Sandeep Raina

Optimisation and Performance Measurement of GSM/GPRS networks

Telemanagement World ConferenceLas Vegas, 29th-31st October 2002

SANDEEP RAINAGSM & GPRS ConsultantTELSIM,TURKEYsandeep.raina@telsim.com.tr

Sandeep Raina

Telsim - GSM 900 operator in Turkey

GSM network operations since 1994

First GPRS network in Turkey in 2000

Third GPRS network in World in 2000

GSM world award winner (community category), 2000

41 % market share

Telsim

Sandeep Raina

Content Issues in GSM and GPRS performance data collection Performance Indicators for GSM - Coverage, Capacity, Quality How Performance Indicators for GPRS are different KPIs for GPRS Benchmarking GPRS KPIs Optimising GPRS - Coverage, Capacity, Quality

Sandeep Raina

Issues in collecting performance data Lack of standardisation on many interfaces ( PSTN, IN...) A-bis (Source of Level, Quality and Interference analysis) is customised A-interface(Source of LU, Call Setup, Handovers) has no details of radio link info. , measurements from BTS or Mobiles Multi-vendor environment increases volume of performance data Matching multi-vendor info. for the simplest analysis OMC, the main contributor, is a vendor specific device Establishing relationship between network elements for a fault (Contribution of each network element in providing fault info.) Establishing correlation between faults - Symptoms, After-effects Bad Performance could be due to Inherent / Genetic defect

Sandeep Raina

Validity of extracted data / statistics Sufficiency of extracted data / statistics OMC-G does not tap Gb or GnTool unavailable for MS to IP layer monitoringDrive test is still a snapshot , not the complete pictureAscertaining the intensity of problem ; Irregular or no Customer feedback How to set a threshold ?not enough documentation, standards Hundreds of indicators available...how to make a choice ? Operator experience is not shared Inflexibility of setting thresholds of operator-interest on Abis, Gn, Gb Too many configuration parameters Missing link between field changes and planning specs. One-stop controller of configurations not available Issues in collecting performance data

Sandeep Raina

Key Performance Indicators The operator concentrates on many varied performance indicatorsassigning assumed / theoretical priorities...PRIORITY ASSIGNED TO PERFORMANCE ISSUES : OPERATOR VIEWPOINT

Sandeep Raina

Key Performance Indicators...while the subscriber judges the network on the basis of a few basic indicators of performance

Sandeep Raina

Key Performance Indicators It is very important to align our KPI definitionaccording to what quality and performance means to

The Subscriber

Sandeep Raina

Performance Indicators for GSM : Coverage Signal Strength - outdoors In building, In-Car penetration signal levels Uplink Voice Quality Downlink Voice Quality Call Drops Cell Power controlStart from the gross issues....

Sandeep Raina

Performance Indicators for GSM : Capacity Erlangs per Cell TCH success TCH assignment failures TCH Drop calls TCH Blocking Cell congestion Congestion Relief Usage BHCA against rated MSC limit mErl/subs. against rated MSC limit SMS/subs. Against MSC limit MM values(HO,LU,Paging) against limits Overload : Voice/Signalling/Processor...to more detailed...

Sandeep Raina

RxLev Handovers Call Drops Call Success Rate Call set up success rate Call completion rate Call set up time Voice quality(MOS) RxQual Echo TCH success TCH assignment failures TCH Drop calls SDCCH traffic blocking SDCCH drop calls SDCCH Success rates Location Area Paging Paging per MSC PSTN availability and quality...and finally micro fine-tuning of the networkPerformance Indicators for GSM :Quality

Sandeep Raina

Why GPRS benchmarking is different Multi QoS introduces layered approach to setting benchmarks Multi handset classes makes the situation a bit more complex Low Transmission rates on Air Interface High Radio Link Error on Air Interface WWW is low volumes of data and frequent transmissions Sequencing of Data is a new concept Data Queuing is a new concept Blocking probability not easy to define Different throughput requirements for different applications FTP is high data volume and infrequent transmissions IP layer performance also influences GPRS performance TCP layer performance influences GPRS performance

Sandeep Raina

How GPRS Benchmarking is differentGPRS vs GSM - Shift in importance of common indicatorsGPRSGSMImportance level

Sandeep Raina

KPI sources KPI Sources in GSMKPI Sources in GPRSAir InterfaceAir InterfaceSwitching networkCore Network PSTN IP networkPerformance should be measured end to end, element by element

Sandeep Raina

KPIs for GPRS GPRS KPIs can be tapped from : AIR INTERFACE Voice Quality Interference BLER RACH Load UL/DL PDTCH Blocking Rate Retransmissions on TCP layer ( http, ftp, smtp, pop, wap...) Network Congestion Data Compression rate GPRS contenders per Cell Cell UL/DL throughput SESSION STATISTICS Session Set up success Rate Session Completion Rate Dropped packets Cell Reselections Processor Loads Data Traffic transferred Data blocks erroneously decoded Data blocks retransmitted

Can be measuredShould be measured

Sandeep Raina

CORE COMPLEX SS7 links congestion D/L TBF set up success U/L TBF releases U/L D/L TBF set up time Throughput on UL /DL Data Compression Rates PDP Context activations RA updates (subscriber mobility) Timeslot usage UL and DLKPIs for GPRS IP NETWORK Internet Congestion (Beyond Gi) Internet Delay (Gi and beyond) IP traffic per APN IP traffic on different services End to end application delays Round Trip Time Delays due to Routers and SwitchesCan be measuredShould be measuredGPRS KPIs can be tapped from :

Sandeep Raina

Tools to collect GPRS KPIs ? Collect info. from L2 and L3 layers : RR, MM, MAC, RLC, LLC, GMM, SM, SNDCP Pick up relevant indicators Analyse causes and reasons for below-standard performance Graphical ,tabular interpretation Combinations of indicators Cross-relationship between GPRS indicators Relationship between GSM and GPRS indicators

Sandeep Raina

Chart1

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Mean C-Value

Throughput (bps)

Mean C-Value (dBm)

C-Value variance vs RLC DL Throughput(non-hopping)

CrossTab Formatted Data

RLC DL ThroughputMean C-ValuefilenameOccurencesRLC DL ThroughputMean C-ValuefilenameOccurencesGPRS_LAC (last valid value)GPRS_RAC (last valid value)Mean BLER-1Mean BLER-2filenameOccurencesGPRS_LAC (last valid value)GPRS_RAC (last valid value)Mean BLER-1Mean BLER-2filenameOccurencesEventTimeEventAftermean throughputfilenameOccurencesEventTimeEventAftermean throughputfilenameOccurencests0ts1ts2ts3ts4ts5ts6ts7csdl throughputnum timeslotsfilenameOccurencests0ts1ts2ts3ts4ts5ts6ts7csdl throughputnum timeslotsfilenameOccurencesRMAC_DL_NumTimeslots_Used_Actual (last valid value)RMAC_DL_CS_Actual (last valid value)mean throughputfilenameOccurencesRMAC_DL_NumTimeslots_Used_Actual (last valid value)RMAC_DL_CS_Actual (last valid value)mean throughputfilenameOccurencesGPRS_LAC (last valid value)GPRS_RAC (last valid value)Mean BLER-1Mean BLER-2filenameOccurencesRLC DL ThroughputdifferencechannelfilenameOccurencesC-to-Imean throughputchannelfilenameOccurencests0ts1ts2ts3ts4ts5ts6ts7csdl throughputnum timeslotsfilenameOccurences

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11000-73telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log699511000-69telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log1493587389511000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log8147687501000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log14110003021gprs.sd512265-11225026telsim-wed-am.log177300000110CS-1100002gprs.sd5197

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13000-70telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log354213000-80telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log150192843000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log2067728000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log8130002846gprs.sd55589-93055.55624telsim-wed-am.log197600001000CS-210909.0911gprs.sd53078

14000-60telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1002114000-76telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log245296933010telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log7769456000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log8140002826gprs.sd510956-89352.94126telsim-wed-am.log1529

15000-79telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log352415000-74telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log171796933000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log4669456010telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log34150003026gprs.sd56246-7690026telsim-wed-am.log2196

16000-75telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log226016000-80telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log160999596500telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1969577010telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log29160003026gprs.sd58653-69833.33326telsim-wed-am.log2812

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21000-80telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log200822000-80telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log9381.62E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log9769741500telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log25210003026gprs.sd55676-15733.33326telsim-wed-am.log3887

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3.79E+06020000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log133.45E+060telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log21128714.28621telsim-wed-am.log7164

3.79E+0614500telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log673.45E+0618000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log374136349.39821telsim-wed-am.log6460

3.99E+06113000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1183.48E+0613666.667telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log3651411964.28621telsim-wed-am.log5700

3.99E+06013000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log113.48E+060telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log141511081.08121telsim-wed-am.log5608

4.00E+0614333.333telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1793.62E+0600telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log18168722.22221telsim-wed-am.log4906

4.00E+06013000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log603.62E+0610telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log46179142.85721telsim-wed-am.log4394

4.03E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log2653.63E+0610telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log60187448.27628telsim-wed-am.log5822

4.03E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log953.63E+0600telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log15191008021telsim-wed-am.log4827

4.22E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log883.68E+0610telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log59204965.51721telsim-wed-am.log4885

4.22E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log153.68E+0600telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log15217142.85741telsim-wed-am.log3052

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4.68E+060500telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log555.24E+06111000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log1302710428.57121telsim-wed-am.log1858

4.71E+06111000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1165.28E+06111000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log13228620024telsim-wed-am.log1904

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4.84E+0601000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log125.31E+0616000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log107

5.05E+06121000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log825.39E+0611000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log339

5.05E+06021000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log345.39E+0601000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log148

5.06E+06021000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log355.48E+0601000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log15

5.06E+06121000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1105.48E+0611000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log132

5.06E+06120000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log6755.50E+0610telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log295

5.06E+06021000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1055.50E+0601000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log13

5.07E+06112000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1265.58E+061333.333telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log169

5.07E+060telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log495.58E+0600telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log62

5.12E+0601000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1775.88E+0606000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log216

5.12E+0611333.333telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log5475.88E+0616000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log74

5.14E+0611000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1835.90E+0619000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log251

5.14E+0601000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log2355.90E+0608666.667telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log295

5.24E+0611000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log226.01E+06011000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log174

5.24E+0601000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log156.01E+06110000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log334

5.61E+0607000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log66.06E+06114000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log63

5.61E+0617000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log836.06E+06014000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log97

5.65E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log276.07E+06114000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log132

5.65E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log156.07E+06014000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log9

5.67E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log996.08E+0617000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log200

5.67E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log156.08E+06014000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log13

5.70E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log316.14E+0616000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log110

5.70E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log776.14E+0606000telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log159

5.81E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log120

5.81E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log35

5.96E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log120

5.96E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log504

5.98E+0606000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log148

5.98E+0616000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log125

6.24E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log24

6.24E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log8

6.25E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log16

6.25E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log18

6.25E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log21

6.25E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log14

6.27E+0610telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log221

6.27E+0600telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log6

6.33E+0615000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log138

6.33E+06010000telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log13

AtxWorkbookState

rawdata

GPRS_LAC (last valid value)GPRS_RAC (last valid value)LAC-RACMean BLER-1Mean BLER-2filenameOccurencesGPRS_LAC (last valid value)GPRS_RAC (last valid value)LAC-RACMean BLER-1Mean BLER-2filenameOccurencesEventTimeEventAftervarvar kbpsEventTimeEventAftervarvar kbpsRLC DL ThroughputC/IchannelfilenameCountC-to-Imean throughputRLC DL Throughput (kbps)channelfilenameOccurencesTS0+TS1+TS2+TS3+TS4+TS5+TS6+TS7num timeslotsCS usedRLC DL Throughput (kbps)TimeslotsTS 0TS 1TS 2TS 3TS 4TS 5TS 6TS 7Tput (kbps)

213012130-100telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log1721213012130-100telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log82436880100160501000.97656253041gprs.sd529.525-221166.6671.139323242224telsim-wed-am.log191000000+TS601CS-10.116883+TS6-------10.116883

213112131-100telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log27910201110201-10.0005360.00127telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log687042701851001427451001.9531253072gprs.sd54.429-212333.3332.278645507824telsim-wed-am.log10900000+TS5+TS6+TS73CS-27.471278+TS5+TS6+TS7-------17.471278

10201110201-10.03690.0308telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log12084010305110305-10.07340.0765telsim-thu-pm-hopping.log110372702051001608801002.92968753072gprs.sd52.409-2010000.976562542telsim-wed-am.log18900000+TS5+TS6+TS73CS-18.980263+TS5+TS6+TS7------1-8.980263

10301110301-100telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log2837287175100193725110000.97656253.906253030gprs.sd52.417-193333.3333.255208007870telsim-wed-am.log1420000000+TS71CS-27.323529+TS7------1-7.323529

10305110305-100telsim-wed-pm-no-hopping.log872384696010021004512666.72.60419921884.88281252073gprs.sd51.319-184666.6674.557291992242telsim-wed-am.log466000000+TS601CS-20.366197+TS6------110.366197

87389515000.488281254768751-1000-0.97656255.8593753021gprs.sd55.008-171571.4291.534598632847telsim-wed-am.log15330000+TS4+TS5002CS-218.411765+TS4+TS5-----11-18.411765

9284301006772801006.83593753021gprs.sd57.65-162769.2312.704327148440telsim-wed-am.log2597000000000CS-12.8683620-----11-2.868362

9693301006945601007.81253026gprs.sd54.933-153132.7913.059366210941telsim-wed-am.log5364000000+TS5+TS602CS-20+TS5+TS6-----1110

9959651006957701008.78906252921gprs.sd56.265-143608.6963.524117187526telsim-wed-am.log25480000+TS4+TS5+TS603CS-23.869565+TS4+TS5+TS6-----1113.869565

10147501006964501009.7656253021gprs.sd59.209-131454.5451.420454101626telsim-wed-am.log2094000000+TS6+TS72CS-22.5625+TS6+TS7----1---2.5625

LAC-RACBLER-1BLER-2161936010069741510010.74218753021gprs.sd512.265-121833.3331.790364257826telsim-wed-am.log159600000+TS5+TS602CS-110+TS5+TS6----11--10

Not Hopping0.03690.0308164562010069849010011.718753021gprs.sd59.588-1122502.19726562526telsim-wed-am.log17730000+TS4+TS5+TS603CS-115.25+TS4+TS5+TS6----111-15.25

Hopping0.0005360.00127166350010070078010012.69531252846gprs.sd55.589-107777.7787.595486328126telsim-wed-am.log17470000+TS40001CS-210.909091+TS4----111-10.909091

170678010070436510013.6718752826gprs.sd510.956-93055.5562.983941406224telsim-wed-am.log1976

2674680170006.835937570759510014.64843753026gprs.sd56.246-89352.9419.133731445326telsim-wed-am.log1529

2737490118666.718.229199218814600101-4000-3.9062515.6253026gprs.sd58.653-769006.7382812526telsim-wed-am.log2196

3776020100237486010016.60156252228gprs.sd56.336-69833.3339.602864257826telsim-wed-am.log2812Timeslots(All)

378596011550015.136718753452830180007.812517.5781253047gprs.sd57.186-56545.4556.392045898428telsim-wed-am.log2959

3990220100347973013666.73.580761718818.55468751921gprs.sd55.469-48636.3648.433949218828telsim-wed-am.log3247Throughput (kbps)CS used

4000160186678.4638671875361542010019.531253047gprs.sd56.965-38055.5567.866753906226telsim-wed-am.log4466num timeslotsCS-1CS-2

4032590100362565010020.50781253026gprs.sd55.676-25277.7785.154080078126telsim-wed-am.log384410.11688318.598817

4220270100368073010021.4843752724gprs.sd52.798-15733.3335.598958007826telsim-wed-am.log388721020.974265

4258800190008.789062550600201-5500-5.3710937522.46093751928gprs.sd52.29701262512.329101562526telsim-wed-am.log3345324.23026311.340843

02.868362

45360401005070220115001.4648437523.43753046gprs.sd55.22316783.7846.624789062526telsim-wed-am.log4017

4679090140003.9062552418001-500-0.4882812524.41406252048gprs.sd55.05826086.9575.944293945326telsim-wed-am.log5704

4710910100528490010025.3906252047gprs.sd50.797311038.46210.779748046948telsim-wed-am.log5580

4721450110000.976562552948401-3000-2.929687526.36718751928gprs.sd51.90246647.0596.491268554721telsim-wed-am.log5408

48371401005305050110000.976562527.343752030gprs.sd51.51857478.2617.302989257821telsim-wed-am.log4499

5052410100538847010028.32031251647gprs.sd56.218611312.511.047363281221telsim-wed-am.log6392

5056240100548472010029.2968753030gprs.sd53.67771305012.74414062521telsim-wed-am.log7420

50612801-1000-0.976562555010701-1000-0.976562530.27343753048gprs.sd52.698812161.2911.876259765624telsim-wed-am.log8854

507077011200011.7187555841001333.30.325488281231.251547gprs.sd50.217912085.71411.802455078121telsim-wed-am.log9380

51151701333.30.3254882812587621010034.1796875544gprs.sd50.249105842.1055.705180664121telsim-wed-am.log8048

513679010058968301333.30.3254882812116827.5866.667564453121telsim-wed-am.log7264

523593010060126801-1000-0.9765625128714.2868.510044921921telsim-wed-am.log7164

56078501006063120100136349.3986.200583984421telsim-wed-am.log6460

565222010060723201001411964.28611.683873046921telsim-wed-am.log5700

566846010060820901-7000-6.83593751511081.08110.821368164121telsim-wed-am.log5608

56956201006144250100168722.2228.517794921921telsim-wed-am.log4906

5811210100179142.8578.928571289121telsim-wed-am.log4394

5958430100187448.2767.273707031228telsim-wed-am.log5822

597895010019100809.8437521telsim-wed-am.log4827

6242900100204965.5174.849137695321telsim-wed-am.log4885

6245290100217142.8576.975446289141telsim-wed-am.log3052

6245650100222318.1822.263849609421telsim-wed-am.log2285

6265580100232642.8572.580915039124telsim-wed-am.log2095

63274801-5000-4.88281252417501.70898437541telsim-wed-am.log2065

254666.6674.557291992221telsim-wed-am.log1284

264058.8243.963695312521telsim-wed-am.log1778

2710428.57110.184151367221telsim-wed-am.log1858

2862006.054687524telsim-wed-am.log1904

294235.2944.136029296921telsim-wed-am.log1629

3075007.3242187521telsim-wed-am.log7734

RxLev Report

GPRS Throughput Analysis

RxLev Report

-86

-85

-87

-84

-95

-77

-83

-82

-76

-72

-73

-73

-80

-70

-60

-79

-75

-78

-76

-71

-75

-80

-74

-78

-61

-78

-74

-69

-70

-67

-82

-81

-54

-70

Mean C-Value

Throughput (bps)

Mean C-Value (dBm)

C-Value variance vs RLC DL Throughput(non-hopping)

C-to-I Report

-86

-83

-88

-83

-79

-82

-80

-78

-83

-81

-83

-69

-66

-80

-76

-74

-80

-92

-83

-66

-72

-80

-83

-78

-84

-84

Mean C-Value

Throughput (bps)

Mean C-Value (dBm)

C-Value variance vs RLS DL Throughput(hopping)

BLER per RAC

GPRS Throughput Analysis

BLER per RAC

3029.525

304.429

302.409

302.417

201.319

305.008

307.65

304.933

296.265

309.209

3012.265

309.588

285.589

2810.956

306.246

308.653

226.336

307.186

195.469

306.965

305.676

272.798

192.297

305.223

205.058

200.797

191.902

201.518

166.218

303.677

302.698

150.217

50.249

&A

Page &P

C/I

Count

Throughput (kbps)

C/I (dBm)

Sample count (1000s)

C/I variance against RLC DL Throughput

T'put vs Cell Reselections

1.1393232422

2.2786455078

0.9765625

3.2552080078

4.5572919922

1.5345986328

2.7043271484

3.0593662109

3.5241171875

1.4204541016

1.7903642578

2.197265625

7.5954863281

2.9839414062

9.1337314453

6.73828125

9.6028642578

6.3920458984

8.4339492188

7.8667539062

5.1540800781

5.5989580078

12.3291015625

6.6247890625

5.9442939453

10.7797480469

6.4912685547

7.3029892578

11.0473632812

12.744140625

11.8762597656

11.8024550781

5.7051806641

6.6675644531

8.5100449219

6.2005839844

11.6838730469

10.8213681641

8.5177949219

8.9285712891

7.2737070312

9.84375

4.8491376953

6.9754462891

2.2638496094

2.5809150391

1.708984375

4.5572919922

3.9636953125

10.1841513672

6.0546875

4.1360292969

7.32421875

RLC DL Throughput (kbps)

C/I (dBm)

Thoughput (kbps)

RLC DL Throughput against C/I

Timeslot & Coding Scheme Report

GPRS BLER Analysis

BLER 1 & BLER 2 measurements across LAC-RAC combinations

NOT HOPPINGHOPPING

LAC-RACBLER 1BLER 2LAC-RACBLER 1BLER 2

10201-10.03690.030810201-10.0005360.00127

Timeslot & Coding Scheme Report

0.03690.000536

0.03080.00127

Not Hopping

Hopping

Block Error Rate calculation

BLER Value

BLER comparison

GPRS Throughput Analysis

(variance from 5s before to 5s after cell reselection)

0

0

0

0.9765625

2.6041992188

-0.9765625

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-3.90625

0

7.8125

3.5807617188

0

0

0

-5.37109375

1.46484375

-0.48828125

0

-2.9296875

0.9765625

0

0

-0.9765625

0.3254882812

0

0.3254882812

-0.9765625

0

0

-6.8359375

0

var

Time (s)

Throughput variance (kbps)

Hopping

0

0

0

0

0

0.48828125

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6.8359375

18.2291992188

0

15.13671875

0

8.4638671875

0

0

8.7890625

0

3.90625

0

0.9765625

0

0

0

-0.9765625

11.71875

0.3254882812

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-4.8828125

var

Time (s)

Throughput variance (kbps)

Not hopping

GPRS Throughput Analysis

(Per Timeslot and Coding Scheme Combination)

TS 0-------------

TS 1-------------

TS 2-------------

TS 3-------------

TS 4---------1111

TS 5-----1111-111

TS 6--1111111--11

TS 711--1--11----

CS used1212212122212

0.11688318.598817

1020.974265

24.23026311.340843

2.8683620

CS-1

CS-2

MBD00011F68.unknown

MBD00196A30.unknown

MBD0018FC06.unknown

MBD00001220.unknown

MBD00010D48.unknown

Drive Test measurements, RTT measurements K1205 Gb protocol testerTools to collect GPRS KPIs ?

Sandeep Raina

Chart1

3514.72

4517.92

4518.32

4819.68

505.36

5013.6

5015.92

5515.36

5514.496

5615.04

5819.6

6213.84

6315.04

6515.76

6518.16

6514.16

6514.16

7017.12

7420.08

7520

7518.72

7917.84

905.68

Rx level

FTP Throuhput

Test Number

Rx level, FTP throughput

FTP throughput over Rx level

Sheet1

FTPHTTP

Test NoRxLevRxQualityTimeslot NumberBSC ReleaseOperating SystemDelay(dsec)Throughgput(kbits/sec)Throughgput(kbytes/sec)

13502 R + 2 SA4win 9823.0314.72-

24501 R + 3 SA4win 9827.0717.92-

34502 R + 2 SB3win 9825.4218.3226.16

44801 R + 3 SB3win 9823.719.6820.8

55001 R + 3 SA4win 9828.565.363.44

65002 R + 1 SA4win 9823.1613.612.8

75002 R + 2 SA4win 9822.5515.92-

85502 R + 2 SA4win 9822.8515.3619.6

95502 R + 2 SA4win 9820.7814.496-

105602 R + 2 SA4win 9821.6115.0417.4

115801 R + 3 SB3win 9822.2119.622

126202 R + 2 SB3win 9825.4413.8427.92

136301 R + 3 SB3win 9822.915.0416.96

146502 R + 2 SA4win 9822.3115.76-

156502 R + 2 SB3win 9822.2418.1630

166501 R + 3 SB3win 9821.8814.1613.8

176501 R + 3 SB3win 9823.314.1621.6

187002 R + 2 SB3win 9824.6917.1225.52

197402 R + 2 SB3win 9825.7720.0832.4

207502 R + 2 SA4win 9829.372023

217502 R + 2 SA4win 9823.4918.7223.84

227901 R + 3 SB3win 9817.9317.8421.32

239001 R + 1 SA4win 9825.235.688.88

Sheet1

Rx level

Delay in dsec

Test number

Rx level, delay in dsec

Delay over Rx level

Sheet2

Rx level

FTP Throuhput

Test Number

Rx level, FTP throughput

FTP throughput over Rx level

Sheet3

Rx level

HTTP Throughput

Test Number

Rx level, HTTP throughput

HTTP Throughput over Rx level

RxLevTHRU

3514.72

4517.92

4518.32

4819.68

505.36

5013.6

5015.92

5515.36

5514.496

5615.04

5819.6

6213.84

6315.04

6515.76

6518.16

6514.16

6514.16

7017.12

7420.08

7520

7518.72

7917.84

905.68

Chart2

3523.03

4527.07

4525.42

4823.7

5028.56

5023.16

5022.55

5522.85

5520.78

5621.61

5822.21

6225.44

6322.9

6522.31

6522.24

6521.88

6523.3

7024.69

7425.77

7529.37

7523.49

7917.93

9025.23

Rx level

Delay in dsec

Test number

Rx level, delay in dsec

Delay over Rx level

Sheet1

FTPHTTP

Test NoRxLevRxQualityTimeslot NumberBSC ReleaseOperating SystemDelay(dsec)Throughgput(kbits/sec)Throughgput(kbytes/sec)

13502 R + 2 SA4win 9823.0314.72-

24501 R + 3 SA4win 9827.0717.92-

34502 R + 2 SB3win 9825.4218.3226.16

44801 R + 3 SB3win 9823.719.6820.8

55001 R + 3 SA4win 9828.565.363.44

65002 R + 1 SA4win 9823.1613.612.8

75002 R + 2 SA4win 9822.5515.92-

85502 R + 2 SA4win 9822.8515.3619.6

95502 R + 2 SA4win 9820.7814.496-

105602 R + 2 SA4win 9821.6115.0417.4

115801 R + 3 SB3win 9822.2119.622

126202 R + 2 SB3win 9825.4413.8427.92

136301 R + 3 SB3win 9822.915.0416.96

146502 R + 2 SA4win 9822.3115.76-

156502 R + 2 SB3win 9822.2418.1630

166501 R + 3 SB3win 9821.8814.1613.8

176501 R + 3 SB3win 9823.314.1621.6

187002 R + 2 SB3win 9824.6917.1225.52

197402 R + 2 SB3win 9825.7720.0832.4

207502 R + 2 SA4win 9829.372023

217502 R + 2 SA4win 9823.4918.7223.84

227901 R + 3 SB3win 9817.9317.8421.32

239001 R + 1 SA4win 9825.235.688.88

Sheet1

Rx level

Delay in dsec

Test number

Rx level, delay in dsec

Delay over Rx level

Sheet2

Rx level

FTP Throuhput

Test Number

Rx level, FTP throughput

FTP throughput over Rx level

Sheet3

Rx level

HTTP Throughput

Test Number

Rx level, HTTP throughput

HTTP Throughput over Rx level

RxLevTHRU

3514.72

4517.92

4518.32

4819.68

505.36

5013.6

5015.92

5515.36

5514.496

5615.04

5819.6

6213.84

6315.04

6515.76

6518.16

6514.16

6514.16

7017.12

7420.08

7520

7518.72

7917.84

905.68

How to use GPRS KPIs ?Some calculations derived from basic KPIs

What is available ? U/L and D/L bandwidth (CS1 and CS2) available per cell What is consumed ? U/L and D/L Channel Loading Factor - Percentage of the available bandwidth in use Air Interface Data blocks / Total Available air bandwidth GPRS Channel Occupancy - Total data transmit time of GPRS channels of cell/ Total time a channel can be used No. of PDP context activations / subs. - Calculated from GGSN statistics

U/L and D/L Radio Bandwidth - Cell throughput indicator What is the frequency of access ? GPRS Access per AGCH - Assignment messages sent on the AGCH of a cell,calculated at OMCR

GPRS Access per PCH - Paging Request messages sent on the PCH of a cell, calculated at OMCR

GPRS Access per RACH - Channel Request messages sent on the RACH of a cell, calculated at OMCR

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What is the external influence ? Network IP traffic figure at GTP layer - Directly related to the IP traffic per SGSN/GGSN

Application Overhead Factor - IP Data size in Bytes / IP data actually sent in bytes

Application Throughput - IP Throughput * Application Overhead Factor What is the rejection ? PDP activation reject rate - Calculated from stats at GGSN

GPRS Attach reject rate - Calculated from stats at SGSN Total no. of lost packets in the network - Calculated from statistics at SGSN and GGSN What is the usage pattern? U/L and D/L RLC Throughput - Total RLC data transmitted / time the GPRS channels were used

Coding Scheme Usage Ratio - Percentage of coding scheme usage per cell (RLC CS1 / RLC CS2)How to use GPRS KPIs ?Some calculations derived from basic KPIs

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GPRS Benchmarking RxQual (CS2) 0.5uM C/I for CS1 9 dB uM C/I for CS2 12 dB uM BLER (CS2) 10 % uM UL PDTCH Blocking Rate < 2% uM DL PDTCH Blocking Rate

Session set up success rate 98 % uM,Core (PDP context activation success) Session drop rate 2 % uM, Core SS7 link congestion 0.1%Core DL set up success rate 98 % Core UL TBF release 2 % Core UL TBF set-up time 200 ms uM DL TBF set-up time 400 ms uM UL throughput (1 ts,CS2) 9 kbps uM DL throughput (4 ts,CS2) 40 kbps uM RA updates per subscriber network design value PCU,Core GPRS pages per subscriber network design value Core Dropped packets 2% uM,Core,IPGPRS BENCHMARK VALUE SOURCEGPRS Benchmarking

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Cell reselections Core Data blocks retransmitted uM Internet (ISP) Congestion < 3% IP Internet (ISP) delay < 25 ms(local),

GPRS Optimisation-CapacityRadio channel capacityGSM channel utilisationGPRS Channel utilisationStaggered peaks of GSM and GPRS traffic7:3023:45 TRAFFIC2400 1200 2300 hoursGSM + GPRS channel utilisationFree Channel Capacity

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GPRS Optimisation-Capacity

23:0022:00Radio channel capacityGSM channel utilisationGPRS Channel utilisationConcurrent peaks of GSM and GPRS traffic23:45TRAFFIC2400 1200 2300GSM + GPRS channel utilisationFree Channel Capacity

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Accelerator Softwares : Reduction in Data Volume

Application Type

1. Email (SMTP) 2. Text file transfers 3. Zip file transfers 4. JPEGs,GIFs transfers 5. Heavily animated webpages 6. Normal HTML webpagesGPRS Optimisation-CapacityData in bytes

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GPRS OptimisationThroughput Accelerator softwares : Test results

Internet webpage downloads faster msn.com : 2.2 times faster nasa.com : 3 times faster nytimes.com : 3.4 times faster heavily animated pages : 10 times faster

FTP transfers faster jpeg file transfer : 2.7 times faster exe file transfer : 2.7 times faster zip file transfer : 1.6 times faster

E-mail faster Uplink Email : 2.3 times faster

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Reduce Interference to support higher coding schemes Expand GPRS in areas that promise high traffic No need to reserve timeslots across the network for GPRS Introduce CS3 and CS4 coding schemes to conserve GSM/GPRS capacityGPRS OptimisationGeneral

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2. OSS devices for GSM and specially GPRS need to be more analytic 1. In complex GSM/GPRS networks the role of OSS for management is key Summary3. GPRS network management and performance indicators require different treatment and analysis from those of GSM 4. Performance measurement / Optimisation of GPRS is a vital learning exercise for 3G network management5. QoS is a big question mark for GPRS and therefore for 3G too

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And what will be the performance standards for MMS, Audio/Video Streaming formats ?Current Performance/Optimisation methods provide Best effort services So, how shall we improve our methods to provide Guaranteed performance ?THATS THE REAL CHALLENGE NOW ! Challenge

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SANDEEP RAINAGSM & GPRS ConsultantTELSIMTURKEYsandeep.raina@telsim.com.trTHANK YOU

Sandeep Raina

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