me, you and us; cultural assimilation of korean immigrants in the states 032410

8/9/2019 me, you and us; cultural assimilation of Korean immigrants in the states 032410

1/26

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2/26

podckPODCK haHA

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3/26

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?924 ybkf L& Bkjpht `k Jtkkjhk{t# o Atkfjb zkppckt gf Fky

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fky fopghf ykcjhmk` gtp{occw occ gmmgitofpz athm K{th~k gf

pbk dkcgka pbop pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz yh{c`


4/26

jbo~pktJBO^P KT


5/26


6/26

Hpbktz oti{k pbop

pbk mkcpgfi ~hp ~hcgjw `g`fhp ojbgkk

gpz `kjcotk`potik

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p{tk&

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ph pbk Mg|tobg gmmgitofpz&

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ph ~thhek ~kh~ck gfph kmgitopgfi& Pb{z mofw T{z

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ha 7; ~ktjkfp gf zhmk chjocgpgkz'# otk fhy zpopkckzz ~

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akf` pbk ojpghfz poekf oiogfzp pbkgt mgfhtgpw jhmm{

oz of o~~th~tgopk tkz~hfzk ph gcckioc mgitopghf jhf`{

{f`kt pbk okigz ha pbk hjj{~wgfi Zhgkp Otmw&


7/26

Bktk zbocc pbkw occ {fgpk ph

pbk Tk~{dcgj ha Mof` pbk Egfi`hm ha Ih`&

MKCPGFI H

Gf Omktgjo# bhykkt# ozzgmgcopghf boz fhp mkofp tk~{`gopgfi gmmgitof

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occhy pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz ph ~tkzktk gpz fopghfoc {fgpw gf pbk aojk ha pbk

bht`kz ha ~ktzhfz ha zjhtkz ha `gaaktkfp fopghfocgpgkz# gf pbk yht`z ha pbk

igzp Bkftw Aogtjbgc`&

O ~h~{cot yow ha ikppgfi bhc` ha pbk ozzgmgcopghf g`ko boz dkkf ph {zk o m

of` dw aot pbk mhzp ~h~{cot mkpo~bht boz dkkf pbop ha pbk mkcpgfi ~h

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of` wkcchy&&&Lky of` Ikfpgck&&&&Kozp of` Ykzp# of` Fhtpb of` Zh{pb# pbk ~


8/26


9/26

Pbk ~hgfp odh{p pbk

mkcpgfi ~hp&gz pbop gp `g` fhp bo

MKCPGFI H

DKWHF@ PB

Jtgpgjz ha pbk mkpo~bht bok z~offk` pbk g`khchigjoc z~kjpt{

zkktoc `gaaktkfp cgfkz ha oppoje hf gp& Km~gtgjgzpz z{dmgppk` k

mkcpgfi ~hp yozfp yhtegfi oz ~tk`gjpk` of` jhfjc{`k`# oz `g

of` @ofgkc optgje Mhwfgbof gf Dkwhf` pbk Mkcpgfi hp "?71:'#

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tkozhf pbop fopgk Omktgjofz zbh{c` igk {~ ofw ~otp ha pbkgt j

ph mkcp gfph pbk occhw& Ga pt{k ozzgmgcopghf yktk ph hjj{t# pbk

gmmgitofpz yh{c` bok ph odof`hf occ pbkgt j{cp{toc doiioik

Omktgjof yowz& Gp gz pbk gmmgitofp# zog` Aogtjbgc`# tk~tkzkfp

mofw Omktgjofz# ybh m{zp {f`ktih pbk kfpgtk ptofzahtmopgh

dkt ha pbk Omktgjof fopghfocgpw gz fhp jocck` {~hf ph jbofik gf


10/26

Pbk jhfjk~p ha

mkcpgfi ~hp zbh{c` oczhkfpogc mgrgfiha

otgh{z tojkz# fhp hfcw j{cp{tkz&

O pbgt` zptogf ha jtgpgjgzm yoz agtzp hgjk` dw zhjghchigzp Bhtojk

Eocckf gf pbk kotcw ~otp ha pbgz jkfp{tw& Omhfi pbk mhzp ~thcgagj

Omktgjof zjbhcotz ha kpbfgjgpw# Eocckf oti{k` pbop gp yoz fhp

hfcw {ftkocgzpgj d{p jt{kc of` botma{c ph ahtjk fky gmmgitofpz

ph zbk` pbkgt aomgcgot# cgakchfi j{cp{toc opptgd{pkz oz pbk ~tgjk ha

o`mgzzghf ph Omktgjof zhjgkpw& Gf ~cojk ha pbk mkcpgfi ~hp# bk

jocck` aht j{cp{toc ~c{tocgzm& Gf Eocckfz yht`z# fopghfoc ~hcgjw

zbh{c` zkke ph ~thg`k jhf`gpghfz {f`kt ybgjb kojb Uith{~]

