max tegmark university of pennsylvania max tegmark university of pennsylvania measuring the universe

Max Tegmark

University of Pennsylvania

Max Tegmark

University of Pennsylvania

MEASURING

THE

UNIVERSE

Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania

[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002

Who cares?

WHO CARES ABOUT COSMOLOGY?

Particle physicists:

- Is there dark matter? Massive neutrinos, wimps, axions or something else?

- Did inflation happen? Can we learn about physics at very high energies?

General relativists:

- Did inflation produce gravity waves?

- What is the geometry of the Universe?

Numerical simulators:

- Only need to run the code once, not for umpteen cosmological models

People on the street

- Will there be a big crunch?

- How did it all begin?

- Are there infinitely many other stars?

Observers:

- What is the correct age, distance and size for the objects being studied?



Onion



WHAT DO WE WANT TO MEASURE?



Onion

Teg

mar

k 20

02, S

cien

ce, 2

96, 1

427-

33



BudgetOrdinary Matter

5%

Dark Energy66%

Cold Dark Matter29%

Ordinary Matter

Dark Energy

Cold Dark Matter

Hot Dark Matter

Photons

Budget Deficit

h2b=.021+.006

.006

•Matter Budget

•Early Universe

•Gastrophysics

=0.66+.10

.13h2c=0.12+.05

.03

h2=.001+.04

h2=0.0001k=0.00+.06

.06

(95% limits)

Scalar normalization Q ~ 105

Scalar tilt n = 0. 93 +.12

Running of tilt = ?

Tensor normalization R < 0.2

Tensor tilt nT = ?

.10

Is cosmology solved?We still have no cluewhat 95% of all stuff is made of!

Reionization optical depth

Galaxy bias b ~ 1 (for 2dF L*)Hubble parameter

.07

h=0.65+.11

.11

THOSE PESKY PARAMETERS: WE’RE ZEROING IN! (August 2002)

(Post-CBI parameters from Xiaomin Wang)



Our tools



Smorgasbord

The cosmic plan:LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures.

LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments.

LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys.

LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.



I.OVERVIEW

OF THEBASICS



Big Bang Zoom

Higher order: gastrophysics

0th order: a(t)

1st order: g(z,k)



Measuringa(t)



Boomzoom

Tegmark 2001



Boomzoom

SN Ia

Tegmark 2001



Boomzoom

SN Ia

Tegmark 2001

NOWSNAP

See also Wang & Garnavich 2001



Big Bang Zoom


0th order: a(t)

1st order: g(z,k)



People

CMB



FFT

CMB



Saskatoon Zoom

CMB

May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results



Saskatoon Zoom

CMB


Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047



Boomzoom

Tegmark 2001



1parmovies



1parmovies

LSS




1parmovies

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters

Lensing




END OFLECTURE I



II. CMB



Big Bang Zoom


0th order: a(t)

1st order: g(z,k)



Boomzoom

SN Ia

Tegmark 2001

NOWSNAP

See also Wang & Garnavich 2001



1parmovies



1parmovies

LSS




1parmovies

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters

Lensing




Onion



Boomzoom

CMB

De Bernardis et al 2000, Lange et al 2000

BOOMERaNG



Boomzoom

CMB

De Bernardis et al 2000, Lange et al 2000



Boomzoom

CMB

Tegmark, Jr., 2001



Smorgasbord

CMBDASI



Smorgasbord

CBI



Smorgasbord

CMBVSA



MAPLabeled

MAP SATELLITE



Map simo

CMBHinshaw 1999

60 GHz simulationwith 0.2 deg resolution



Saskatoon Zoom

CMB




no_experiments

CMB

CMB POWER SPECTRUM DETECTIONS AS OF 1/1 1992



Saskatoon Zoom

CMB


CMB effects:

Linear perturbation growth



Big Bang Zoom



History

CMB(Figure from Wayne Hu)



Onion



Big Bang Zoom

0th order: a(t)

1st order: g(z,k)



History

CMB(Figure from Wayne Hu)



Boom Box

CMB

+

LSS



1parmovies

CMB

+

LSS



END OFLECTURE II



Paid advertisement:

Come to Penn!www.physics.upenn.edu



1parmovies

CMB

+

LSS

Acoustic oscillations:(Figure courtesy of Wayne Hu)

