mb0050 slides unit 09

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C o n f i d e n t i a l

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Program : MBA

Semester : III

Subject Code : MB0050

Subject Name : Research Methodology

Unit Number : 9

Unit Title : Univariate and Bivariate Analysis

Lecture Number : 9

Lecture Title : Univariate and Bivariate Analysis

Book Id : B1700

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Univariate and BivariateAnalysis of Data

Objectives :

Distinguish between univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis.

Discuss the type of descriptive univariate analysis to be carried on

nominal ordinal, interval and ratio scale data.

Explain the descriptive analysis of bivariate data..

In this unit, we will concentrate on the descriptive analysis of

univariate and bivariate data.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

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Lecture Outline

Introduction

Descriptive vs Inferential

Descriptive Analysis of Univariate Data

Descriptive Analysis of Bivariate Data

Summary

Check Your Learning

Activity

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Introduction

In a typical research study there may be a large number of

variables that the researcher needs to analyze. The analysis could

be univariate, bivariate and multivariate in nature.

In the univariate analysis, one variable is analysed at a time.

In bivariate analysis, two variables are analysed together and

examined for any possible association between them.

In multivariate analysis, the concern is to analyse more than two

variables at a time.

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Descriptive vs Inferential Analysis

In the descriptive analysis, we describe the sample whereas the

inferential analysis deals with generalizing the results as obtained

from the sample.

Descriptive Analysis:

Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into a form that will facilitate

easy understanding and interpretation.

Descriptive analysis deals with summary measures relating to the sample data.

- The type of descriptive analysis to be carried out depends on the measurement of

variables into four formsnominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.

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Descriptive Analysis for VariousLevels of Measurement

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Inferential Analysis

Under inferential statistics, inferences are drawn on population

parameters based on sample results.

The analysis is based on probability theory and a necessarycondition for carrying out inferential analysis is that the sampleshould be drawn at random.

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Descriptive Analysis of UnivariateData

The first step under univariate analysis is the preparation offrequency distributions of each variable.

The frequency distribution is the counting of, responses orobservations for each of the categories or codes assigned to avariable

Analysis of Nominal Scale Data with only One Possible Response :

Example: Gender of respondents in a survey research.

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Table below shows both the raw frequency and the percentages

of responses for each category in case of the variable gender in a

sample of 414 respondents.

Gender of the respondents

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Analysis of Nominal Scale Data with Multiple Category

Responses:

- If the question in the research study is multiple category question and theresponds are allowed to tick more than one choice, the percentage in such a casemay not add up to 100.

-The coding for the variable applications has been in binary form where values oneand zero are assigned. If the respondent uses a particular application, the value

assigned is 1, otherwise 0.

Analysis of Ordinal Scaled Questions:-There could always be some ordinal-scaled questions in the questionnaire. The question before

the researcher is how to tabulate and interpret the responses to such questions. The ordinal scale

data can be used for preparing a summarized rank order.

Measures of Central tendency:- There are three measures of central tendency that are used in researchmean,median and mode.

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7/24/2019 MB0050 Slides Unit 09


Descriptive Analysis of BivariateData

Cross-tabulation:

A cross-tabulation counts the number of observations in each cross-category oftwo variables.

Correlation coefficient:

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Summary

Data analysis could be univariate, bivariate and multivariate.

Further, it could be descriptive or inferential.

The type of analysis depends upon the level of measurement i.e.

nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.

The bivariate analysis of data is illustrated through cross-table and

correlation coefficient.

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Terminal Questions

1. Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis of data.

Ans: Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into aform that will facilitate easy understanding and interpretation. Under

inferential analysis, inferences are drawn on population parameter

based on sample results.

2. What are the various measures of central tendency?

Ans: There are three measures of central tendency that are used in

researchmean, median and mode.

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Activity

Visit an organization and select a sample each of 15 male and

female employees. Collect data on their salaries, number of years

of experience and the number of years of education. Carry out a

univariate analysis and compare the distributions of these

variables across gender.

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