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kfjk ha Omktgjof gmmgitofpz gf pbk kotcw ?7>>z of` odh{p

ybop bk jocck` pbk aogc{tk ha pbk Omktgjof mkcpgfi ~hp gf

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hapkf oczh Kozp of` Zh{pb K{th~kofz& Pbk mkcpgfi ~hp tkoc-gpw yoz cgmgpk` hfcw ph gfpktmgrgfi dkpykkf K{th~kofz ygpb o

zpthfi km~bozgz hf pbk Ofich-Zorhf j{cp{tk ybgck pbk gf~{p ha

mgfhtgpw j{cp{tkz yoz hfcw mgfht& Zhmk pbkhtgzpz `kkch~k`

o pbkhtw ha pbk ptg~ck mkcpgfi ~hp oti{gfi pbop gfpktmottgoik

yoz hjj{ttgfi dkpykkf otgh{z fopghfocgpgkz d{p hfcw ygpbgf

pbk pbtkk molht tkcgigh{z ith{~gfiz< ^thpkzpofp# Jopbhcgj# of`

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"ôttgcch# ?779'&

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pbk Kficgzb hfcw mhkmkfp ygpb krjc{zgk km~

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otgh{z tojkz# fhp hfcw j{cp{tkz& Ybgck ~thmhpgfi

gfi ha j{cp{tkz pbk {cpgmopk tkz{cp ha pbk Omktgjof

mkcpgfi ~hp bo~~kfk` ph dk pbk j{cp{tk ha ybgpk Ofi

mkf ygpb mgfgm{m gm~ojp ha hpbkt mgfhtgpw j{cp{t

hkt# pbk ozz{m~pghf pbop j{cp{tk gz o agrk` jhfzpt{jp

J{cp{tk zbh{c` dk `kagfk` mhtk dtho`cw oz pbk yow

~thojbkz cgak of` moekz zkfzk ha gp& Ith{~z dkcgkaz o

mgfk` dw jhf`gpghfz of` zh j{cp{tk gz o jhfpgf{h{z

ha jbofik of` gpz dh{fòtgkz otk ocyowz ~hth{z& Gf

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pktmgfk` of` tgig` ~bkfhmkfhf pbop yh{c` dk o~~th

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gfpkitopghf( gfjc{zghf ha mgfhtgpgkz# ybgck ahcchygfi pbk

~hp g`koc# hapkf tkz{cp gf ozzgmgcopghfgzp of` tojgzp h

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ht`kt ph kfbofjk {f`ktzpof`gfi# mgrgfi# of` m{p{

mkfp5 gf ~tojpgjk gp hapkf pkf`z ph gifhtk zgmgcotgpgkz

kfp tojkz oz gp `hkz fhp occhy ph gfjc{`k pbkm&


11/26

J[CP[TOC

^C[TOC G ZMGmmgitofpz ph pbk [&Z& zbh{c`

fhpmkcp gfph o jhmmhffopghfoc kpbfgj occhw&

J{cp{toc ~c{tocgzm tklkjpz mkcpgfi-~hp ozzgmgcopghfgzm fhp hf km~gtgjoc

ith{f`z# d{p hf g`khchigjoc hfkz& Eocckf of` bgz ahcchyktz dkcgkk` pbop gmmg-

itofpz ph pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz zbh{c` fhp mkcp gfph o jhmmhf f opghfoc kpbfgj oc-

chw d{p# topbkt# zbh{c` zpkoàozpcw bofi hf ph pbkgt j{cp{toc kpbfgjgpw of` dof`

phikpbkt aht zhjgoc of` ~hcgpgjoc ~{t~hzkz kkf oapkt ikfktopghfz ha tkzg`kfjk

gf pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz& Oz z{jb# j{cp{toc ~c{tocgzm gz fhp of ocpktfopgk pbkhtw ha

ozzgmgcopghf5 gp gz o pbkhtw h~~hzk` ph ozzgmgcopghf&

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j{cp{tocgzmybop G jocc kpbfgj ak`ktocgzm< haagjgoc tkjhifgpghf ha `gzpgfjp# kz-

zkfpgoccw agrk` kpbfgj ith{~z of` pbk `hcgfi h{p ha tkzh{tjkz dozk` hf mkm-

dktzbg~ gf of kpbfgj ith{~& Kpbfgj ak`ktocgzm kr~cgjgpcw tklkjpz pbk fhpghf ha o

ptofzjkf`kfp Omktgjof g`kfpgpw# pbk hc` g`ko pbop h{p ha kpbfgj `gktzgpw pbktk

yh{c` kmktik o zgfick# j{cp{toccw {fgagk` ~kh~ck& Gfzpko`# pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz gz

ph dk gkyk` oz o ozp kpbfgj ak`ktopghfJofoòz Ofich-Atkfjb ottofik-

mkfp# togzk` ph pbk fpb ~hykt& Qgkygfi kpbfgj Omktgjofz oz mkmdktz ha o ak`-

ktopghf topbkt pbof o {fghf# kpbfgj ak`ktocgzm# o&e&o& m{cpgj{cp{tocgzm# ozzktpz

pbop kpbfgj Omktgjofz bok pbk tgibp ph ~th~htpghfoc tk~tkzkfpopghf gf moppktz

ha ~hykt of` ~tggckik# pbk tgibp ph `kmof` pbop pbkgt fopgk j{cp{tk of` ~{-

popgk kpbfgj ofjkzphtz dk ojjht`k` tkjhifgpghf of` tkz~kjp# of` pbk tgibp ph

a{fjpghf gf pbkgt fopgk cofi{oik "kkf ga gp gz fhp pbk cofi{oik ha pbkgt dgtpb

ht pbkw fkkt ckotfk` ph z~koe gp'# fhp l{zp op bhmk d{p gf pbk ~{dcgj tkocm&

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cko`z ph of` l{zpgagkz kpbfgj jhfacgjp& Occ pbk fopghfz pbop bok kkt kmdtojk`