CMB effects:

CMB lensing:

The Rees-Sciama effect:

CMB effects:

OV effect



Large-scale structure



Boomzoom

CMB

Boomerang

Virgo LCDM simulation



Boomzoom

CMB

Boomerang

2dF galaxies



1parmovies

LSS




APO

SDSS



SDSS Telescope

SDSS



SDSS Zoom

SDSS



Cmbgg OmOl

Sky coverage of SDSS redshift survey

(Aitoff projection, equatorial coordinates)

(Dust map fromSchlegel, Finkbeiner & Davis)



Boomzoom

Tegmark 2001



1parmovies

LSS




Boom Box

CMB

+

LSS



1parmovies

CMB

+

LSS



END OFLECTURE III



Measuringparameters



Boom Box

CMB

+

LSS



Constraints ondark matter



Cmbgg obns

Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001



Cmbgg obns

Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001

+



Constraints onneutrinos



cmbgg



Constraints ondark energy



Cmbgg OmOl

CMB

Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000



Cmbgg OmOl

CMB

Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000

+

LSS



BudgetOrdinary Matter

5%

Dark Energy66%

Cold Dark Matter29%

Ordinary Matter

Dark Energy

Cold Dark Matter

Hot Dark Matter

Photons

Budget Deficit

h2b=.021+.006

.006

•Matter Budget

•Early Universe

•Gastrophysics

=0.66+.10

.13h2c=0.12+.05

.03

h2=.001+.04

h2=0.0001k=0.00+.06

.06

(95% limits)

Scalar normalization Q ~ 105

Scalar tilt n = 0. 93 +.12

Running of tilt = ?

Tensor normalization R < 0.2

Tensor tilt nT = ?

.10

Is cosmology solved?We still have no cluewhat 95% of all stuff is made of!

Reionization optical depth

Galaxy bias b ~ 1 (for 2dF L*)Hubble parameter

.07

h=0.65+.11

.11

THOSE PESKY PARAMETERS: WE’RE ZEROING IN! (December 2001)



Smorgasbord

They hunted till darkness came on, but they found Not a button, or feather, or mark, By which they could tell that they stood on the ground Where the Baker had met with the Snark.

In the midst of the word he was trying to say, In the midst of his laughter and glee, He had softly and suddenly vanished away For the Snark was a Boojum, you see.

The Hunting of the Snark/Missing Mass

by Lewis Carroll

[…]



Smorgasbord



1parmovies

LSS

Clusters




Measuring P(k)with CMB



1parmovies

CMB



Saskatoon Zoom

CMB





1parmovies

CMB



1parmovies

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

LSS

Clusters




Measuring P(k)with the LyF



Croft LyA

Croft et al 2000Ly



Boomzoom

Lyman Alpha Forest Simulations:Dave, Hernquist, Katz & Weinberg 1999

Ly



Croft LyA

Reanalysis of Croft et al (astro-ph/0012324)by Hamilton & Gredin (astro-ph/0111194)

Ly



1parmovies

CMB

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters




Measuring P(k)with weak lensing



Boomzoom

Lensing

Gravitational lensing



Boomzoom

Lensing



distortion

Lensing



Boomzoom

Van Waerbeke et al 2000, astro-ph/0101511

Lensing



Boomzoom

Lensing

Hoekstra et al 2002, astro-ph/0204295(53 square degrees!)



1parmovies

Lensing




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters




1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters

Lensing




Measuring the primordial power

spectrum P*(k)



1parmovies

CMB

Ly

LSS

Clusters

Lensing




1parmovies




1parmovies

CMB

+

LSS

Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002



1parmovies

Wrong baryon density:

b=0.07 Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047



1parmovies

CMB



Smorgasbord

Beyond cosmological parameters, summary:Test the underlying physics rather than assuming itCosmological functions rather than cosmological parametersMeasure the free functions rather than parametrizing them in a way involving untested physical assumptions - a form of data compression

Do observations disagree with each other or with theory?

Data => Cosmological functions <= Theory



√

0th order

1st order

max tegmark university of pennsylvania max tegmark university of pennsylvania measuring the universe

Documents

universe slide

onion tegmark

onion slide

tools slide

xiaomin wang slide

smorga sbord slide

cosmological probes

budget h