Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION

Direct energy outward Direct energy outward toward people and thingstoward people and things

Orientation – after Orientation – after thinkersthinkers

Work EnvironmentWork Environment Action-orientedAction-oriented Prefer to be around Prefer to be around

othersothers Many interestsMany interests

Direct energy inward Direct energy inward toward ideas and conceptstoward ideas and concepts

Orientation – fore thinkersOrientation – fore thinkers Work EnvironmentWork Environment

Quiet and concentratedQuiet and concentrated Prefer to be alonePrefer to be alone Interests have depthInterests have depth

SENSING INTUITION Focus on five Focus on five

senses(experience)senses(experience) Details, practicality, Details, practicality,

realityreality Work EnvironmentWork Environment

Prefer learned skillsPrefer learned skills Pay attention to detailsPay attention to details Make few factual Make few factual

errorserrors

Focus on the Focus on the possibilities(sixth sense)possibilities(sixth sense)

Patterns and expectationsPatterns and expectations Work EnvironmentWork Environment

Prefer adding new Prefer adding new skillsskills

Looks at the big pictureLooks at the big picture Patient with complexityPatient with complexity

THINKING FEELING Focus – logic of a Focus – logic of a

situation, truth and situation, truth and principlesprinciples

Work Environment – Work Environment – brief and businesslikebrief and businesslike

Contributions – Contributions – intellectual criticism, intellectual criticism, solutions to problems solutions to problems

Focus – human values Focus – human values and needs, people and and needs, people and harmonyharmony

Work Environment – Work Environment – friendly and personalfriendly and personal

Contributions – loyal Contributions – loyal support, care and support, care and concern for othersconcern for others

JUDGING PERCEPTION Attitude – decisive, Attitude – decisive,

planful, self-planful, self-regimented, regimented, purposefulpurposeful

Work Environment – Work Environment – focus on completing focus on completing tasks, makes decisions tasks, makes decisions quicklyquickly

Attitude – curious, Attitude – curious, spontaneous, flexible, spontaneous, flexible, adaptable, tolerantadaptable, tolerant

Work Environment – Work Environment – focus on starting tasks, focus on starting tasks, postpones decisionspostpones decisions

ST FunctionST Function SF FunctionSF Function NF FunctionNF Function NT FunctionNT Function

ISTJISTJ ISFJ ISFJ INFJINFJ INTJINTJ

ISTPISTP ISFPISFP INFP INFP INTPINTP

ESTPESTP ESFPESFP ENFP ENFP ENTPENTP

ESTJESTJ ESFJESFJ ENFJENFJ ENTJENTJ

ST Function

Pay attention to details and the reality of Pay attention to details and the reality of any given situationany given situation

Focus on the past and the present and are Focus on the past and the present and are often characterized by a serious, no often characterized by a serious, no nonsense demeanornonsense demeanor

Communication to others is often about Communication to others is often about costs, schedules and other basic factscosts, schedules and other basic facts

SF Function Pay attention to facts and details of a situation and Pay attention to facts and details of a situation and

organize this concrete information according to organize this concrete information according to the values they hold and the importance the info the values they hold and the importance the info has for themselves and othershas for themselves and others

Focus on the immediate past and current needs of Focus on the immediate past and current needs of each person in their careeach person in their care

Often characterized by a friendly demeanorOften characterized by a friendly demeanor Communication is based on their own and others’ Communication is based on their own and others’

needsneeds

NF Function Pay attention to insights and to what could be done Pay attention to insights and to what could be done

instead of what is. Like to discuss values and instead of what is. Like to discuss values and relationshipsrelationships

Concerned about the future and how people’s goals Concerned about the future and how people’s goals and aspirations can be achievedand aspirations can be achieved

Characterized by an inspirational demeanorCharacterized by an inspirational demeanor Organize their communication by paying attention to Organize their communication by paying attention to

what people in general valuewhat people in general value Communicate easily with others about team, Communicate easily with others about team,

community, and organizational needs & valuescommunity, and organizational needs & values

