may 2008, divčibare use of electro-filtered ash and clinker produced in thermo- electric power...

May May 20082008, Divčibare, Divčibare

USE OFUSE OFELECTRO-FILTERED ASH AND ELECTRO-FILTERED ASH AND

CLINKERCLINKER PRODUCED IN PRODUCED IN THERMO-ELECTRIC POWER THERMO-ELECTRIC POWER

PLANT PLANT ““NIKOLA TESLA NIKOLA TESLA А А andand BB” ” AND THERMO-ELECTRIC POWER AND THERMO-ELECTRIC POWER

PLANTPLANT “К “КOSTOLAC OSTOLAC А А and Band B” ” FOR THE NEEDS OF ROAD FOR THE NEEDS OF ROAD

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

research-developing projectresearch-developing project

Biljana Vuksanović, B.Sc.(C.E.)Biljana Vuksanović, B.Sc.(C.E.)

EMPLOYEREMPLOYER : : PUBLIC ENTERPRISE PUBLIC ENTERPRISE ““ROADS OF SERBIAROADS OF SERBIA””

PREPARED BYPREPARED BY : : THE THE HIGHWAHIGHWAY INSTITUTEY INSTITUTE

May 09, May 09, 20082008, Divčibare, Divčibare

• 30-40 million of tons of lignite is used in the Republic of 30-40 million of tons of lignite is used in the Republic of Serbia annuallySerbia annually

• 7-8 million of tons of electro-filtered ash is produced7-8 million of tons of electro-filtered ash is produced– only only 1-2% 1-2% is used in the cement industryis used in the cement industry

• Electro-filtered ash is disposed at 1400 hectare of fertile Electro-filtered ash is disposed at 1400 hectare of fertile landland

• Estimated value of stockpiled ash is 300 million tonsEstimated value of stockpiled ash is 300 million tons• The greatest producers of energy out of lignite areThe greatest producers of energy out of lignite are• Thermo-electric power plantThermo-electric power plant “ “Nikola TeslaNikola Tesla" " AA and B and B• Thermo-electric power plantThermo-electric power plant “ “KostolacKostolac" А " А and Band B

ProjectProject goalsgoals::

• collectioncollection, , analysis and synthesisanalysis and synthesis of all previous laboratory of all previous laboratory datadata,,

• laboratory tests laboratory tests for key samples of electro-filtered ash and clinker for key samples of electro-filtered ash and clinker from the from the on-going production of on-going production of thermo-electric power plantsthermo-electric power plants

• laboratory tests laboratory tests for samples of for samples of ash mixed with lime or cementash mixed with lime or cement, , in in accordance with our technical standards for road construction materials accordance with our technical standards for road construction materials and European standardsand European standards

• Comparison of the results and Comparison of the results and assessment of the quality and assessment of the quality and applying possibility of electro-filtered ash and clinkerapplying possibility of electro-filtered ash and clinker

• Analysis of harmful effects of electro-filtered ash and clinker to Analysis of harmful effects of electro-filtered ash and clinker to the environment the environment

• Proposal of possible technical and technological solutions for ash and Proposal of possible technical and technological solutions for ash and clinker use in road constructionclinker use in road construction

• economiceconomic justification and specification of advantages of electro-justification and specification of advantages of electro-filtered ash and clinker use in construction and maintenance of road filtered ash and clinker use in construction and maintenance of road beds and superstructures and other road surfaces in Serbia in beds and superstructures and other road surfaces in Serbia in comparison to classic road construction materials (gravel, send, crushed comparison to classic road construction materials (gravel, send, crushed stone etc.stone etc.).).



PERFORMED TESTSPERFORMED TESTS• chemicalchemical• physicalphysical--chemicalchemical• physicalphysical• MineralogicalMineralogical• content of radio-nuclidescontent of radio-nuclides• pozzolanic attributespozzolanic attributes• physicalphysical--mechanicalmechanical• For content of heavy metalsFor content of heavy metals• For content of other harmful ingredientsFor content of other harmful ingredients


RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONSRESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS• Based on physical-mechanical characteristics, Based on physical-mechanical characteristics,

chemical content of ahs and clinker, as well as chemical content of ahs and clinker, as well as composites attained by combining them with lime composites attained by combining them with lime and cement, performed tests have undoubtedly and cement, performed tests have undoubtedly shown that these materials are convenient for road shown that these materials are convenient for road constructionconstruction..

• The project indicated that placement in road base The project indicated that placement in road base should be done in segments isolated from the effects should be done in segments isolated from the effects of surface and underground water, and some of surface and underground water, and some characteristic cases have been treated in this waycharacteristic cases have been treated in this way


ASH APPLIANCEEmbankments made purely of electro-filtered ash


embankments with ash and geotextile

embankments with ash and binders – lime or cementThis type of embankment is more applicable in urban areas, where it is necessary to occupy as less as possible land

during construction. These embankments can be of steeper grad than 1:1.5


embankments in specific geotechnical conditionsProblems of low bearing capacity of stratum or high level of underground water. These

parameters determine specific conditions for construction of embankments.


Infilling behind the object

Backfilling of infrastructural elements


CONSLUSIONSCONSLUSIONS

• Electro-filtered ash and clinker are the most common wasteElectro-filtered ash and clinker are the most common waste – – secondary secondary material in the Republic of Serbiamaterial in the Republic of Serbia

• Dumps Dumps of electro-filtered ash and clinker, although under constant of electro-filtered ash and clinker, although under constant surveillance and monitoring,surveillance and monitoring, cause significant disturbance of cause significant disturbance of environmentenvironment: :

• In the following period primary goal for all relevant institutions in In the following period primary goal for all relevant institutions in the Republic of Serbia should be production of electro-filtered ash the Republic of Serbia should be production of electro-filtered ash and clinker as secondary waste and secondary raw materialand clinker as secondary waste and secondary raw material..

• Research-developing project is valorization of waste material, Research-developing project is valorization of waste material, electro-filtered ash and clinker into secondary raw material – road electro-filtered ash and clinker into secondary raw material – road construction materialconstruction material..

• Results and tests show that electro-filtered ash and clinker have Results and tests show that electro-filtered ash and clinker have changeable mineral, chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics, changeable mineral, chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics, which originate from non-homogeneous composition of coal burnt in which originate from non-homogeneous composition of coal burnt in thermo-electric power plantsthermo-electric power plants..

• Electro-filtered ash and clinker have Electro-filtered ash and clinker have pozzolanic characteristicspozzolanic characteristics• Content of Content of radionuclideradionuclide is is bellow the limits of radioactive bellow the limits of radioactive

contamination, set for construction materialcontamination, set for construction material;;


• Physical Physical – – mechanical characteristics of ash and stabilized ash with mechanical characteristics of ash and stabilized ash with addition of cement and lime from thermo-electric power plants addition of cement and lime from thermo-electric power plants “Obrenovac” and “Kostolac” are in the range of values that verify “Obrenovac” and “Kostolac” are in the range of values that verify this material as adequate for construction of roads and other this material as adequate for construction of roads and other infrastructural (elements of) systems (embankments, infillings of infrastructural (elements of) systems (embankments, infillings of ditches, infillings behind objects etc.).ditches, infillings behind objects etc.).

• Electro-filtered ash and clinker Electro-filtered ash and clinker should be placed in road base should be placed in road base in in segments, isolated from the impact of surface and underground waters, since segments, isolated from the impact of surface and underground waters, since in that way, during the road exploitation, syringe of chemically harmful in that way, during the road exploitation, syringe of chemically harmful elements from ash and clinker and their penetration into waterelements from ash and clinker and their penetration into water are disabled.are disabled.

• Completed analysis of expenditures for construction of Completed analysis of expenditures for construction of embankments with pure electro-filtered ash and ash with 2% of lime embankments with pure electro-filtered ash and ash with 2% of lime at terrain with good and low bearing capacity, where height of at terrain with good and low bearing capacity, where height of embankment is 3 and 8 m, compared to the expenditures of embankment is 3 and 8 m, compared to the expenditures of construction with common dusty-clayey and sandy – gritty materials, construction with common dusty-clayey and sandy – gritty materials, shows that construction of embankment from ash per m3, depending shows that construction of embankment from ash per m3, depending on type of embankment, is for 30 – 80% cheaper.on type of embankment, is for 30 – 80% cheaper.

• Based on the achieved results of research-developing project, it can Based on the achieved results of research-developing project, it can be said that use of electro-filtered ash and clinker in road be said that use of electro-filtered ash and clinker in road construction is possible under the conditions defined in this projectconstruction is possible under the conditions defined in this project. .

• Results of research-developing project indicate the possibility of ash Results of research-developing project indicate the possibility of ash and clinker usage in construction of pavement road-base, but and clinker usage in construction of pavement road-base, but additional tests are neededadditional tests are needed..

may 2008, divčibare use of electro-filtered ash and clinker produced in thermo- electric power...

Documents

highway institute slide

project biljana vuksanovi