gp# athm W{ihzcogo ph Ckdofhf# athm Dkcig{m ph Jof oò# bok bo` ph cgk ygpb

~kt~kp{oc kpbfgj `gzjht`&


12/26

Eocckfz gkyz# bhykkt# zph~ zgifgagjofpcw zbhtp ha jhfpkm~h-

totw m{cpgj{cp{tocgzm gf pbkgt `kmof`z hf pbk cotikt fopgk

Omktgjof zhjgkpw& Aht Eocckf# j{cp{toc ~c{tocgzm yoz o `kakf-

zgk zptopkiw aht {fozzgmgcodck gmmgitofp kpbfgj ith{~z pbop

tkq{gtk` fh ojjhmmhòpghf dw pbk cotikt zhjgkpw& Jhfpkm-

~htotw m{cpgj{cp{tocgzpz# hf pbk hpbkt bof`# dw moegfi j{cp{toc

~c{tocgzm pbk dozgz ha kpbfgj ak`ktocgzm# kmof` jktpogf kpbfgj

tgibpz of` jhfjkzzghfz& Dw km~bozg|gfi pbk aogc{tk ha ozzgmgco-

pghf# m{cpgj{cp{tocgzpz bh~k ph ~thg`k gfpkcckjp{oc of` ~hcgpgjoc

z{~~htp aht pbkgt ~hcgjgkz&

Pbk ~c{tocgzpgj `kakfzk ha j{cp{toc `gktzgpw pw~gjoc ha Qgjh#

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yhtc` oz kpbfgj of` tojgoc ith{~z ygpbgf m{cpgkpbfgj zhjgkpgkz

bok gfjtkozgficw zh{ibp ph krktjgzk ~hcgpgjoc ~hykt of` tk-

pogf pbkgt j{cp{toc bktgpoik gf pbk aojk ha `kmof`z aht j{cp{toc

jhfahtmgpw& Gf pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz pbk ~toimopgzpz Bhtojk Mkwkt

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pbh{ib pbk Omktgjof ~hcgpgjoc pto`gpghf ha jcozzgjoc cgdktocgzm

jbom~ghfk` gf`gg`{oc tgibpz# gp aogck` ph krpkf` pbhzk tgibpz

ph gfjc{`k pbk tgibp ph dk j{cp{toccw gaaktkfp& Cgdktoc tgibpz b o`

ythficw ozz{mk` pbop mkf otk mkf mktkcw# oz cgek oz motdckz

of` `kzpgfk` {f`kt {fgahtmgpw ha jhf`gpghfz ph {fgahtmgpw ha

z~gtgp# Eocckf ythpk gf @kmhjtojw ktz{z pbk Mkcpgfi ^hp "~&

?7:'& Pbk tgibp ph j{cp{toc g`kfpgpw yoz kzzkfpgoc ph zkcabhh`#

bhykkt# of` Eocckf jocck` aht o Ak`ktoc tk~{dcgj# o `kmhj-

tojw ha fopghfocgpgkz# jhh~ktopgfi hc{fpotgcw of` o{phfhmh{z-

cw gf pbk kfpkt~tgzk ha zkca-tkocg|opghf pbth{ib pbk ~ktakjpghf ha

mkf ojjht`gfi ph pbkgt egf` "~& 44>'&

Zgmgcotcw Dh{tfkz ?7?1 kzzow Ptofzfopghfoc Omktgjo tkmgf`-

k` `hmgfofp Ofich-Zorhfz pbop kkf pbk kotcw jhchfgzpz `g`

fhp jhmk ph dk ozzgmgcopk` gf of Omktgjof mkcpgfi-~hp& Pbkw

`g` fhp jhmk ph o`h~p pbk j{cp{tk ha pbk Omktgjof Gf`gof "~&

407'& Dh{tfk oczh jocck` aht o jhzmh~hcgpof ak`ktopghf ha fo-

pghfoc jhchfgkz ygpbgf ybgjb kpbfgj ith{~z mktik d{p pbkw

`h fhp a{zk "~~& 4;2# 4;;'& Pb{z of gmmgitofp yh{c` dk dhpb

o Zktd of` of Omktgjof ht dhpb o Iktmof of` of Omktgjof #

aht krom~ck# oz `gaaktkfjk botmhfg|k` ygpb jhmmhf ith{f`&

Ocpbh{ib dhpb mkf jbocckfik` ybop yoz poekf dw mhzp Ofi-

ch-Zorhfz ph dk pbk odzhc{pk pt{pb tkiot`gfi ybop gp mkofp ph

dk of Omktgjof# Dh{tfk ykfp ykcc dkwhf` Eocckfz `kmofàht atkk`hm `kagfk` zgm~cw oz o ~tgopk tgibp ph dk `gaaktkfp&

Gfac{kfjk` dw pbk Kfcgibpkfmkfp# Eocckf ozzgifk` kpbfgjgpw ph

~tgopk cgak ybgck bk ~cojk` pbk ~{dcgj yhtc` gf pbk bof`z ha

pkjbfgjoc kr~ktpz& Dh{tfk# hf pbk hpbkt bof`# {tik` o fopghf-

oc jhccodhtopghf gf pbk jhfzpt{jpghf ha o fky fopghfoc j{cp{tk

dw occ tojgoc of` kpbfgj ith{~z gf pktmz tkmgfgzjkfp ha Bkt`kt&

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ktopghf gf `kpktmgfgfi pbk g`kocz of` ~{t~hzkz of` gf`{zptgoc

of` zhjgoc gfzpgp{pghfz ha o jh{fptw "~& 4;4'& Pb{z ybgck Eoc-

ckfz gzghf zktk` ph zptkfipbkf pbk `hmgfofjk ha kr~ktpz gf

pbk ~{dcgj z~bktk ha yhte of` ~hcgpgjz# Dh{tfk jocck` aht o Dk-

chk` Jhmm{fgpw pbop ~cojk` `kmhjtopgj ~otpgjg~opghf of`

o `gzj{zzghf ha oc{kz op pbk ktw jkfpkt ha ~{dcgj cgak "~& 410'&

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~c{tocgzm jhfzpgp{pk` o ~thpkof mhkmkfp gf pbk agtzp boca ha

pbk pykfpgkpb jkfp{tw gf pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz& ôtpgj{cotcw gm~ht-

pofp ojbgkkmkfpz gfjc{`k pbk kaahtpz ha Lhbf Jhccgkt "?220

?712' oz jhmmgzzghfkt ha Gf`gof Oaaogtz `{tgfi pbk o`mgfgzpto-

pghf ha Atofecgf Thhzkkcp ph hktp{tf pbk [&Z& ihktfmkfpz

~hcgjw ha ozzgmgcopghf ha pbk Omktgjof Gf`gof& @{k ph Jhccgktz

kaahtpz# Fopgk Omktgjofz tkiogfk` pbk tgibp ph pbkgt j{cp{tkz#

cof`z# of` ptgdoc ~hcgpgjoc gfzpgp{pghfz oapkt `kjo`kz ha `kfgoc&

Pbk Botckm Tkfogzzofjk ha pbk ?74>z oczh tkackjpk` pbk ~tgf-

jg~ckz ha j{cp{toc ~c{tocgzm& Ocogf Ckthw Chjek "?221?7;0'#

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Cgak jof dk zkkpbth{ib mofw ygf`hyz#

fhfk ha pbkm jckot hth~oq{k# ckzz ht mhtk

`gzphtpgfipbof pbk hpbktz&

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gf`{zptgoc jo~gpocgzp Omktgjo Oatgjof-Omktgjof ygz`

dko{pw gfzpko` ha pbk ozbkz ha mopktgocgzm&

@{tgfi pbk zkjhf` boca ha pbk p ykfpgkpb jkfp{tw# j{cp{

gzp pbh{ibp gf pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz yoz gfjtkozgficw kj

pbk cgfiktgfi jhmmgpmkfp ha cgdktoc gfpkcckjp{ocz ph pb

fhpghf ha j{cp{tk oz mktk z{~ktzpt{jp{tk ht oz `kpkt

pbk mhtk a{fòmkfpoc zpt{iick aht ~hykt& Fkktpb

fhtgpw ith{~z jhfpgf{k ph zpt{iick ph ojbgkk j{cp{t

tojw gf pbk kotcw pykfpw-agtzp jkfp{twz m{cpgj{cp{toc

Oz pbk Jofo`gof ~bgchzh~bkt Jbotckz Powcht# ahcchygf

boz oti{k`# dkgfi pt{k ph hfkzkca tkq{gtkz of ojef hy

dw dhpb zkca of` hpbkt ha pbk gf`gz~kfzodck thck ha j

pbk jtkopghf ha g`kfpgpw& Dkjo{zk j{cp{tk gm~otpz p

pgj{cot oz~kjpztkcgighf# cofi{oik# pto`gpghfzpbop

gf`gg`{oc ht ith{~ {fgq{k# pbk ahtjk` ozzgmgcopghf

pgkz ph pbk bkikmhfgj zpofòt` ha g`kfpgpw dw o molhtjhfzpgp{pkz o ahtm ha h~~tkzzghf of` ghckfjk ha pbk z

tkjhifgpghf boz ck` gf p{tf ph kaahtpz ph kr~of` pbk

pbkhtw ha cgdktocgzm ph gfjc{`k fhp hfcw o `kakfzk ha

{fgktzoc tgibpz d{p pbk tgibp ha ith{~z ph j{cp{toc `g

oz ykcc& J{cp{toc ~c{tocgzpz pbktkahtk zkke ph z{~~cof

mhfgzm ht odzhc{pgzm ygpb ~c{tocgzm dw tkjhfjgcgfi

fgpw ygpb `gktzgpw gf pbk mh`ktf yhtc`&


13/26

TO GFDHY

JHOCG PGHYk otk mhtk pbof o mkcpgfi yk otk o eockg`hzjh


14/26

Pbk m{cpgj{cp{tocgzpz tklkjpghf ha pbk mkcpgfi ~hp g`ko gz zkkf

gf pbk mkpo~bhtz pbkw ~th~hzk gf gpz ~cojk& Jggc tgibpz ojpg-

gzp Lkzzk Lojezhf z{iikzpk` pbop Omktgjofz otk mkmdktz ha

o togfdhy jhocgpghf& Ahtmkt Fky Whte Mowht @og` @gfegfz

zoy bgz jhfzpgp{kfpz jhfzpgp{pgfi o ihtikh{z mhzogj & Ahtmkt

Jhfitkzzyhmof Zbgtckw Jbgzbhcm jbotojpktg|k` Omktgjoz

kpbfgj ith{~z oz dkgfi cgek gfitk`gkfpz gf o zoco` dhyc& Dot-

doto Lhtòf# tkjkfp jbogt~ktzhf ha pbk [&Z& Jhmmgzzghf hf

Gmmgitopghf Tkahtm# zog`< Yk otk mhtk pbof o mkcpgfi-~hp5

yk otk o eockg`hzjh~k&

Pbkzk jh{fpkt-mkpo~bhtz occ zbotk o jhmmhf ~tkmgzk< pbop

kpbfgj ith{~z gf pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz mow cgk zg`k dw zg`k bot-

mhfgh{zcw# d{p hf pyh jhf`gpghfz pbop hktp{tf dhpb ozz{m~-pghfz ha pbk mkcpgfi-~hp mkpo~bht& Agtzp# gmmgitofpz "of`

dcoje Omktgjofz' zbh{c` fkkt bok ph "ht mowdk zbh{c` fhp

kkf yofp ph' igk {~ ofw ha pbkgt htgigfoc j{cp{toc opptgd{pkz&

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g`kfpgpw pbop occ Omktgjofz jof tkcopk ph& Pbkzk pyh ~tgfjg~ckz

otk pbk ah{fòpghfz ha j{cp{toc ~c{tocgzm# pbk ofpgpbkzgz ha oz-

zgmgcopghfgzm&

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kpbfgj j{cp{tkz# aht ~tojpgjoc tkozhfz of`(ht aht pbk zoek ha `g-

ktzgpw of` o~~cgk` ph pbk `kmhito~bgj moek-{ ~ ha o z~kjgagj

~cojk# {z{occw op pbk htiofg|opghfoc ckkc# k&i& zjbhhcz# d{zg-

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pgj{cp{tocgzpz o`hjopk krpkf`gfi kq{gpodck zpop{z ph `gzpgfjp

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kpbfgj# tkcgigh{z# of`(ht j{cp{toc jhmm{fgpw oc{kz oz jkfptoc&

~th~hfkfpz ha mj{cp{toc ~thitomz hapkf

jbotik m{cpgj{cp{tocgzygpb~tojpgjgf

j{cp{toc tkcopggzm&

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op ~thmhpgfi zhjgoc jhbkzghf dw tkjhifg|gfi `gzpgfjp ith{~z

ygpbgf o zhjgkpw of` occhygfi pbhzk ith{~z ph jkckdtopk of`

mogfpogf pbkgt j{cp{tkz ht j{cp{toc g`kfpgpgkz& Mofw jtgpgjz ha

`kcgdktopk`# ihktfmkfp-gfzpgp{pk` ~hcgjgkz dkcgkk pbkw otpg-

agjgoccw ~kt~kp{opk zhjgoc `ggzghfz# òmoigfi pbk zhjgoc jhbk-

zghf ha pbk fopghf-zpopk&

Bhykkt# ~th~hfkfpz ha m{cpgj{cp{toc ~thitomz oti{k pbop zh-

jgoc jhbkzghf boz phh hapkf dkkf ojbgkk` kgpbkt dw kr~cgjgp

`gzjtgmgfopghf oiogfzp j{cp{toc mgfhtgpw ith{~z# aht krom~ck#

coyz pbop tkzptgjp pbk atkk`hmz ha jktpogf ith{~z# ht dw of gm-

~cgjgp gzjtgmgfopghf ybgjb tklkjpz hpbkt j{cp{toc ahtmz oz dkgfi

ygpbh{p oc{k# aht krom~ck# zjbhhc ~thitomz pbop fkkt pkojbpbk bgzphtgj of` otpgzpgj jhfptgd{pghfz ha mgfhtgpgkz&

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~tojpgjgfi j{cp{toc tkcopggzm z{jb oz l{ìgfi j{zphmz of`

~tojpgjkz ha hpbkt j{cp{tkz gf pbkgt jhfpkrpz# hapkf jhfa{zgfi

pbgz ygpb mhtoc tkcopggzm "coje ha of g`ko ha tgibp of` ythfi'#

of` pbkw km~bozg|k pbop fhp occ j{cp{toc oc{kz of` ~tojpgjkz

m{zp dk bkc` gf kq{oc tkiot` gf kktw igkf zhjgkpw& Pbkw yotf

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kq{ocgpw dkahtk pbk coy# of` km~bozg|k pbop jgpg|kfzbg~ `k-

fhpkz of pojgp oitkkmkfp ph odg`k dw pbk coyz# j{zphmz of`

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ybh jbhzk ph kmgitopk athm odtho` ph lhgf pbkgt fkycw o`-

h~pk` zhjgkpw&

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jcogmgfi pbop ?' pbk gzz{k gz f hp j{cp{toc tkcopggzm d{p pbk ybgpk-

yozbgfi ha bgzphtw# g&k pbop bgzphtw boz dkkf ytgppkf ph ~cow {~

pbk jhfptgd{pghfz ha pbk `hmgfofp ith{~ of` ph `hyf~cow pbk#

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yktk kgpbkt gm~htpk` ht ~tkgh{zcw cggfi hf pbk cof`&

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j{cp{toc g`koc ha dkfgifcw jh-krgzpgfi j{cp{tkz pbop gfpkttkcopk

of` gfac{kfjk hfk ofhpbkt# of` wkp tkmogf `gzpgfjp# gz z{zpogf-

odck# ~oto`hrgjoc ht kkf `kzgtodck& Fopghf zpopkz pb

jozk ha mofw K{th~kof fopghfz# yh{c` ~tkgh{zcw b

zwfhfwmh{z ygpb o `gzpgfjpgk j{cp{toc g`kfpgpw ha p

chzk h{p ph kfahtjk` m{cpgj{cp{tocgzm of` pbop pbgz {

kth`kz pbk bhzp fopghfz `gzpgfjp j{cp{tk&

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zptgjpghfz gf pbk tgibpz of` atkk`hmz aht jktpogf ith

pbop oz z{jb# gp gz do` aht kmhjtojw# {f`kmhjtopgj of

{fgktzoc b{mof tgibpz& Aht gfzpofjk# Z{zof Mhcckt H

odh{p pbgz q{kzpghf gf bkt kzzow Gz M{cpgj{cp{tocgzm

Yhmkf8 "?777'&

Botot` ~thakzzht ha ~hcgpgjoc zjgkfjk Thdktp @& ^{p`{jpk` o fkotcw `kjo`k chfi zp{`w bhy m{cpgj{cp{

akjpz zhjgoc pt{zp& Bk z{tkwk` 41#4>> ~kh~ck gf 0> O

jhmm{fgpgkz# agf`gfi pbop ybkf pbk òpo yktk o`l{

jcozz# gfjhmk of` hpbkt aojphtz# pbk mhtk tojgoccw `

jhmm{fgpw gz# pbk itkopkt pbk chzz ha pt{zp& ^kh~ck gf

jhmm{fgpgkz `hfp pt{zp pbk chjoc mowht# pbkw `hfp

chjoc ~o~kt# pbkw `hfp pt{zp hpbkt ~kh~ck of` pbkw `

gfzpgp{pghfz# ytgpkz ^{pfom&


15/26

PBK

G@KHCHIGJOC

Z^KJPT[M

OJTHZZ

Dw dkgfijhm~kccgfi# g`kocgzpgj#pbk mkcpgfi-~hp g`ko boz bkc~k`

ph `gzjtk`gppbk ozzgmgcopghf ~oto`gim&

Ybgck occ pbkzk mkpo~bhtzgfjc{`gfi pbk mkcpgfi ~hpotk jhc-

hta{c yowz ha tk~tkzkfpgfi ozzgmgcopghf# pbkw hfp ih aot gf ig-

gfi hfk of ojj{topk {f`ktzpof`gfi ha ybop ozzgmgcopghf gz tk-

occw odh{p& Aht krom~ck# ojthzz pbk g`khchigjoc z~kjpt{m# pbkw

occ gfhek zhmk krpktfoc# gm~ktzhfoc ozzgmgcopgfi oikfp& Ybh#

krojpcw# gz pbk itkop ocjbkmgzp ha pbk mkcpgfi ~hp8 Ybop ahtjk

phzzkz pbk zoco` ht ~gkjkz phikpbkt pbk mhzogj8 Dw ~gjp{tgfi

ozzgmgcopghf oz of gm~ktzhfoc# o{phmopgj ~thjkzz of` pb{z

~cojgfi gp dkwhf` ofocwzgz# pbk mkpo~bhtz aogc ph gcc{mgfopk gpz

mhzp gm~htpofp zkjtkpz& Ozzgmgcopghf# ga gp gz ph z{jjkk`# m{zp

dk o hc{fpotw ~thjkzz# dw dhpb pbk ozzgmgcopgfi gmmgitofpz

of` pbk ozzgmgcopk`-ph fopgkz& Ozzgmgcopghf gz o b{mof ojjhm-

mh`opghf# fhp o mkjbofgjoc ~th`{jpghf&

Pbk mkpo~bhtz oczh mgzcko` oz ph pbk ~{t~hzkz ha ozzgmgcopghf&

Pbk mkcpgfi ~hp gz z{~~hzk` ph p{tf h{p of {f`gaaktkfpgopk`

occhwo {fgahtm# kpbfgjoccw fk{ptoc# Omktgjof ~thph~ktzhf&

Jtgpgjz bok chfi ~hgfpk` h{p pbop pbgz g`ko gz aot-akpjbk`& D{p

gz gp kkf `kzgtodck8 Of` ga gp gz `kzgtodck# `hkz gp tkoccw ahzpkto zbotk` fopghfoc g`kfpgpw8 Pbk itkopkzp aogcgfi ha pbk mkcpgfi-

~hp mkpo~bht gz pbop gp hkttkojbkz& G p kroiiktopkz pbk kitkk

ph ybgjb gmmgitofpz kpbfgjgpw gz cgekcw ph dk krpgfi{gzbk` dw

kr~hz{tk ph Omktgjof zhjgkpw of` gp kroiiktopkz pbk fkk` ph

krpgfi{gzb kpbfgjgpw& Dw dkgfi phh jhm~kccgfi# phh g`kocgzpgj#

pbk mkcpgfi-~hp g`ko boz gfo`ktpkfpcw bkc~k` ph `gzjtk`gp pbk

ktw ozzgmgcopghf ~oto`gim gp yoz mkofp ph jkckdtopk&

Hf pbk hpbkt bof`# dkbgf` pbkgt {fkrjk~pghfodck d

pbk ofpgpbkpgjoc j{cp{toc ~c{tocgzp mkpo~bhtz otk ~thah

zg`gh{z& Dw z{iikzpgfi pbop pbk ~th`{jp ha ozzgmgcopgh

kpbfgj jhkrgzpkfjk ygpbh{p gfpkitopghf# pbkw {f`kt

hdlkjpgkz ha ozzgmgcopghf# kkf ga pbkw o~~kot mhtk

Gz ozzgmgcopghf hfcw odh{p `gktzk kpbfgj ith{~z zbo

zomk fopghfoc z~ojk8 Pbop m{jb jof dk zog` aht ofw

fgj zhjgkpw& Ga pbk kpbfgj itkkfz ha pbk zoco` ht pbk at

ha pbk mhzogj `h fhp gfpktojp of` g`kfpgaw ygpb kojb

mkofgfia{c ozzgmgcopghf gz poegfi ~cojk&

Mkcpgfi hp jomk {f`kt agtk ybkf gp dkjomk o~~otkfp

mogfzptkom ~{dcgj bo` fh gfpkfpghf ha mkcpgfi ygp

hpbkt tojkz of` j{cp{tkz& Z{dzkq{kfpcw# Omktgjof

pghf ~hcgjgkz dkjomk tkzptgjpgk dozk` hf tojk# of

ha zpopk z~hfzhtk` tojgzm gfpkf`k` phyot`z tk`{jgf

ktzgpw ha pbk mkcpgfi ~hp "Co{dkh'& M{jb boz dkk

odh{p pbk zh-jocck` mwpb ha pbk mkcpgfi ~hp pbkh

Dhhpb'& Bhykkt# pbk mkpo~bht boz ~ktzgzpk` of` k~ybop zhmk Omktgjofz zkk oz of g`koc mh`kc aht pbgz j

Pbk mkcpgfi ~hp pbkhtw# oczh tkakttk` ph oz j{cp{toc ozz

tkhckz oth{f` pbk ofochiw pbop pbk gfitk`gkfpz g

"~kh~ck ha `gaaktkfp j{cp{tkz of` tkcgighfz' otk jhm

oz ph chzk pbkgt `gzjtkpk g`kfpgpgkz of` wgkc` o agfoc ~t

{fgahtm jhfzgzpkfjw of` acoht# ybgjb gz q{gpk `gaakt


16/26

pbk htgigfoc gf~{pz& Pbgz g`ko `gaaktz athm hpbkt ofochigkz# ~ot-

pgj{cotcw pbk zoco` dhyc ofochiw ybktk pbk gfitk`gkfpz otk kf-

jh{toik` ph tkpogf pbkgt j{cp{toc g`kfpgpgkz# pb{z tkpogfgfi pbkgt

gfpkitgpw of` acoht ybgck jhfptgd{pgfi ph o pozpw of` f{ptg-

pgh{z zoco`& Wkp ofhpbkt ahh` ofochiw gz pbo p ha pbk kpbfgj zpky#

ybktk pbktk gz o ckkc ha jhm~thmgzk dkpykkf gfpkitopghf of`

j{cp{toc `gzpgfjpgkfkzz&

Ybop pbkzk ahh` ofochigkz bok gf jhmmhf gz of o~~tkjgopghf

pbop kojb ha pbkzk kpbfgjgpgkz boz zhmkpbgfi ph jhfptgd{pk ph

pbk zhjgkpw oz o ybhck& Dw jhm~otgfi kpbfgj of`(ht j{cp{toc

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fhp dk pbk zomk ga zhmk gzpgfjp gfitk`gkfp yktk mgzzgfi& Bhy-

kkt# gf pbk mkcpgfi ~hp ofochiw# pbgz ~tkmgzk gz pbk ckozp o~-

~otkfp of` jof dk jtgpgjg|k` aht gpz gzmgzzgkcw zgm~cgzpgj zhjgoc

pbkhtgkz& Pbgz gz hfk o~~th~tgopk koc{opghf ha pbk ykoefkzzkz

ha pbk mkcpgfi ~hp of` pbk phzzk` zoco` ofochigkz Thdktp ôte hdzktk`# Ozzgmgcopghf gz pbk fomk ig