NT Function Focus on relationships between theories and Focus on relationships between theories and

structures and organize this info by logical structures and organize this info by logical analysis of cause and effectanalysis of cause and effect

Focus on the futureFocus on the future Often characterized by an analytical, Often characterized by an analytical,

quizzical demeanorquizzical demeanor Communicate with others about strategies, Communicate with others about strategies,

visions, and potentialsvisions, and potentials

STST SFSF NFNF NTNT

ISTJISTJ

SJSJ

ISFJ ISFJ

SJSJ

INFJINFJ INTJINTJ

ISTPISTP

SPSP

ISFPISFP

SPSP

INFP INFP INTPINTP

ESTPESTP SPSP

ESFPESFP

SPSP

ENFP ENFP ENTPENTP

ESTJESTJSJSJ

ESFJESFJSJSJ

ENFJENFJ ENTJENTJ

Type Differences in Close Relationships (E vs. I)Extraverts Need:Extraverts Need: Sufficient external Sufficient external

stimulationstimulation Reach decisions by talking Reach decisions by talking

them out and getting them out and getting feedbackfeedback

May experience I’s style May experience I’s style as excluding them and as excluding them and robbing them of mutual robbing them of mutual sharingsharing

Introverts Need:Introverts Need: Sufficient “alone time”Sufficient “alone time” Reach decisions by Reach decisions by

processing them internally processing them internally and sharing final decisionand sharing final decision

May experience E’s style May experience E’s style as intrusive and as intrusive and controllingcontrolling

Type Differences in Close Relationships (S vs. N) Sensing partners Sensing partners

with strong with strong grounding in reality grounding in reality can make Intuitive can make Intuitive partners feel partners feel impractical and impractical and unobservantunobservant

Intuitive partners Intuitive partners with rapid insights with rapid insights can make Sensing can make Sensing partners feel slow partners feel slow and mundaneand mundane

Type Differences in Close Relationships (T vs. F) Thinking favors an Thinking favors an

objective , logical objective , logical approach to arrive at approach to arrive at truthtruth

Can become irritated Can become irritated when Feeling type when Feeling type appears to ignore the appears to ignore the logic of a situation logic of a situation

Feeling favors a Feeling favors a subjective, personal subjective, personal approach that arrives approach that arrives at harmonyat harmony

Can feel hurt when Can feel hurt when Thinking type appears Thinking type appears to be cold, uncaring, to be cold, uncaring, and hypercriticaland hypercritical

Differences in Thinking and Feeling are Prone to Gender Stereotyping Thinking is often confused with intellectual Thinking is often confused with intellectual

competence and lack of emotioncompetence and lack of emotion Feeling is often confused with intellectual fuzziness Feeling is often confused with intellectual fuzziness

and excessive emotinalityand excessive emotinality Thinking is often perceived as the province of Thinking is often perceived as the province of

males and Feeling for femalesmales and Feeling for females Thinking-Feeling differences are often seen as Thinking-Feeling differences are often seen as

gender differences (e.g., Thinking women may see gender differences (e.g., Thinking women may see Feeling men as unmasculine and Feeling men may Feeling men as unmasculine and Feeling men may perceive Thinking women as unfeminine)perceive Thinking women as unfeminine)

Thinking Types can Improve Relationships with Feeling Types by: Voicing appreciation before giving Voicing appreciation before giving

criticismcriticism Making critical comments only when Making critical comments only when

necessary rather than as a natural, automatic necessary rather than as a natural, automatic response to the partner and the worldresponse to the partner and the world

Type Differences in Close Relationships (J vs. P)

Judging partner likely to Judging partner likely to value order and value order and predictability in his or predictability in his or her surroundingsher surroundings

More likely to value More likely to value careful planningcareful planning

Like closure and concrete Like closure and concrete plans (vacations)plans (vacations)

Perceiving partner Perceiving partner more likely to value more likely to value spontaneity and spontaneity and freedomfreedom

More likely to value More likely to value “flying by the seat of “flying by the seat of their pants”their pants”

Like weighing all the Like weighing all the options (furniture)options (furniture)

Occupational Trends of 16 TypesISTJISTJ

Management, AdministrationManagement, AdministrationLaw enforcement , AccountingLaw enforcement , AccountingOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their experiences and attention can use their experiences and attention to detail to get the task doneto detail to get the task done

ISFJISFJEducation, Health Care, Religious Education, Health Care, Religious settingssettingsOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can draw on their base experience to can draw on their base experience to personally help people in a behind-the-personally help people in a behind-the-

scenes mannerscenes manner ISTPISTP

Skilled trades, technical fields, Skilled trades, technical fields, agriculture, law enforcement, agriculture, law enforcement, MilitaryMilitaryOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their hands-on, analytical work can use their hands-on, analytical work with data or thingswith data or things

ISFPISFPHealth care, Business, Law Health care, Business, Law EnforcementEnforcementOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their gentle, service-related can use their gentle, service-related attentiveness to detailattentiveness to detail

Occupational Trends of 16 TypesINFJINFJ

Religion, counseling, teaching, artsReligion, counseling, teaching, artsOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can facilitate emotional, intellectual, or can facilitate emotional, intellectual, or spiritual developmentspiritual development

INTJINTJScientific or technical fields, Scientific or technical fields, computers, lawcomputers, lawOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their intellectual creativity and can use their intellectual creativity and technical knowledge to conceptualize, technical knowledge to conceptualize, analyze, and get the task done.analyze, and get the task done.

INFPINFPCounseling, Writing, ArtsCounseling, Writing, ArtsOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their creativity and focus on can use their creativity and focus on their valuestheir values

INTPINTPScientific or Technical FieldsScientific or Technical FieldsOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their solitary, objective can use their solitary, objective analysis of problems based on their analysis of problems based on their technical expertisetechnical expertise

Occupational Trends of 16 TypesESTPESTP

Marketing, skilled trades, Business, Marketing, skilled trades, Business, Law enforcement, Applied Law enforcement, Applied TechnologyTechnologyOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their action-oriented focus to can use their action-oriented focus to attend to the necessary detailsattend to the necessary details

ESFPESFPHealth care, Teaching, Coaching, Health care, Teaching, Coaching, Childcare worker, Skilled TradesChildcare worker, Skilled TradesOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their outgoing nature and can use their outgoing nature and enthusiasm to help people with their enthusiasm to help people with their practical needspractical needs

ESTJESTJManagement, Administration, Law Management, Administration, Law EnforcementEnforcementOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use logic and organization of the can use logic and organization of the facts to get the task donefacts to get the task done

ESFJESFJEducation, Health Care, ReligionEducation, Health Care, ReligionOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use their personal concern to can use their personal concern to provide services to othersprovide services to others

Occupational Trends of 16 TypesENFPENFP

Counseling, Teaching, Religion, ArtsCounseling, Teaching, Religion, ArtsOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use creativity and communication can use creativity and communication to foster the growth of othersto foster the growth of others

ENTPENTPScience, Management, Technology, Science, Management, Technology, ArtsArtsOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they have the opportunity to take on new have the opportunity to take on new challenges continuallychallenges continually

ENFJENFJReligions, Arts, TeachingReligions, Arts, TeachingOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can help others with their emotional, can help others with their emotional, intellectual, and spiritual growthintellectual, and spiritual growth

ENTJENTJManagement, LeadershipManagement, LeadershipOr any other occupations where they Or any other occupations where they can use tough-minded analysis, can use tough-minded analysis, strategic planning, and organization to strategic planning, and organization to get the task doneget the task done

Type and Work Environments

Extraverts..Extraverts.. Like variety and actionLike variety and action Tend to be faster, Tend to be faster,

dislike complicated dislike complicated procedures (ES)procedures (ES)

Good “greeters” (EF)Good “greeters” (EF) Impatient with long, Impatient with long,

slow jobs done aloneslow jobs done alone

IntrovertsIntroverts Like quiet for Like quiet for

concentrationconcentration Careful with details (IS)Careful with details (IS) Trouble with names & Trouble with names &

faces (IT)faces (IT) Can work for long periods Can work for long periods

of time on a project of time on a project without interruptionswithout interruptions

Type and Work Environments

Extraverts..Extraverts.. Interested in activities of their Interested in activities of their

job, getting it done, and how job, getting it done, and how others do itothers do it

Do not mind telephone (EF)Do not mind telephone (EF) Act quickly, sometimes without Act quickly, sometimes without

thinking it throughthinking it through Like people around (EF)Like people around (EF) Communicate freely (EF)Communicate freely (EF)

Introverts..Introverts.. Interested in details & Interested in details &

ideas behind jobideas behind job Dislike telephone (IT)Dislike telephone (IT) Think before acting, Think before acting,

sometimes without sometimes without actingacting

Work alone (IT)Work alone (IT) ““In their heads” (IT)In their heads” (IT)

Type and Work Environments

Sensing..Sensing.. Focus on here and now and Focus on here and now and

realityreality Standard ways of solving Standard ways of solving

problemsproblems Preferred established order for Preferred established order for

doing things (SJ)doing things (SJ) Preferring using and perfecting Preferring using and perfecting

learned skillslearned skills Steady workers with realistic Steady workers with realistic

assessment of time (ISJ)assessment of time (ISJ)

Intuitive..Intuitive.. Focus on future and what Focus on future and what

might bemight be Solving problems in new Solving problems in new

waysways Dislike routine (NP)Dislike routine (NP) Enjoy learning new skill Enjoy learning new skill

more than using itmore than using it Bursts of energy with Bursts of energy with

slack times (ENP)slack times (ENP)

Type and Work Environments

Sensing..Sensing.. Reach a conclusion step by step Reach a conclusion step by step

(ISJ)(ISJ) Patient with details (ISJ)Patient with details (ISJ)

Impatient when situations get Impatient when situations get complicated (ES)complicated (ES)

Not often inspired, mistrust Not often inspired, mistrust inspirationinspiration

Seldom make factual errorsSeldom make factual errors Good at precise work (IS)Good at precise work (IS) Create new by adapting oldCreate new by adapting old

Intuitive..Intuitive.. Reach an understanding quickly Reach an understanding quickly

(ENP)(ENP) Impatient with routine details Impatient with routine details

(ENP)(ENP) Patient with complex situations (IN)Patient with complex situations (IN) Follow inspirations regardless of Follow inspirations regardless of

datadata Make errors of fact, preferring big Make errors of fact, preferring big

picturepicture Dislike precision (time)Dislike precision (time) Create something new with Create something new with

personal insightpersonal insight

Type and Work Environments

Thinking..Thinking.. Like analysis and orderingLike analysis and ordering Can get along without harmonyCan get along without harmony Tend to be firm mindedTend to be firm minded Do not show emotion readily Do not show emotion readily

and often uncomfortable with and often uncomfortable with others’ feelingsothers’ feelings

May hurt others’ feelings May hurt others’ feelings without knowing itwithout knowing it

Decide impersonally, sometimes Decide impersonally, sometimes insufficient attention to others’ insufficient attention to others’ wisheswishes

Feeling..Feeling.. Like harmonyLike harmony Office feud by impair Office feud by impair

efficiencyefficiency Tend to be sympatheticTend to be sympathetic Aware of other people and their Aware of other people and their

feelings (EF)feelings (EF)

Enjoy pleasing othersEnjoy pleasing others

Allow decisions to be Allow decisions to be influenced by likes and dislikesinfluenced by likes and dislikes

Type and Work Environments

Thinking..Thinking.. Need to be treated fairly in Need to be treated fairly in

accordance with prevailing accordance with prevailing standardsstandards

Able to reprimand people Able to reprimand people impersonally, though they impersonally, though they may not like doing somay not like doing so

More analytically-oriented, More analytically-oriented, respond best to others’ respond best to others’ thoughts (IT)thoughts (IT)

Feeling..Feeling.. Need praise and attentionNeed praise and attention

Dislike, even avoid Dislike, even avoid unpleasant encountersunpleasant encounters

More people oriented, More people oriented, respond more easily to respond more easily to others valuesothers values

Type and Work Environments

Judging..Judging.. Work best when they plan Work best when they plan

work and follow planwork and follow plan Like to get things settledLike to get things settled

May decide too quickly May decide too quickly (EJ)(EJ)

Dislike interrupting project Dislike interrupting project for more urgent one (ISJ)for more urgent one (ISJ)

Perceiving..Perceiving.. Adapt well to changing Adapt well to changing

situationssituations Prefer leaving things Prefer leaving things

open for alterationsopen for alterations May postpone decisions May postpone decisions

(IP)(IP) May start too many May start too many

projects and have projects and have difficulty finishing them difficulty finishing them (ENP)(ENP)

Type and Work Environments

Judging..Judging.. May not notice new things May not notice new things

that need to be done while that need to be done while completing what they are completing what they are doingdoing

Want only the essentials Want only the essentials needed to begin their work needed to begin their work (ESJ)(ESJ)

Satisfied once they reach a Satisfied once they reach a judgment on a thing, judgment on a thing, situation, or personsituation, or person

Perceiving..Perceiving.. May postpone May postpone

unpleasant jobs while unpleasant jobs while finding other things finding other things more interesting in the more interesting in the momentmoment

Want to know all about a Want to know all about a new job (INP)new job (INP)

Curious and welcome a Curious and welcome a new light on a thing, new light on a thing, situation, or personsituation, or person

Organizational Values of 16 Types

ISTJISTJ

Low: Visible AutonomyLow: Visible Autonomy

ISFJISFJ

High: Happy FamilyHigh: Happy Family

Low: Variety and challengeLow: Variety and challenge Visible autonomyVisible autonomy

ISTPISTP

Low: Outgoing AffiliationLow: Outgoing Affiliation Financial AnalysisFinancial Analysis

ISFPISFP

High: Happy FamilyHigh: Happy Family

Low: Variety and challengeLow: Variety and challenge

Organizational Values of 16 Types

INFJINFJ INTJINTJ

High: Financial AnalysisHigh: Financial Analysis

Low: Business SociabilityLow: Business Sociability

INFPINFP

High: Nurturing AffiliationHigh: Nurturing Affiliation

INTPINTP

High: Visible AutonomyHigh: Visible Autonomy

Organizational Values of 16 Types

ESTPESTP

High: Visible AutonomyHigh: Visible Autonomy

Low: Achievement within systemLow: Achievement within system Financial AnalysisFinancial Analysis

ESFPESFP

High: Happy FamilyHigh: Happy Family

Low: Achievement within systemLow: Achievement within system

ESTJESTJ

High: Achievement within systemHigh: Achievement within system

ESFJESFJ

High: Happy FamilyHigh: Happy Family Outgoing AffiliationOutgoing Affiliation Business SociabilityBusiness Sociability

Organizational Values of 16 Types

ENFPENFP

Low: Achievement within systemLow: Achievement within system

ENTPENTP

High: Variety and challengeHigh: Variety and challenge Visible AutonomyVisible Autonomy

Low: Happy FamilyLow: Happy Family

ENFJENFJ

High: Nurturing AffiliationHigh: Nurturing Affiliation

ENTJENTJ

High: Financial AnalysisHigh: Financial Analysis

Low: Nurturing AffiliationLow: Nurturing Affiliation