measure of biochemical methane potential (bmp) of by ... · measure of bmp of by-products, residues...

Conference

Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali – C.R.P.A. S.p.A.

Eco-innovative

Solutions for

Mediterranean

Wastes and

Wastewaters November 8th, 2014

Measure of Biochemical

Methane Potential (BMP) of

by-products, residues and

alternative crops typical of

the Mediterranean area M. Soldano,

L. Rossi, N. Labartino, C. Fabbri, S. Piccinini

Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali – CRPA Lab

Reggio Emilia

Measure of BMP of by-

products, residues

and alternative crops

typical of the

Mediterranean area

Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014

M. Soldano

Introduction

In the Mediterranean area, where the number of biogas plants

is increasing due to the greatest interest on anaerobic

digestion, the agro-industrial activities produce large amounts

of by-products and residues, which are partially or totally

unexploited and in some case represent significant

environmental problem.


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

By-products, residues and alternative crops typical of the

Mediterranean area, potentially usable in anaerobic digestion.

Some examples…

Citrus pulp

Grape stalks

Tobacco

Tomate peel

Arundo donax

Forages (pellet)

Biogas plant

Olive pomace


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

Anaerobic digestion plant has its own

equilibrium depending on the type of

biomass loaded and the plant/process

parameters adopted.

The knowledge of the Biochemical

Methane Potential (BMP) is the basic

element for feasibility study and the

construction of AD plant.

Biomass have its own molecular

composition and a maximum potential

production; it is important and necessary,

in addition to knowledge of material

properties, the assessment of their

quality through the analysis of chemical

compounds and the measure of methane

potential (BMP test) .

BMP– Biochemical Methane Potential


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

CRPA Lab

(more then 1200 BMP test )

- UNI EN ISO 11734:2004

- Manometric system

- 48 batch reactors (total volume 2,2 litre - useful 1,35 dm3)

Parameters test:

• SV inoculum:SV substrate ratio = 2

• Temperature 38 ± 0,2°C

• pH buffered

This parameter expresses the biogas/biomethane potentially available from

the degradation of a biomass. It is expressed in Nm3·kgVS-1 (volatil solid or

organic matter).

BMP– Biochemical Methane Potential

BMP static system (in batch)


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

Kmax

: the time taken to achieve the

maximum production speed (days)

Fmax

: the maximum anaerobic

degradability (%)

F50%: time taken to achieve 50% of the

biogas production (days)

F90%: time taken to achieve 90% of the

biogas production (days)

Biogas yield: Nm3/ton VS o Nm3/ton f.m. Methane yield: Nm3/ton VS o Nm3/ton f.m. Methane percentage: % Volatile solids degradability: %

BMP: Informations

obtained


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

BMP and chemical analysis: why evaluate

them...

To...

• quantify the biomass needed;

• verify compatibility with the type of plant and

farm structures (storages, mix system, hydraulic

retention time....);

• quantify digestate to manage;

• quantify nitrogen to manage;

• calculate biomethane production costs.


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

Chemical analysis of some biomass potentially

usable in AD plants

Biomass

Total solid (TS)

Volatile solid Total Nitrogen

g ·kg-1

g ·kg-1

% TS mg ·kg-1

% TS

“Alternative” crop

Arundo donax silage 301.2 272.7 90.5% 3838 1.3%

Arundo donax 314.5 282.5 89.8% 3860 1.2%

Tobacco 175.8 148.2 84.3% 6577 3.7%

Forage (pellet) 910.5 788.6 86.6% - -

By-products and residues

Processing olive residues 376.7 317.9 84.4% - -

Oil mill wastewater 50.3 39.2 78.0% 1396 2.8%

Tomato peels 234.7 224.9 95.8% 7787 3.3%

Olive pomace – phase 2 360.3 334.8 92.9% 5702 1.6%

Olive pomace – phase 3 256.8 236.7 92.2% 4298 1.7%

Rapeseed cake 880.1 828.5 94.1% 51443 5.8%

Grape stalks 213.0 198.6 93.2% 3032 1.4%

Cotton seeds 940.2 903.4 96.1% 32197 3.4%

Citrus pulp 149.8 137.1 91.5% 2020 1.3%


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

BMP results of some biomass: methane yield and

percentage in biogas

(*)Total solids= 32,7%, Volatile solids= 96,3% TS

f.m. = fresh matter

Biomass

BMP

Nm3CH4 ·t VS

-1 Nm

3CH4·t fm

-1 CH4 %

“Alternative” crop

Arundo donax silage 271.4 74.0 54.6%

Arundo donax 234.4 66.2 53.6%

Tobacco 206.0 30.5 62.8%

Forage (pellet) 257.2 202.8 52.9%

By-products and residues

Processing olive residues 165.4 52.6 56.2%

Oil mill wastewater 389.3 15.3 60.6%

Tomato peels 259.3 58.3 56.7%

Olive pomace – phase 2 193.0 64.6 66.8%

Olive pomace – phase 3 201.1 47.6 69.2%

Rapeseed cake 382.3 316.8 62.9%

Grape stalks 60.8 12.1 56.0%

Cotton seeds 298.7 269.9 63.0%

Citrus pulp 276.8 38.0 50.2%

Mais silage (*)

351.5 110.6 53.0%


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

Cumulative methane yields (30 days) of

some crops


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

Cumulative methane yields (30 days) of

some biomass


products, residues


typical of the

Mediterranean area


M. Soldano

Conclusion

Biogas yield of “alternative” crops, obtained by BMP test are high,

although lower than the average value of a standard maize silage;

agro-industrial biomass, such as tomato peels, citrus pulp, oil pomace

have good methane yields, but also a fair share of low degradability solid

whose use in anaerobic digestion may determine an increase of the

concentration of dry substance in the digesters;

the biogas production of these matrices can also increase the methane

potential of small anaerobic digestion plants, that usually use only

livestock effluent, and decrease the use of dedicated energy crops in large

plants.

Conference

Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali – C.R.P.A. S.p.A.

Eco-innovative

Solutions for

Mediterranean

Wastes and

Wastewaters November 8th, 2014

www.crpa .it

http://crpalab.crpa.it

[email protected]

Thanks for your attention

measure of biochemical methane potential (bmp) of by ... · measure of bmp of by-products, residues...

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