~thjkzz ht ~thjkzzkz dw ybgjb ~kh~ckz ha `gktzk tojgoc ht

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j{cp{toc zhcgòtgpw z{aagjgkfp op ckozp ph z{zpogf o fopghfoc kMhtk tkjkfpcw# Tgjbot` Ocdo `kagfk` ozzgmgcopghf oz chfi-

jkzzkz pbop bok ybgppck` oyow op pbk zhjgoc ah{fòpghfz

`gzpgfjpghfz& D{p ozzgmgcopghf gz mhtk jhm~ckr pbof pbop d

gz o ~thjkzz ha f{mkth{z `gmkfzghfz& Fhp occ gmmgitofpz o

ith{~z ozzgmgcopk gf krojpcw pbk zomk yow ht op pbk zomk z~


18/26

Bogfi gmmgitofpz g`kfpgawozOmktgjofz gz#

ha jh{tzk# pbk ybhck~hgfphaozzgmgcopghf&

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jht` kojb hpbkt ckigpgmojw& Pbop gz# kojb ith{~ m{zp dkcgkk

pbk hpbkt boz o ckigpgmopk tgibp ph dk gf pbk [fgpk` Zpopkz of`

pbop gpz mkmdktz otk kfpgpck` ph ~{tz{k# dw occ ckioc mkofz#

pbkgt cgkcgbhh` of` bo~~gfkzz oz pbkw zkk agp& Zkjhf`# gmmg-

itofpz m{zp bok jhm~kpkfjk ph a{fjpghf ka akjpgkcw gf Omktg-

jof yhte~cojkz of` gf occ pbk fhtmoc Omktgjof zhjgoc zkppgfiz&

Gmmgitofpz otk kr~kjpk` ph zkg|k kjhfhmgj h~~htp{fgpgkz of`

ph ~otpgjg~opk# op zhmk ckkc# gf pbk zhjgoc cgak ha Omktgjof zh-

jgkpw# of` fopgkz m{zp fhp ikp gf pbkgt yow& Pbgt`# gmmgitofpz

m{zp dk kfjh{toik` ph krktjgzk jggj tkz~hfzgdgcgpw# mgfgmoccw

dw dkgfi coy-odg`gfi mkmdktz ha Omktgjof zhjgkpw# tkz~kjp-

a{c ha pbkgt akcchy jgpg|kfz# of` h~pgmoccw oz ojpgk ~otpgjg~ofp z

gf pbk ~hcgpgjoc ~thjkzz& Ah{tpb# of` mhzp kzzkfpgoc# gmmgitofpz

m{zp g`kfpgaw pbkmzkckz oz Omktgjofz# ~cojgfi pbop g`kfpgag-

jopghf obko` ha ofw ozzhjgopk` ygpb pbkgt dgtpb~cojk ht kpbfgj

bhmkcof`# of` pbkgt ygccgfifkzz ph h zh m{zp dk tkjg~thjopk`

dw pbk yotm kmdtojk ha fopgk Omktgjofz&

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jhfahtm ph pbkzk jtgpktgo otw# d{p kojb `gmkfzghf gz jtgpgjoc

of` gfpkt`k~kf`kfp ygpb pbk hpbktz& Pbk odzkfjk ha ckigpgmo-

jw dtkk`z kpbfgj jhfacgjp dkpykkf fopgkz of` gmmgitofpz o f`

omhfi mkmdktz ha `gaaktkfp kpbfgj ith{~z& Pbk odzkfjk ha

jhm~kpkfjk ekk~z gmmgitofpz athm dkgfi kjhfhmgjoccw of`

zhjgoccw gfpkitopk` gfph pbk cotikt zhjgkpw of` dtkk`z ocgkfopghf

omhfi pbk gmmgitofpz of` tkzkfpmkfp ha pbkgt `k~kf`kfjk

omhfi fopgkz& Pbk odzkfjk ha jggj tkz~hfzgdgcgpw ekk~z gm-

mgitofpz athm dkgfi gfhck` gf mofw jt{jgoc kjgzghfz pbop oa-

akjp pbkgt cgkz of` a{tpbkt jhfptgd{pkz ph pbkgt ocgkfopghf& Bo-

gfi gmmgitofpz g`kfpgaw oz Omktgjofz gz# ha jh{tzk# pbk ybhck

~hgfp ha ozzgmgcopghf# d{p z{jb g`kfpgagjopghf `k~kf`z bkogcw

hf pbk a{cagccmkfp ha pbk hpbkt pbtkk jtgpktgo&


19/26

jbo~pktJBO^PKT44


20/26


21/26


22/26


23/26


24/26

GMMGITOPGHF EHTKO !PBK [Z


25/26

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26/26

Ehtkof-Omktgjofz ybh{f`ktzpof` of`(ht z~koe Ehtkof

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me, you and us; cultural assimilation of korean immigrants in the states 032410

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