts of gases (SO ,NO, Co) and dust particles which greatly increase the respiratory diseases.
0%
90%
10%
Results
Clean
Polluted
Moderate
80%
20%0% Result
A source of health
impact certain areas
plays no role
10% 0%
40%10%
30%
10%
Result
CO2
NOX
SOX
CH4
CCL
CO2 NOX
SOX CH4
CCl I don’t know
70%
20%
10% 0%
Result
Cause disease
Cause mental anxiety
Hypertension
No effect
80%
15%
5%0%
Result
Yes
NO
I don't know
To some extent
40 %
30%
30%
0%
Result
Noise pollution
Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil pollution
Noise pollution Air pollution
Water pollution Soil pollution
YES NO
I don’t know To some extent
40%
50%
10%
0%
Result
Vehicles
industries
AC's/Refrigerators
Sprays/Perfumes
80%
8%10% 2%
ResultThrough T.v
Through Newspapers
Seminars
Clubs/Societies/NGOs
Through T.V Through newspapers
Seminars Clubs/societies/NGOs
Vehicles Industries
AC’s/Refrigerators Sprays/Perfumes
20%
40%
0%
40%
Result
Yes
No
I don't know
to some extent
YES NO
I don’t know To some extent
30%
10%30%
10% 20%
Result
through wrappers in the dust bin
Drive car with broken silencors
Use plastic shopping bags
Zahida UmarPresented By: