mcj312 graphic design: 02 history of graphic design
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INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHIC DESIGN
History of Graphic DesignMCJ 312 GRAPHIC DESIGNLijie Zhou
We will talk aboutThe Birth of Graphic Design: 30,000 years ago; 550 years ago; 19th CenturyModernism: 1908-1933Postmodernism: 1970s
The Birth of Graphic Design
Newspaper Rock, Utah2,000 years ago Photo credit: Lijie Zhou(a) 30,000 years: Cave painting
Irrigation System Map, Turpan, China475BC-221BCPhoto credit: Lijie Zhou
Photo credit: Lijie Zhou
Johannes Gutenberg (1395?-1468)
(b) 550 years ago: Guenbergs invention of the printing press and its use of movable type
*(c) 19th Century: Art Nouveau The Industrial Revolution: Growth of population centers, industry, economy
Machines and large-scale production1824 The first photographic metal engraving1852 The first halftone screen1868 The first automated steam press for lithography1893 Color printing technology1906 The first offset pressInterrelationship of materials, process, and philosophy
Needs for the dissemination of information
Poster Advertising for the Palais de Glace on the Champs Elysees By Jules Cheret
Pen-and-ink drawing for an illustration in Oscar Wildes Salome By Aubrey Beardsley
Cover illustration for Success 1901 By Maxfield Parrish
Advertising poster 1908By Ludwig Holwein
Trade card: Early form of business cards
Arts and crafts movementRejected mass-produced, inhuman product of the machineEmphasized quality over quantityFavor of good craftsmanship and clean design
By William Morris 1894
Modernism (1908-1933)Movements:CubismFuturismPlakatstilSuprematismDadaDe StijlThe BauhausConstructivism
Futurism (1909): the machines of Industrial Age would lead to a better future
Armored Train in ActionBy Gino Severini 1915
Futurism: 13
Dada (1916): Questioning meaningChallenging criteriaCrating unexpected visual effectsPhotomontage (important distribution)Intentional disorder
By Hannah Hoch 1919Cover of Der Dada , 1920
Constructivism (1917)The Russian RevolutionCombination of political propaganda and commercial advertising.Goals of Soviet society
Film poster for Kino GlazBy Aleksandr Rodchenko 1924
By El Lissitzky 1929
Bauhaus (1919)The School of Applied Arts and Crafts (1906) closed during WWIReopened as Bauhaus school in Germany in 1919Graphic, product, furniture and architecture designSimple, clear and functional designEqual importance of arts and craftsPersonal expression is less important than order and clarity
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Bauhaus in graphic designJosef Albers: color and structural relationships, color is relative to the colors surrounding it.
Bauhaus in graphic designLaszlo Moholy-Nagy: photography with typography as illustration. Camera as a design tool Herbert Bayer: Typeface
Using extreme contrast of weight and size to establish a visual hierarchy instead of using capital letters
By Emil Ruder
Emil Ruder: Layout design (using formal grid elements)
Poster for Kunstgewerbe museumBy Josef Muller-Brockmann 1960
* Poster for AEG light bulbs By Peter Behrens 1901
Art deco (1925)Figurative image with Rich colors, Bold geometric shapesLavish ornamentation
By A.M. Cassandra
Art Deco22
SurrealismThe unconscious mind in dream imagesIrrational, fantastic designWith incongruous subject matterDifferent from Dada
The False Mirror 1928By Rene Maritte
Advertising poster for Chemidai Bank By Matt Zumbo A Sunday on La Grande Jatte By Georges Seurat
Postmodernism (1970s)Question the modernist concept of constant innovation and progress.Not following any rational order, formal organization, and traditional conventionsRetro, Techno, Punk, Grunge, Beach, Parody, and PasticheOne unified graphic styleMore ways to go against the system
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By Tadanori YokooVisual complexity of Japanese postmodernism
The FiferBy Eduoard ManetMichelangelos Medici tombs
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The Development of Computer GraphicsThe Moving Dot (1953): Display of a bouncing ball to calculate and show military targets (By MIT for Defense Department of the United States)First light pen (1962): A light pen touched to screen and could draw a line (By MIT).Animation:Invention of tweening3-D animation with Depth cueing (1970s)
Tweening allows the animator to omit several stages of the animation and to concentrate on creating key steps. The computer draws the in-between stages.Depth cueing: display the information in the background lighter than the image in the front to enhance the realism of the animations27
Painting and drawing (1980s)
By David Em 1979
Layered Design (1980s): Layered structureImage overlapRich visual texture
Cranbrook recruiting poster By Katherine McCoy 1989